CVE-2026-91945

MEDIUMPre-NVD 6.56.5
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.

Score 6.5 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: HIGH) published 2026-09-15. A secondary CVSS source baseline 6.5; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, a secondary CVSS source
Elevated

Also known asEUVD-2026-78802 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-w579-5rqc-5mqh (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

6.5EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • CISA's Vulnrichment rates exploitation as PoC; EchelonGraph holds no exploit-code reference for it
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.6%CVSS: 6.5Exploit: No code on recordExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

FreeRDP versions before 3.31.0 contain an out-of-bounds read vulnerability in smartcard response decoders that fail to validate ATR length fields against fixed inline arrays. Authenticated RDP clients can send oversized ATR lengths in PAKID_CORE_DEVICE_IOCOMPLETION responses to trigger reads past stack or heap objects, causing process termination.

CVSS v3
6.5
EG Score
6.5MEDIUMmedium confidence
EG Risk
45
EG Risk 45/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity65% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 6.5 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.6%
EPSS %ILE
47th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (6.5): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 6.5 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
6.5 MEDIUMCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.6% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-24). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

September 15, 2026

Last Modified

September 24, 2026

Advisory Details (3)

Auto-updated Sep 15, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github, github_commit.
Web page

FreeRDP before 3.31.0 Out-of-bounds Read via Smartcard ATR | Advisories | VulnCheck

https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/freerdp-before-3.31.0-out-of-bounds-read-via-smartcard-atr
GitHub commit

commit 9626564421df (FreeRDP/FreeRDP)

Fix landed in FreeRDP/FreeRDP commit 9626564421df — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/commit/9626564421df72c84f891afdbc0b20bf702f369f
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

Smartcard response lengths are not bounded to their inline ATR arrays · Advisory · FreeRDP/FreeRDP · GitHub

https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/security/advisories/GHSA-q65v-4w7q-hx3r

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-91945(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
freerdp33.15.0+dfsg-2.1 ... 3.30.0+dfsg-1~bpo13+1 (40 versions)
  • every version up to 3.31.0+dfsg-1: fixed in 3.31.0+dfsg-1
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 8× in last 7d / 52× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 99 of 105 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 1 repeat row among the latest 100 is merged into the row it repeats. The 6 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-01 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  2. 2026-10-31 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  3. 2026-10-30 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  4. 2026-10-29 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  5. 2026-10-28 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  6. 2026-10-27 18:25 UTCOSV refresh
  7. 2026-10-27 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  8. 2026-10-26 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  9. 2026-10-25 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  10. 2026-10-25 13:50 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-24 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
  12. 2026-10-23 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
  13. 2026-10-22 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
  14. 2026-10-21 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
  15. 2026-10-20 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
  16. 2026-10-19 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
  17. 2026-10-18 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
  18. 2026-10-18 03:00 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-17 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
  20. 2026-10-16 16:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
  21. 2026-10-15 18:38 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-10-15 18:38 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-w579-5rqc-5mqh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  23. 2026-10-15 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
  24. 2026-10-14 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
  25. 2026-10-13 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
Show 74 more
  1. 2026-10-12 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
  2. 2026-10-12 14:45 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-10-11 19:32 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-w579-5rqc-5mqh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  4. 2026-10-11 19:13 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-11 16:29 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-10-11 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
  7. 2026-10-11 13:44 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
  9. 2026-10-10 19:38 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-w579-5rqc-5mqh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  10. 2026-10-09 20:59 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-09 20:58 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-w579-5rqc-5mqh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  12. 2026-10-09 20:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
  13. 2026-10-08 22:39 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-08 22:38 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-w579-5rqc-5mqh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  15. 2026-10-08 17:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  16. 2026-10-07 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  17. 2026-10-07 14:34 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-w579-5rqc-5mqh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  18. 2026-10-06 15:54 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-06 15:54 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-w579-5rqc-5mqh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  20. 2026-10-06 15:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  21. 2026-10-05 17:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  22. 2026-10-05 17:35 UTCEG score recompute
  23. 2026-10-05 17:35 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-w579-5rqc-5mqh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  24. 2026-10-04 23:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  25. 2026-10-04 19:16 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-w579-5rqc-5mqh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  26. 2026-10-03 20:54 UTCEG score recompute
  27. 2026-10-03 20:54 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-w579-5rqc-5mqh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  28. 2026-10-02 22:35 UTCEG score recompute
  29. 2026-10-02 22:35 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-w579-5rqc-5mqh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  30. 2026-10-02 00:15 UTCEG score recompute
  31. 2026-10-02 00:15 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-w579-5rqc-5mqh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  32. 2026-10-01 19:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  33. 2026-10-01 00:51 UTCEG score recompute
  34. 2026-10-01 00:51 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-w579-5rqc-5mqh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  35. 2026-09-30 15:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  36. 2026-09-30 02:31 UTCEG score recompute
  37. 2026-09-30 02:31 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-w579-5rqc-5mqh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  38. 2026-09-29 04:12 UTCEG score recompute
  39. 2026-09-29 04:12 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-w579-5rqc-5mqh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  40. 2026-09-28 13:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  41. 2026-09-28 05:52 UTCEG score recompute
  42. 2026-09-28 05:52 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-w579-5rqc-5mqh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  43. 2026-09-27 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  44. 2026-09-27 07:33 UTCEG score recompute
  45. 2026-09-27 07:33 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-w579-5rqc-5mqh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  46. 2026-09-26 15:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  47. 2026-09-26 09:12 UTCEG score recompute
  48. 2026-09-26 09:12 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-w579-5rqc-5mqh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  49. 2026-09-25 10:52 UTCEG score recompute
  50. 2026-09-25 10:52 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-w579-5rqc-5mqh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  51. 2026-09-24 14:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  52. 2026-09-24 12:18 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-w579-5rqc-5mqh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  53. 2026-09-24 07:47 UTCEG score recompute
  54. 2026-09-24 07:46 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-w579-5rqc-5mqh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  55. 2026-09-23 17:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  56. 2026-09-23 09:27 UTCEG score recompute
  57. 2026-09-23 09:27 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-w579-5rqc-5mqh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  58. 2026-09-22 16:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  59. 2026-09-22 11:07 UTCEG score recompute
  60. 2026-09-22 11:07 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-w579-5rqc-5mqh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  61. 2026-09-21 21:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  62. 2026-09-21 12:48 UTCEG score recompute
  63. 2026-09-21 12:48 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-w579-5rqc-5mqh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  64. 2026-09-20 20:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  65. 2026-09-20 14:28 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-w579-5rqc-5mqh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  66. 2026-09-19 16:08 UTCEG score recompute
  67. 2026-09-19 16:08 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-w579-5rqc-5mqh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  68. 2026-09-18 19:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  69. 2026-09-18 17:49 UTCEG score recompute
  70. 2026-09-18 17:49 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-w579-5rqc-5mqh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  71. 2026-09-17 19:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  72. 2026-09-17 19:29 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-w579-5rqc-5mqh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  73. 2026-09-16 21:07 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-w579-5rqc-5mqh · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  74. 2026-09-16 14:53 UTCEG score recompute

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-91945?
CVE-2026-91945 is a medium-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on September 15, 2026. FreeRDP versions before 3.31.0 contain an out-of-bounds read vulnerability in smartcard response decoders that fail to validate ATR length fields against fixed inline arrays. Authenticated RDP clients can send oversized ATR lengths in PAKID_CORE_DEVICE_IOCOMPLETION responses to trigger reads past…
When was CVE-2026-91945 made public?
CVE-2026-91945 was made public on August 31, 2026: that is the date its CVE record's CNA, VulnCheck, gives for when the vulnerability was made public. The CVE record itself was published on September 15, 2026. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of September 24, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-91945 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-91945 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.6% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (47th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-91945?
CVE-2026-91945 has a CVSS base score of 6.5 (a secondary CVSS source that NVD displays; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-91945?
A fix for CVE-2026-91945 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2026-91945 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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