CVE-2026-87123

MEDIUMPre-NVD 5.95.9
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.

This medium-severity CVE scores 5.9 under a secondary CVSS source (NVD's own analysis pending). EPSS exploit probability: 0.4% (35th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from a secondary CVSS source
Sources: EPSS, a secondary CVSS source

Also known asEUVD-2026-76029 (ENISA EUVD)Source: ENISA EUVD

5.9EG
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.4%CVSS: 5.9Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

The CVE record names the fixed release — apply it.

hbs is an Express view engine wrapper for Handlebars. Version 4.3.0 can crash the Node.js process during output escaping when an async helper, registered with registerAsyncHelper, resolves to an object whose toHTML property is truthy but not callable. Handlebars escapeExpression calls the toHTML method on any value that has a truthy toHTML, so such a value throws a TypeError, and because the async substitution runs on a later tick outside the render function's try/catch, the throw is an uncaught exception that terminates the process without sending a response. Only version 4.3.0 is affected, since the throwing escape was introduced by the fix for CVE-2026-16231 and earlier versions do not escape async helper values. It can be triggered remotely when an async helper resolves to an externally influenced object such as parsed JSON. The issue is fixed in hbs 4.3.1, and users should upgrade to hbs 4.3.1 or later.

CVSS v3
5.9
EG Score
5.9MEDIUMmedium confidence
EG Risk
27
EG Risk 27/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity59% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 5.9 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.4% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at every mission impact level.
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: The CVE record names the fixed release. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.4%
EPSS %ILE
35th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (5.9): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 5.9 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
5.9 MEDIUMCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.a secondary CVSS source · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
EG Likelihood
0.4% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-24). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at every mission impact level.CISA BOD 26-04: 60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at every mission impact level.

The CVE record names the fixed release. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

September 11, 2026

Last Modified

September 16, 2026

Advisory Details (2)

Auto-updated Sep 11, 2026
Fix named in the CVE record. Sources: github.
Web page

Security Advisories | OpenJS Foundation CVE Numbering Authority

https://cna.openjsf.org/security-advisories.html
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

hbs vulnerable to Denial of Service via unhandled exception in async helper output escaping · Advisory · pillarjs/hbs · GitHub

https://github.com/pillarjs/hbs/security/advisories/GHSA-3c55-w9jx-p5jr

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 8× in last 7d / 45× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 2 repeat rows among the latest 89 are merged into the row they repeat.

  1. 2026-11-01 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  2. 2026-10-31 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  3. 2026-10-30 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  4. 2026-10-29 23:25 UTCOSV refresh
  5. 2026-10-29 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  6. 2026-10-28 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  7. 2026-10-27 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  8. 2026-10-26 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  9. 2026-10-25 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  10. 2026-10-25 13:54 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-24 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 34th percentile
  12. 2026-10-23 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 34th percentile
  13. 2026-10-22 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 34th percentile
  14. 2026-10-22 12:39 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-21 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 34th percentile
  16. 2026-10-20 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 34th percentile
  17. 2026-10-19 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 34th percentile
  18. 2026-10-18 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  19. 2026-10-18 03:04 UTCEG score recompute
  20. 2026-10-17 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  21. 2026-10-16 16:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  22. 2026-10-15 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  23. 2026-10-14 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  24. 2026-10-13 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  25. 2026-10-12 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
Show 62 more
  1. 2026-10-12 14:50 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-10-11 19:16 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-10-11 16:33 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-10-11 13:50 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-11 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  6. 2026-10-10 23:13 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  8. 2026-10-09 22:32 UTCEG score recompute
  9. 2026-10-09 20:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  10. 2026-10-08 23:36 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-08 17:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  12. 2026-10-07 23:54 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-10-07 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  14. 2026-10-07 00:58 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-06 15:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  16. 2026-10-06 01:36 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-10-05 17:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  18. 2026-10-05 02:34 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-04 23:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  20. 2026-10-04 03:39 UTCEG score recompute
  21. 2026-10-03 04:44 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-10-02 05:47 UTCEG score recompute
  23. 2026-10-01 19:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  24. 2026-10-01 05:05 UTCEG score recompute
  25. 2026-09-30 15:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  26. 2026-09-30 06:10 UTCEG score recompute
  27. 2026-09-29 07:15 UTCEG score recompute
  28. 2026-09-28 13:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  29. 2026-09-28 08:10 UTCEG score recompute
  30. 2026-09-27 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  31. 2026-09-27 09:15 UTCEG score recompute
  32. 2026-09-26 15:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  33. 2026-09-26 10:11 UTCEG score recompute
  34. 2026-09-25 11:05 UTCEG score recompute
  35. 2026-09-24 14:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  36. 2026-09-24 12:11 UTCEG score recompute
  37. 2026-09-23 17:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  38. 2026-09-23 13:16 UTCEG score recompute
  39. 2026-09-22 16:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  40. 2026-09-22 14:21 UTCEG score recompute
  41. 2026-09-21 21:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  42. 2026-09-21 15:25 UTCEG score recompute
  43. 2026-09-20 20:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  44. 2026-09-19 17:34 UTCEG score recompute
  45. 2026-09-18 19:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  46. 2026-09-17 19:43 UTCEG score recompute
  47. 2026-09-17 19:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  48. 2026-09-16 19:59 UTCEG score recompute
  49. 2026-09-16 14:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  50. 2026-09-16 06:02 UTCEG score recompute
  51. 2026-09-16 05:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  52. 2026-09-15 07:07 UTCEG score recompute
  53. 2026-09-15 03:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  54. 2026-09-14 08:11 UTCEG score recompute
  55. 2026-09-13 09:16 UTCEG score recompute
  56. 2026-09-12 10:21 UTCEG score recompute
  57. 2026-09-11 14:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 34th percentile
  58. 2026-09-11 11:26 UTCEG score recompute
  59. 2026-09-11 10:38 UTCEG score recompute
  60. 2026-09-11 10:23 UTCEG score recompute
  61. 2026-09-11 10:00 UTCEG score recomputeFirst assessed: 5.9 MEDIUM
  62. 2026-09-11 09:59 UTCMITRE cvelistV5first tracked

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Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-87123?
CVE-2026-87123 is a medium-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on September 11, 2026. hbs is an Express view engine wrapper for Handlebars. Version 4.3.0 can crash the Node.js process during output escaping when an async helper, registered with registerAsyncHelper, resolves to an object whose toHTML property is truthy but not callable. Handlebars escapeExpression calls the toHTML…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-87123 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-87123 was published on September 11, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of September 16, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-87123 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-87123 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.4% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (35th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-87123?
CVE-2026-87123 has a CVSS base score of 5.9 (a secondary CVSS source that NVD displays; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-87123?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-87123 names the fix: "The issue is fixed in hbs 4.3.1, and users should upgrade to hbs 4.3.1 or later."

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