Handlebars provides the power necessary to let users build semantic templates. In versions 4.0.0 through 4.7.8, the Handlebars CLI precompiler (bin/handlebars / lib/precompiler.js) concatenates user-controlled strings — template file names and several CLI options — directly into the JavaScript it emits, without any escaping or sanitization. An attacker who can influence template filenames or CLI arguments can inject arbitrary JavaScript that executes when the generated bundle is loaded in Node.js or a browser. Version 4.7.9 fixes the issue. Some workarounds are available. First, validate all CLI inputs before invoking the precompiler. Reject filenames and option values that contain characters with JavaScript string-escaping significance (", ', ;, etc.). Second, use a fixed, trusted namespace string passed via a configuration file rather than command-line arguments in automated pipelines. Third, run the precompiler in a sandboxed environment (container with no write access to sensitive paths) to limit the impact of successful exploitation. Fourth, audit template filenames in any repository or package that is consumed by an automated build pipeline.
CVE-2026-33941
“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.
Score 8.2 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: HIGH) published 2026-03-27. NVD baseline CVSS 8.2; sources differ by 0.0.
Also known asEUVD-2026-16862 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-xjpj-3mr7-gcpf (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD
- CISA's Vulnrichment rates exploitation as PoC; EchelonGraph holds no exploit-code reference for it
A fix is available — apply it.
- CVSS v3
- 8.2
- EG Score
- 8.2HIGHmedium confidence
- EG Risk
- 53EG Risk 53/100
EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.
How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)Severity82% × 45%Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 8.2 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.Exploitation40% × 40%EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.Automatability0% × 15%CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high. - EPSS PROB
- 0.3%
- EPSS %ILE
- 22nd
- KEV
- Not listed
What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)
The EG score (8.2): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 8.2 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.
- EG Severity
- 8.2 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
- EG Likelihood
- 0.3% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-31). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
- Confirmed exploitation
- None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
- EG Priority
- SSVC Track* at medium mission impactTrack at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.
A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table
BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.
The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it
Published
March 27, 2026
Last Modified
October 26, 2026
Advisory Details (7)
Auto-updated Jun 30, 2026Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10",
https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-33941.json2452524 – (CVE-2026-33941) CVE-2026-33941 handlebars.js: Handlebars: Arbitrary code execution via CLI precompiler input sanitization flaw
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2452524cve-details
https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-33941JavaScript Injection in CLI Precompiler via Unescaped Names and Options · Advisory · handlebars-lang/handlebars.js · GitHub
https://github.com/handlebars-lang/handlebars.js/security/advisories/GHSA-xjpj-3mr7-gcpfv4.7.9
Patch available: handlebars-lang/handlebars.js v4.7.9
https://github.com/handlebars-lang/handlebars.js/releases/tag/v4.7.9commit 68d8df5a88e0 (handlebars-lang/handlebars.js)
Patch available: handlebars-lang/handlebars.js v4.7.9 (contains commit 68d8df5a88e0)
https://github.com/handlebars-lang/handlebars.js/commit/68d8df5a88e0a26fe9e6084c5c6aaebe67b07da2Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-33941(3)
These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.
- RHSA-2026:34342Red Hat Product SecurityCritical
Red Hat Security Advisory: Cluster Observability Operator 1.5.0
- CVE-2026-33941Microsoft Security Response Center (MSRC)High
Handlebars.js has JavaScript Injection in CLI Precompiler via Unescaped Names and Options
- RHSA-2026:10175Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat OpenShift Dev Spaces 3.27.1 Release.
Patch Availability(3)
| Vendor / Ecosystem | Fix (by version range) / Patch | Released | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| redhat | cluster-observability-operator/troubleshooting-panel-console-plugin-pf6-rhel9:1782839996 | 2026-07-01 | redhat |
| redhat | devspaces/code-rhel9:1776744110 | 2026-04-23 | redhat |
| npm | handlebars @ 4.7.9 (fixes >= 4.0.0, <= 4.7.8) | — | ghsa |
Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.
Affected Packages
(5 across 5 ecosystems)
Debian:11(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| node-handlebars | 3:4.7.6+~4.1.0-2 ... 3:4.7.9-5 (8 versions) |
| — |
Debian:12(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| node-handlebars | 3:4.7.7+~4.1.0-1 ... 3:4.7.9-6 (7 versions) |
| — |
Debian:13(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| node-handlebars | 3:4.7.7+~4.1.0-1 ... 3:4.7.9-6 (7 versions) |
| — |
Debian:14(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| node-handlebars | 3:4.7.7+~4.1.0-1 |
| — |
npm(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| handlebars | — |
| — |
Weakness Classification(3)
MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.
Data Freshness Timeline
(refreshed 11× in last 7d / 44× in last 30d)
Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.
Showing the most recent 98 of 176 refreshes on record for this CVE.
A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 2 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 78 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.
- 2026-11-01 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
- 2026-11-01 07:53 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-xjpj-3mr7-gcpf · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.2
- 2026-11-01 07:53 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-31 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
- 2026-10-30 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
- 2026-10-29 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
- 2026-10-28 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
- 2026-10-27 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
- 2026-10-26 22:26 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-26 22:26 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-26 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
- 2026-10-25 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
- 2026-10-25 14:34 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-24 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
- 2026-10-24 16:21 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-24 16:21 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
- 2026-10-22 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
- 2026-10-21 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
- 2026-10-20 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
- 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
- 2026-10-18 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
- 2026-10-18 03:46 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-17 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
- 2026-10-17 15:41 UTCEG score recompute
Show 73 moreShow fewer
- 2026-10-17 15:41 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-16 16:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
- 2026-10-15 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
- 2026-10-14 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
- 2026-10-13 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
- 2026-10-12 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
- 2026-10-12 16:13 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 19:55 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 17:08 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 14:35 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
- 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
- 2026-10-09 20:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
- 2026-10-08 17:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
- 2026-10-07 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
- 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
- 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
- 2026-10-04 23:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
- 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
- 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
- 2026-09-30 15:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
- 2026-09-30 06:58 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-09-28 13:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
- 2026-09-27 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
- 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
- 2026-09-26 00:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
- 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
- 2026-09-18 19:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
- 2026-09-17 19:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
- 2026-09-16 14:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
- 2026-09-16 05:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
- 2026-09-15 03:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
- 2026-09-13 16:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
- 2026-09-12 15:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
- 2026-09-11 14:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
- 2026-09-11 12:25 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-09-11 12:25 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-09-11 09:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
- 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
- 2026-09-08 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
- 2026-09-07 16:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
- 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
- 2026-09-04 13:30 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-09-04 12:23 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-09-04 12:23 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
- 2026-09-03 12:29 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-09-03 12:29 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-09-02 14:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
- 2026-09-01 13:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
- 2026-09-01 13:51 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-09-01 12:23 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-09-01 12:23 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-09-01 04:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
- 2026-08-30 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
- 2026-08-30 01:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
- 2026-08-28 21:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
- 2026-08-27 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
- 2026-08-26 14:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
- 2026-08-25 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
- 2026-08-24 14:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
- 2026-08-23 00:19 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
- 2026-08-21 23:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
- 2026-08-20 22:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
- 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
- 2026-08-18 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
- 2026-08-17 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
- 2026-08-16 14:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
- 2026-08-16 09:56 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-08-16 09:56 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-08-16 02:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
- 2026-08-15 01:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
- 2026-08-14 19:10 UTCVendor advisory
Related CVEs(same product + same vendor + same CWE)
Same product
10 shownDebian:11:node-handlebars · Debian:12:node-handlebars
Same vendor
10 shownredhat:RHSA-2026:10175 · redhat:RHSA-2026:34342
Frequently asked(5)
What is CVE-2026-33941?
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-33941 published?
Is CVE-2026-33941 actively exploited?
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-33941?
How do I remediate CVE-2026-33941?
Dependency Blast Radius
See which npm, PyPI, Go, and Maven packages are affected by CVE-2026-33941
Is Your Infrastructure Affected by CVE-2026-33941?
EchelonGraph automatically scans your cloud infrastructure and maps CVE exposure using blast radius analysis.