CVE-2021-23369

CRITICALNVD 9.89.8
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 9.8 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: CRITICAL) published 2021-05-06. NVD baseline CVSS 9.8; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 4 sources updated this weekElevated

Also known asEUVD-2021-1052 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-f2jv-r9rf-7988 (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • Public exploit or proof-of-concept code is available
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 7.0%CVSS: 9.8Exploit: Public PoCExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

The package handlebars before 4.7.7 are vulnerable to Remote Code Execution (RCE) when selecting certain compiling options to compile templates coming from an untrusted source.

CVSS v3
9.8
EG Score
9.8CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
75
EG Risk 75/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity98% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
7.0%
EPSS %ILE
94th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
9.8 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
7.0% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-01). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

April 12, 2021

Last Modified

October 8, 2026

Advisory Details (7)

Auto-updated Oct 30, 2026
🔬 Proof of concept available. Patch available. Sources: github_commit.
GitHub commit Patch Available

commit f05897016982 (handlebars-lang/handlebars.js)

Patch available: handlebars-lang/handlebars.js v4.7.8 (contains commit f05897016982)

https://github.com/handlebars-lang/handlebars.js/commit/f0589701698268578199be25285b2ebea1c1e427
GitHub commit Patch Available

commit b6d3de7123ee (handlebars-lang/handlebars.js)

Patch available: handlebars-lang/handlebars.js v4.7.8 (contains commit b6d3de7123ee)

https://github.com/handlebars-lang/handlebars.js/commit/b6d3de7123eebba603e321f04afdbae608e8fea8
Web page🟡 PoC Available

Remote Code Execution (RCE) in handlebars | CVE-2021-23369 | Snyk

https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-HANDLEBARS-1056767
Web page🟡 PoC Available

Remote Code Execution (RCE) in org.webjars.npm:handlebars | CVE-2021-23369 | Snyk

https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JAVA-ORGWEBJARSNPM-1074952
Web page🟡 PoC Available

Remote Code Execution (RCE) in org.webjars.bower:handlebars | CVE-2021-23369 | Snyk

https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JAVA-ORGWEBJARSBOWER-1074951
Web page🟡 PoC Available

Remote Code Execution (RCE) in org.webjars:handlebars | CVE-2021-23369 | Snyk

https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JAVA-ORGWEBJARS-1074950

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2021-23369(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(6)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
redhathandlebars2023-03-20redhat
redhatopenshift-logging/kibana6-rhel8:v6.8.1-482021-11-17redhat
redhatopenshift-logging/kibana6-rhel8:v6.8.1-472021-11-17redhat
redhatopenshift4/ose-logging-kibana6:v4.6.0-202106181629.p0.git.40f3e722021-06-29redhat
mavenorg.webjars.bowergithub.wycats:handlebars.js @ 4.7.7 (fixes < 4.7.7)—ghsa
npmhandlebars @ 4.7.7 (fixes < 4.7.7)—ghsa

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(8 across 6 ecosystems)
Maven(3)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
org.webjars.bowergithub.wycats:handlebars.js4.1.1, 4.2.0, 4.4.5, 4.5.3, 4.7.2
  • every version up to 4.7.7: fixed in 4.7.7
—
org.webjars:handlebars1.0.0 ... 4.7.6 (21 versions)
  • every version up to 4.7.7: fixed in 4.7.7
—
org.webjars.npm:handlebars1.3.0 ... 4.7.6 (21 versions)
  • every version up to 4.7.7: fixed in 4.7.7
—
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
node-handlebars—
  • every version up to 3:4.7.6+~4.1.0-2: fixed in 3:4.7.6+~4.1.0-2
—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
node-handlebars—
  • every version up to 3:4.7.6+~4.1.0-2: fixed in 3:4.7.6+~4.1.0-2
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
node-handlebars—
  • every version up to 3:4.7.6+~4.1.0-2: fixed in 3:4.7.6+~4.1.0-2
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
node-handlebars—
  • every version up to 3:4.7.6+~4.1.0-2: fixed in 3:4.7.6+~4.1.0-2
—
npm(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
handlebars—
  • every version up to 4.7.7: fixed in 4.7.7
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Additional Vendor Advisories

(3)

Vendors that published advisories for this CVE beyond the curated set above. Broader coverage but minimal per-row detail — click through for the original advisory.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 24× in last 7d / 80× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 97 of 241 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 3 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 144 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-01 19:12 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-11-01 19:12 UTCVendor advisory
  3. 2026-11-01 19:12 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-f2jv-r9rf-7988 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  4. 2026-11-01 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
  5. 2026-11-01 08:34 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-f2jv-r9rf-7988 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  6. 2026-11-01 08:34 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-31 20:03 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-31 20:03 UTCVendor advisory
  9. 2026-10-31 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
  10. 2026-10-30 20:55 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-30 20:55 UTCVendor advisory
  12. 2026-10-30 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
  13. 2026-10-29 21:48 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-29 21:48 UTCVendor advisory
  15. 2026-10-29 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
  16. 2026-10-28 22:41 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-10-28 22:41 UTCVendor advisory
  18. 2026-10-28 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
  19. 2026-10-27 23:35 UTCEG score recompute
  20. 2026-10-27 23:35 UTCVendor advisory
  21. 2026-10-27 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
  22. 2026-10-27 00:24 UTCEG score recompute
  23. 2026-10-27 00:24 UTCVendor advisory
  24. 2026-10-26 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
  25. 2026-10-25 21:41 UTCVendor advisory
Show 72 more
  1. 2026-10-25 18:33 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-10-25 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
  3. 2026-10-24 22:16 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-10-24 22:16 UTCVendor advisory
  5. 2026-10-24 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
  6. 2026-10-23 23:09 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-23 23:09 UTCVendor advisory
  8. 2026-10-23 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
  9. 2026-10-23 00:02 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-10-23 00:02 UTCVendor advisory
  11. 2026-10-22 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
  12. 2026-10-22 00:53 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-10-22 00:53 UTCVendor advisory
  14. 2026-10-21 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
  15. 2026-10-21 01:44 UTCEG score recompute
  16. 2026-10-21 01:44 UTCVendor advisory
  17. 2026-10-20 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
  18. 2026-10-20 02:37 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-20 02:37 UTCVendor advisory
  20. 2026-10-19 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
  21. 2026-10-19 02:08 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-10-19 02:08 UTCVendor advisory
  23. 2026-10-18 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
  24. 2026-10-18 03:01 UTCEG score recompute
  25. 2026-10-18 03:01 UTCVendor advisory
  26. 2026-10-17 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
  27. 2026-10-17 03:50 UTCEG score recompute
  28. 2026-10-17 03:50 UTCVendor advisory
  29. 2026-10-16 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
  30. 2026-10-16 04:40 UTCEG score recompute
  31. 2026-10-16 04:40 UTCVendor advisory
  32. 2026-10-15 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
  33. 2026-10-15 03:06 UTCEG score recompute
  34. 2026-10-15 03:06 UTCVendor advisory
  35. 2026-10-14 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
  36. 2026-10-13 23:16 UTCEG score recompute
  37. 2026-10-13 23:16 UTCVendor advisory
  38. 2026-10-13 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
  39. 2026-10-12 19:24 UTCVendor advisory
  40. 2026-10-12 19:23 UTCEG score recompute
  41. 2026-10-12 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
  42. 2026-10-11 23:48 UTCEG score recompute
  43. 2026-10-11 13:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
  44. 2026-10-10 19:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
  45. 2026-10-09 20:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
  46. 2026-10-08 22:28 UTCEG score recompute▲ 4.20
  47. 2026-10-08 22:28 UTCVendor advisory
  48. 2026-10-08 22:19 UTCNVD updateCVSS v3 → 9.8 · severity → CRITICAL
  49. 2026-10-08 21:33 UTCEG score recompute
  50. 2026-10-08 21:33 UTCVendor advisory
  51. 2026-10-08 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
  52. 2026-10-07 23:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
  53. 2026-10-06 15:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
  54. 2026-10-05 17:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 93rd percentile
  55. 2026-10-03 14:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 93rd percentile
  56. 2026-10-02 16:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 93rd percentile
  57. 2026-10-01 19:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 93rd percentile
  58. 2026-09-30 15:31 UTCEG score recompute
  59. 2026-09-30 15:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 93rd percentile
  60. 2026-09-28 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 93rd percentile
  61. 2026-09-27 13:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 93rd percentile
  62. 2026-09-26 15:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 93rd percentile
  63. 2026-09-26 04:45 UTCOSV refresh
  64. 2026-09-26 00:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 93rd percentile
  65. 2026-09-24 14:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 93rd percentile
  66. 2026-09-23 13:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 93rd percentile
  67. 2026-09-22 14:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 93rd percentile
  68. 2026-09-21 20:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 93rd percentile
  69. 2026-09-19 15:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 93rd percentile
  70. 2026-09-18 19:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 93rd percentile
  71. 2026-09-17 19:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 93rd percentile
  72. 2026-09-16 14:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 93rd percentile

Publicly available exploits

(1 reference)

Public exploit code is referenced for this CVE (1 GitHub PoC). Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly.

  • GitHub PoCfazilbaig1/CVE-2021-23369
    Published Oct 19, 2024

    Handlebars CVE-2021-23369 Vulnerability

    Open source ↗

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2021-23369?
CVE-2021-23369 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on April 12, 2021. The package handlebars before 4.7.7 are vulnerable to Remote Code Execution (RCE) when selecting certain compiling options to compile templates coming from an untrusted source.
When was CVE-2021-23369 made public?
CVE-2021-23369 was made public on April 12, 2021: that is the date its CVE record's CNA, Snyk, gives for when the vulnerability was made public. The CVE record itself was published on April 12, 2021. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 8, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2021-23369 actively exploited?
CVE-2021-23369 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 7.0% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (94th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2021-23369?
CVE-2021-23369 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2021-23369?
A fix for CVE-2021-23369 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2021-23369 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

See which npm, PyPI, Go, and Maven packages are affected by CVE-2021-23369

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