The package handlebars before 4.7.7 are vulnerable to Remote Code Execution (RCE) when selecting certain compiling options to compile templates coming from an untrusted source.
CVE-2021-23369
“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.
Score 9.8 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: CRITICAL) published 2021-05-06. NVD baseline CVSS 9.8; sources differ by 0.0.
Also known asEUVD-2021-1052 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-f2jv-r9rf-7988 (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD
- Public exploit or proof-of-concept code is available
A fix is available — apply it.
- CVSS v3
- 9.8
- EG Score
- 9.8CRITICALmedium confidence
- EG Risk
- 75EG Risk 75/100
EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.
How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)Severity98% × 45%Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.Exploitation40% × 40%EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.Automatability100% × 15%CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high. - EPSS PROB
- 7.0%
- EPSS %ILE
- 94th
- KEV
- Not listed
What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)
The EG score (9.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.
- EG Severity
- 9.8 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
- EG Likelihood
- 7.0% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-01). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
- Confirmed exploitation
- None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
- EG Priority
- SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).
A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table
BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.
The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it
Published
April 12, 2021
Last Modified
October 8, 2026
Advisory Details (7)
Auto-updated Oct 30, 2026commit f05897016982 (handlebars-lang/handlebars.js)
Patch available: handlebars-lang/handlebars.js v4.7.8 (contains commit f05897016982)
https://github.com/handlebars-lang/handlebars.js/commit/f0589701698268578199be25285b2ebea1c1e427commit b6d3de7123ee (handlebars-lang/handlebars.js)
Patch available: handlebars-lang/handlebars.js v4.7.8 (contains commit b6d3de7123ee)
https://github.com/handlebars-lang/handlebars.js/commit/b6d3de7123eebba603e321f04afdbae608e8fea8Remote Code Execution (RCE) in handlebars | CVE-2021-23369 | Snyk
https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-HANDLEBARS-1056767Remote Code Execution (RCE) in org.webjars.npm:handlebars | CVE-2021-23369 | Snyk
https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JAVA-ORGWEBJARSNPM-1074952Remote Code Execution (RCE) in org.webjars.bower:handlebars | CVE-2021-23369 | Snyk
https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JAVA-ORGWEBJARSBOWER-1074951Remote Code Execution (RCE) in org.webjars:handlebars | CVE-2021-23369 | Snyk
https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JAVA-ORGWEBJARS-1074950Vendor Advisories for CVE-2021-23369(1)
These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.
Patch Availability(6)
| Vendor / Ecosystem | Fix (by version range) / Patch | Released | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| redhat | handlebars | 2023-03-20 | redhat |
| redhat | openshift-logging/kibana6-rhel8:v6.8.1-48 | 2021-11-17 | redhat |
| redhat | openshift-logging/kibana6-rhel8:v6.8.1-47 | 2021-11-17 | redhat |
| redhat | openshift4/ose-logging-kibana6:v4.6.0-202106181629.p0.git.40f3e72 | 2021-06-29 | redhat |
| maven | org.webjars.bowergithub.wycats:handlebars.js @ 4.7.7 (fixes < 4.7.7) | — | ghsa |
| npm | handlebars @ 4.7.7 (fixes < 4.7.7) | — | ghsa |
Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.
Affected Packages
(8 across 6 ecosystems)
Maven(3)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| org.webjars.bowergithub.wycats:handlebars.js | 4.1.1, 4.2.0, 4.4.5, 4.5.3, 4.7.2 |
| — |
| org.webjars:handlebars | 1.0.0 ... 4.7.6 (21 versions) |
| — |
| org.webjars.npm:handlebars | 1.3.0 ... 4.7.6 (21 versions) |
| — |
Debian:11(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| node-handlebars | — |
| — |
Debian:12(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| node-handlebars | — |
| — |
Debian:13(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| node-handlebars | — |
| — |
Debian:14(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| node-handlebars | — |
| — |
npm(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| handlebars | — |
| — |
Weakness Classification(1)
MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.
Additional Vendor Advisories
(3)
Vendors that published advisories for this CVE beyond the curated set above. Broader coverage but minimal per-row detail — click through for the original advisory.
Data Freshness Timeline
(refreshed 24× in last 7d / 80× in last 30d)
Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.
Showing the most recent 97 of 241 refreshes on record for this CVE.
A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 3 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 144 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.
- 2026-11-01 19:12 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-11-01 19:12 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-11-01 19:12 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-f2jv-r9rf-7988 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-11-01 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
- 2026-11-01 08:34 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-f2jv-r9rf-7988 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-11-01 08:34 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-31 20:03 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-31 20:03 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-31 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
- 2026-10-30 20:55 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-30 20:55 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-30 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
- 2026-10-29 21:48 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-29 21:48 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-29 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
- 2026-10-28 22:41 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-28 22:41 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-28 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
- 2026-10-27 23:35 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-27 23:35 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-27 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
- 2026-10-27 00:24 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-27 00:24 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-26 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
- 2026-10-25 21:41 UTCVendor advisory
Show 72 moreShow fewer
- 2026-10-25 18:33 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-25 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
- 2026-10-24 22:16 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-24 22:16 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-24 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
- 2026-10-23 23:09 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-23 23:09 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-23 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
- 2026-10-23 00:02 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-23 00:02 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-22 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
- 2026-10-22 00:53 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-22 00:53 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-21 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
- 2026-10-21 01:44 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-21 01:44 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-20 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
- 2026-10-20 02:37 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-20 02:37 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-19 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
- 2026-10-19 02:08 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-19 02:08 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-18 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
- 2026-10-18 03:01 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-18 03:01 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-17 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
- 2026-10-17 03:50 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-17 03:50 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-16 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
- 2026-10-16 04:40 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-16 04:40 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-15 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
- 2026-10-15 03:06 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-15 03:06 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-14 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
- 2026-10-13 23:16 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-13 23:16 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-13 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
- 2026-10-12 19:24 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-12 19:23 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-12 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
- 2026-10-11 23:48 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 13:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
- 2026-10-10 19:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
- 2026-10-09 20:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
- 2026-10-08 22:28 UTCEG score recompute▲ 4.20
- 2026-10-08 22:28 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-08 22:19 UTCNVD updateCVSS v3 → 9.8 · severity → CRITICAL
- 2026-10-08 21:33 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-08 21:33 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-08 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
- 2026-10-07 23:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
- 2026-10-06 15:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 94th percentile
- 2026-10-05 17:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 93rd percentile
- 2026-10-03 14:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 93rd percentile
- 2026-10-02 16:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 93rd percentile
- 2026-10-01 19:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 93rd percentile
- 2026-09-30 15:31 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-09-30 15:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 93rd percentile
- 2026-09-28 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 93rd percentile
- 2026-09-27 13:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 93rd percentile
- 2026-09-26 15:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 93rd percentile
- 2026-09-26 04:45 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-09-26 00:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 93rd percentile
- 2026-09-24 14:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 93rd percentile
- 2026-09-23 13:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 93rd percentile
- 2026-09-22 14:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 93rd percentile
- 2026-09-21 20:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 93rd percentile
- 2026-09-19 15:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 93rd percentile
- 2026-09-18 19:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 93rd percentile
- 2026-09-17 19:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 93rd percentile
- 2026-09-16 14:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.0% · 93rd percentile
Publicly available exploits
(1 reference)Public exploit code is referenced for this CVE (1 GitHub PoC). Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly.
- GitHub PoCfazilbaig1/CVE-2021-23369Published Oct 19, 2024
Handlebars CVE-2021-23369 Vulnerability
Open source ↗
Related CVEs(same product + same vendor + same CWE)
Same product
10 shownDebian:11:node-handlebars · Debian:12:node-handlebars
Same vendor
7 shownredhat:RHSA-2021:2500 · redhat:RHSA-2023:1334
Same CWE
10 shownCWE-94
- CVE-2021-23277NVD 8.3EG 10.0CRITICAL
- CVE-2021-23281EG 10.0CRITICAL
- CVE-2021-27602EG 9.9CRITICAL
- CVE-2021-29440EG 8.4EPSS p98HIGH
- CVE-2021-21433EG 9.9CRITICAL
- CVE-2021-1362EG 8.8HIGH
- CVE-2021-24209EG 7.2EPSS p98HIGH
- CVE-2021-29461EG 8.1HIGH
- CVE-2021-29465EG 8.3HIGH
- CVE-2021-22204NVD 6.8EG 9.0 KEVEPSS p100CRITICAL
Frequently asked(5)
What is CVE-2021-23369?
When was CVE-2021-23369 made public?
Is CVE-2021-23369 actively exploited?
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2021-23369?
How do I remediate CVE-2021-23369?
Dependency Blast Radius
See which npm, PyPI, Go, and Maven packages are affected by CVE-2021-23369
Is Your Infrastructure Affected by CVE-2021-23369?
EchelonGraph automatically scans your cloud infrastructure and maps CVE exposure using blast radius analysis.