protobufjs compiles protobuf definitions into JavaScript (JS) functions. In versions prior to 8.0.1 and 7.5.5, attackers can inject arbitrary code in the "type" fields of protobuf definitions, which will then execute during object decoding using that definition. Versions 8.0.1 and 7.5.5 patch the issue.
CVE-2026-41242
“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.
Score 9.8 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: CRITICAL) published 2026-04-16. NVD baseline CVSS 9.8; sources differ by 0.0.
Also known asEUVD-2026-23678 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-xq3m-2v4x-88gg (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD
- CISA's Vulnrichment rates exploitation as PoC; EchelonGraph holds no exploit-code reference for it
A fix is available — apply it.
- CVSS v3
- 9.8
- EG Score
- 9.8CRITICALmedium confidence
- EG Risk
- 75EG Risk 75/100
EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.
How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)Severity98% × 45%Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.Exploitation40% × 40%EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.Automatability100% × 15%CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high. - EPSS PROB
- 0.8%
- EPSS %ILE
- 55th
- KEV
- Not listed
What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)
The EG score (9.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.
- EG Severity
- 9.8 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
- EG Likelihood
- 0.8% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-31). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
- Confirmed exploitation
- None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
- EG Priority
- SSVC Track* at medium mission impactTrack at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.CISA BOD 26-04: 3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.
A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table
BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.
The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it
Published
April 18, 2026
Last Modified
September 9, 2026
Advisory Details (12)
Auto-updated Oct 31, 2026Code execution through attacker-controlled protobuf definitions · Advisory · protobufjs/protobuf.js · GitHub
https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/security/advisories/GHSA-xq3m-2v4x-88ggprotobufjs: v8.0.1
Patch available: protobufjs/protobuf.js protobufjs-v8.0.1
https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/releases/tag/protobufjs-v8.0.1v7.5.5
Patch available: protobufjs/protobuf.js protobufjs-v7.5.5
https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/releases/tag/protobufjs-v7.5.5commit ff7b2afef875 (protobufjs/protobuf.js)
Patch available: protobufjs/protobuf.js protobufjs-cli-v1.3.3 (contains commit ff7b2afef875)
https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/commit/ff7b2afef8754837cc6dc64c864cd111ab477956commit 535df444ac06 (protobufjs/protobuf.js)
Patch available: protobufjs/protobuf.js protobufjs-cli-v2.5.1 (contains commit 535df444ac06)
https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/commit/535df444ac060243722ac5d672db205e5c531d75CVE-2026-41242 - Red Hat Customer Portal
Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 or OpenShift Container Platform 4, is affected by this vulnerability and a fix may be released to a
https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-412422459442 – (CVE-2026-41242) CVE-2026-41242 protobufjs: protobufjs: Arbitrary code execution via injected protobuf definition type fields
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2459442Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-41242(6)
These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.
- RHSA-2026:73987Red Hat Product SecurityCritical
Red Hat Security Advisory: RHOAI 3.3.7 - Red Hat OpenShift AI
- RHSA-2026:62260Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat OpenShift Dev Spaces 3.30.0 Release.
- RHSA-2026:37275Red Hat Product SecurityCritical
Red Hat Security Advisory: RHOAI 3.3.5 - Red Hat OpenShift AI
- RHSA-2026:26234Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat Developer Hub 1.9.5 release.
- RHSA-2026:24977Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: RHOAI 2.25.7 - Red Hat OpenShift AI
- RHSA-2026:21338Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat Developer Hub 1.8.7 release.
Patch Availability(8)
| Vendor / Ecosystem | Fix (by version range) / Patch | Released | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| redhat | rhoai/odh-workbench-jupyter-trustyai-cpu-py312-rhel9:1790260954 | 2026-09-30 | redhat |
| redhat | devspaces/code-rhel9:1787762793 | 2026-09-01 | redhat |
| redhat | rhoai/odh-mod-arch-maas-rhel9:1783082680 | 2026-07-09 | redhat |
| redhat | rhdh/rhdh-hub-rhel9:1781187342 | 2026-06-16 | redhat |
| redhat | rhoai/odh-mod-arch-model-registry-rhel9:1780467147 | 2026-06-10 | redhat |
| redhat | rhdh/rhdh-hub-rhel9:1779841586 | 2026-05-27 | redhat |
| npm | protobufjs @ 8.0.1 (fixes >= 8.0.0, < 8.0.1) | — | ghsa |
| npm | protobufjs @ 7.5.5 (fixes < 7.5.5) | — | ghsa |
Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.
Affected Packages
(1 across 1 ecosystem)
npm(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| protobufjs | — |
| — |
Weakness Classification(1)
MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.
Data Freshness Timeline
(refreshed 20× in last 7d / 75× in last 30d)
Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.
Showing the most recent 100 of 343 refreshes on record for this CVE.
A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 243 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.
- 2026-11-01 09:59 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-11-01 09:59 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-xq3m-2v4x-88gg · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-11-01 07:51 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-xq3m-2v4x-88gg · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-11-01 07:51 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-31 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 55th percentile
- 2026-10-31 08:34 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-31 08:34 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-30 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 55th percentile
- 2026-10-30 07:08 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-30 07:08 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-29 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 55th percentile
- 2026-10-29 05:42 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-29 05:42 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-28 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 55th percentile
- 2026-10-28 04:16 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-28 04:16 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-27 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 55th percentile
- 2026-10-27 02:41 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-27 02:41 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-26 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 55th percentile
- 2026-10-25 21:09 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-25 21:09 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-25 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 55th percentile
- 2026-10-25 14:30 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-24 19:44 UTCEG score recompute
Show 75 moreShow fewer
- 2026-10-24 19:44 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-24 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 62nd percentile
- 2026-10-23 18:19 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-23 18:19 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 62nd percentile
- 2026-10-22 16:53 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-22 16:53 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-22 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 62nd percentile
- 2026-10-21 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 62nd percentile
- 2026-10-21 15:24 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-21 15:24 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-20 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
- 2026-10-20 13:59 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-20 13:59 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-19 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
- 2026-10-19 12:33 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-19 12:33 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-18 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
- 2026-10-18 10:51 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-18 03:42 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-17 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
- 2026-10-17 09:24 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-17 09:24 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-16 16:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
- 2026-10-16 07:58 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-16 07:58 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-15 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
- 2026-10-15 06:32 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-15 06:32 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-14 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
- 2026-10-14 02:13 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-14 02:13 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-13 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
- 2026-10-12 22:32 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-12 22:32 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-12 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
- 2026-10-12 16:08 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-12 08:03 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-11 19:51 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 17:04 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 14:30 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
- 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
- 2026-10-09 20:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
- 2026-10-08 17:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
- 2026-10-07 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
- 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
- 2026-10-05 17:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
- 2026-10-04 23:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
- 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
- 2026-10-01 19:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
- 2026-09-30 15:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
- 2026-09-29 07:15 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-09-27 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
- 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
- 2026-09-23 17:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 54th percentile
- 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 54th percentile
- 2026-09-18 19:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 54th percentile
- 2026-09-17 19:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 54th percentile
- 2026-09-16 14:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 53rd percentile
- 2026-09-16 05:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 53rd percentile
- 2026-09-13 16:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 53rd percentile
- 2026-09-12 15:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 53rd percentile
- 2026-09-11 14:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 53rd percentile
- 2026-09-11 09:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 53rd percentile
- 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 53rd percentile
- 2026-09-09 13:41 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-09-09 12:40 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-09-09 12:40 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-09-08 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 53rd percentile
- 2026-09-07 16:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 53rd percentile
- 2026-09-07 13:59 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-09-07 13:13 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-09-07 13:13 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 53rd percentile
Related CVEs(same product + same vendor + same CWE)
Same product
10 shownnpm:protobufjs
Same vendor
10 shownredhat:RHSA-2026:21338 · redhat:RHSA-2026:24977
Frequently asked(5)
What is CVE-2026-41242?
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-41242 published?
Is CVE-2026-41242 actively exploited?
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-41242?
How do I remediate CVE-2026-41242?
Dependency Blast Radius
See which npm, PyPI, Go, and Maven packages are affected by CVE-2026-41242
Is Your Infrastructure Affected by CVE-2026-41242?
EchelonGraph automatically scans your cloud infrastructure and maps CVE exposure using blast radius analysis.