CVE-2026-31685

CRITICALNVD 9.49.4
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 9.4 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: CRITICAL) published 2026-04-25. NVD baseline CVSS 9.4; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 4 sources updated this week

Also known asEUVD-2026-25652 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-hf2p-g3jq-w2mx (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.4EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.5%CVSS: 9.4Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

netfilter: ip6t_eui64: reject invalid MAC header for all packets

eui64_mt6() derives a modified EUI-64 from the Ethernet source address and compares it with the low 64 bits of the IPv6 source address.

The existing guard only rejects an invalid MAC header when par->fragoff != 0. For packets with par->fragoff == 0, eui64_mt6() can still reach eth_hdr(skb) even when the MAC header is not valid.

Fix this by removing the par->fragoff != 0 condition so that packets with an invalid MAC header are rejected before accessing eth_hdr(skb).

CVSS v3
9.4
EG Score
9.4CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
57
EG Risk 57/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity94% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.4 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.5% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
0.5%
EPSS %ILE
41st
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.4): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.4 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
9.4 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.5% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-01). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

April 25, 2026

Last Modified

October 19, 2026

Advisory Details (8)

Auto-updated Oct 2, 2026
Patch available.
Web page

netfilter: ip6t_eui64: reject invalid MAC header for all packets - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fdce0b3590f724540795b874b4c8850c90e6b0a8
Web page

netfilter: ip6t_eui64: reject invalid MAC header for all packets - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/309ae3e9a51a69699ca94eac5fac5688fa562d55
Web page

netfilter: ip6t_eui64: reject invalid MAC header for all packets - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/807d6ee15804df6f01a35c910f09612e858739a6
Web page

netfilter: ip6t_eui64: reject invalid MAC header for all packets - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9eda5478746ef7dc0e4e537b5a5e4b0ca1027091
Web page

netfilter: ip6t_eui64: reject invalid MAC header for all packets - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/288138418bef956f8b295751a4536c60f0e89f4a
Web page

netfilter: ip6t_eui64: reject invalid MAC header for all packets - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d5603591373441fecf9951833d6d873e09320f08
Web page

netfilter: ip6t_eui64: reject invalid MAC header for all packets - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7d6a57411caf54df025860c9b1a82cd42d57a562
Web page

netfilter: ip6t_eui64: reject invalid MAC header for all packets - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4d75bc2cd093bf5803edf512c099bfb220fd6459

Patch Availability(31)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntulinux-virtual-hwe-22.04-edge (6.8.0-136.136~22.04.1) @ jammy2026-10-31ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-raspi2-hwe-18.04-edge (5.4.0.1144.175) @ focal2026-10-31ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual (3.13.0.215.225) @ trusty2026-10-31ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure (4.15.0.1205.220~14.04.1) @ trusty2026-10-31ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-aws-hwe (4.15.0.1195.208~16.04.1) @ xenial2026-10-31ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-realtime-hwe-22.04 (6.8.1-1055.56~22.04.1) @ jammy2026-10-31ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-hwe-24.04 (6.17.0-40.40~24.04.1) @ noble2026-10-31ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-lts-24.04 (6.8.0-1063.71) @ noble2026-10-31ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-fde-6.17 (6.17.0-1018.18~24.04.1) @ noble2026-10-31ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-nvidia-lowlatency-64k-6.8 (6.8.0-1058.61.1) @ noble2026-10-31ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-hwe-16.04-edge (4.15.0.253.237) @ bionic2026-10-31ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-hwe-20.04-edge (5.15.0.185.166) @ jammy2026-10-31ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-realtime-hwe-24.04-edge (6.17.0-1017.19) @ questing2026-10-31ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-aws-lts-18.04 (4.15.0.1194.192) @ bionic2026-10-31ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-fips (4.4.0.1126.128) @ xenial2026-10-31ubuntu
ubuntulinux-xilinx-zynqmp-tools-5.4.0-1079 (5.4.0-1079.83) @ focal2026-10-31ubuntu
redhatkernel-rt-0:3.10.0-1160.155.1.rt56.1307.el72026-07-17redhat
redhatkernel-0:4.18.0-477.147.1.el8_82026-06-17redhat
redhatkernel-0:5.14.0-284.176.1.el9_22026-06-17redhat
redhatkernel-rt-0:5.14.0-284.176.1.rt14.461.el9_22026-06-17redhat
redhatkernel-0:4.18.0-305.194.1.el8_42026-06-17redhat
redhatkernel-0:4.18.0-372.195.1.el8_62026-06-12redhat
redhatkernel-0:3.10.0-1160.151.1.el72026-06-10redhat
redhatkernel-0:6.12.0-55.77.1.el10_02026-06-08redhat
redhatkernel-0:5.14.0-427.129.1.el9_42026-06-04redhat
redhatkernel-0:5.14.0-570.119.1.el9_62026-06-04redhat
redhatkernel-0:5.14.0-687.12.1.el9_82026-05-28redhat
redhatkernel-0:4.18.0-553.126.1.el8_102026-05-28redhat
redhatkernel-rt-0:4.18.0-553.126.1.rt7.467.el8_102026-05-28redhat
redhatkernel-0:6.12.0-211.18.1.el10_22026-05-28redhat
linuxKernel @ 5.10.258 (fixes >=2.6.12)—osv

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(5 across 4 ecosystems)
Debian:11(2)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux5.10.103-1 ... 5.10.92-2 (54 versions)
  • every version up to 5.10.259-1: fixed in 5.10.259-1
—
linux-6.16.1.106-3~deb11u1 ... 6.1.174-1~deb11u1 (20 versions)
  • every version up to 6.1.176-1~deb11u1: fixed in 6.1.176-1~deb11u1
—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.1.106-1 ... 6.1.99-1 (53 versions)
  • every version up to 6.1.176-1: fixed in 6.1.176-1
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.12.38-1 ... 6.12.85-1~bpo12+1 (17 versions)
  • every version up to 6.12.85-1: fixed in 6.12.85-1
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.12.100-1 ... 6.19~rc8-1~exp1 (130 versions)
  • every version up to 6.19.14-1: fixed in 6.19.14-1
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Additional Vendor Advisories

(10)

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 25× in last 7d / 105× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 520 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 420 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-01 17:27 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-11-01 17:27 UTCVendor advisory
  3. 2026-11-01 17:27 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf2p-g3jq-w2mx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.4
  4. 2026-11-01 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  5. 2026-10-31 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  6. 2026-10-31 15:52 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-31 15:52 UTCVendor advisory
  8. 2026-10-31 15:51 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf2p-g3jq-w2mx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.4
  9. 2026-10-30 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  10. 2026-10-30 14:16 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-30 14:16 UTCVendor advisory
  12. 2026-10-30 14:16 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf2p-g3jq-w2mx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.4
  13. 2026-10-29 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  14. 2026-10-29 12:40 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-29 12:40 UTCVendor advisory
  16. 2026-10-29 12:40 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf2p-g3jq-w2mx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.4
  17. 2026-10-28 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  18. 2026-10-28 11:04 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-28 11:04 UTCVendor advisory
  20. 2026-10-28 11:04 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf2p-g3jq-w2mx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.4
  21. 2026-10-27 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  22. 2026-10-27 08:40 UTCEG score recompute
  23. 2026-10-27 08:40 UTCVendor advisory
  24. 2026-10-27 08:39 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf2p-g3jq-w2mx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.4
  25. 2026-10-26 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-10-26 05:05 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-10-26 05:05 UTCVendor advisory
  3. 2026-10-26 05:04 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf2p-g3jq-w2mx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.4
  4. 2026-10-25 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  5. 2026-10-25 14:36 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-10-25 03:29 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-25 03:29 UTCVendor advisory
  8. 2026-10-25 03:28 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf2p-g3jq-w2mx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.4
  9. 2026-10-24 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  10. 2026-10-24 01:53 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-24 01:53 UTCVendor advisory
  12. 2026-10-24 01:53 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf2p-g3jq-w2mx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.4
  13. 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  14. 2026-10-23 00:18 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-23 00:18 UTCVendor advisory
  16. 2026-10-23 00:17 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf2p-g3jq-w2mx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.4
  17. 2026-10-22 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  18. 2026-10-21 22:41 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-21 22:41 UTCVendor advisory
  20. 2026-10-21 22:40 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf2p-g3jq-w2mx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.4
  21. 2026-10-21 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  22. 2026-10-20 21:05 UTCEG score recompute
  23. 2026-10-20 21:05 UTCVendor advisory
  24. 2026-10-20 21:04 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf2p-g3jq-w2mx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.4
  25. 2026-10-20 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  26. 2026-10-19 19:27 UTCVendor advisory
  27. 2026-10-19 19:26 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf2p-g3jq-w2mx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.4
  28. 2026-10-19 18:59 UTCEG score recompute
  29. 2026-10-19 18:59 UTCVendor advisory
  30. 2026-10-19 18:59 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf2p-g3jq-w2mx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.4
  31. 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  32. 2026-10-18 19:49 UTCEG score recompute
  33. 2026-10-18 19:49 UTCVendor advisory
  34. 2026-10-18 19:48 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf2p-g3jq-w2mx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.4
  35. 2026-10-18 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  36. 2026-10-18 03:48 UTCEG score recompute
  37. 2026-10-17 18:13 UTCEG score recompute
  38. 2026-10-17 18:13 UTCVendor advisory
  39. 2026-10-17 18:13 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf2p-g3jq-w2mx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.4
  40. 2026-10-17 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  41. 2026-10-16 16:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  42. 2026-10-16 16:36 UTCVendor advisory
  43. 2026-10-16 16:36 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf2p-g3jq-w2mx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.4
  44. 2026-10-16 16:30 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf2p-g3jq-w2mx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.4
  45. 2026-10-16 15:30 UTCEG score recompute
  46. 2026-10-16 15:30 UTCVendor advisory
  47. 2026-10-16 15:29 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf2p-g3jq-w2mx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.4
  48. 2026-10-16 04:30 UTCEG score recompute
  49. 2026-10-16 04:30 UTCVendor advisory
  50. 2026-10-16 04:30 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf2p-g3jq-w2mx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.4
  51. 2026-10-15 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  52. 2026-10-15 02:30 UTCVendor advisory
  53. 2026-10-15 02:29 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf2p-g3jq-w2mx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.4
  54. 2026-10-15 01:33 UTCEG score recompute
  55. 2026-10-15 01:33 UTCVendor advisory
  56. 2026-10-15 01:32 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf2p-g3jq-w2mx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.4
  57. 2026-10-14 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 25th percentile
  58. 2026-10-14 11:49 UTCEG score recompute
  59. 2026-10-14 11:49 UTCVendor advisory
  60. 2026-10-14 11:49 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf2p-g3jq-w2mx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.4
  61. 2026-10-13 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 25th percentile
  62. 2026-10-13 10:13 UTCEG score recompute
  63. 2026-10-13 10:13 UTCVendor advisory
  64. 2026-10-13 10:12 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf2p-g3jq-w2mx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.4
  65. 2026-10-12 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 25th percentile
  66. 2026-10-12 16:15 UTCEG score recompute
  67. 2026-10-12 08:36 UTCVendor advisory
  68. 2026-10-12 08:36 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf2p-g3jq-w2mx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.4
  69. 2026-10-11 19:57 UTCEG score recompute
  70. 2026-10-11 17:10 UTCEG score recompute
  71. 2026-10-11 14:39 UTCEG score recompute
  72. 2026-10-11 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 25th percentile
  73. 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 25th percentile
  74. 2026-10-09 20:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 25th percentile
  75. 2026-10-08 17:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 25th percentile

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-31685?
CVE-2026-31685 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on April 25, 2026. In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: ip6t_eui64: reject invalid MAC header for all packets eui64_mt6() derives a modified EUI-64 from the Ethernet source address and compares it with the low 64 bits of the IPv6 source address. The existing guard only…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-31685 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-31685 was published on April 25, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 19, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-31685 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-31685 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.5% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (41st percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-31685?
CVE-2026-31685 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.4 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-31685?
A fix for CVE-2026-31685 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2026-31685 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

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