CVE-2025-1686

MEDIUMNVD 4.96.8▲
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

Score 6.8 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: HIGH) published 2025-02-28. NVD baseline CVSS 4.9; sources differ by 1.9.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: epss, ghsa, nvd
Elevated
4.9
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorLow exploitation likelihood right now — keep watching.
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS: 1%CVSS: 4.9Exploit: NoneExposed: 0

No vendor fix yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for a patch.

Versions of the package io.pebbletemplates:pebble from 0 and before 4.1.0 are vulnerable to External Control of File Name or Path via the include tag. A high privileged attacker can access sensitive local files by crafting malicious notification templates that leverage this tag to include files like /etc/passwd or /proc/1/environ. Workaround This vulnerability can be mitigated by disabling the include macro in Pebble Templates: java new PebbleEngine.Builder() .registerExtensionCustomizer(new DisallowExtensionCustomizerBuilder() .disallowedTokenParserTags(List.of("include")) .build()) .build();

CVSS v3
4.9
EG Score
6.8(medium)
EG Risk
47(Track)
EG Risk 47/100SSVC: Track

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity68% × 45%
Exploitation40% × 40%
Automatability0% × 15%
Action: Routine — remediate on your standard cadence.
EPSS
52.2%
KEV
Not listed

Published

February 27, 2025

Last Modified

June 5, 2026

References (7)

Patch Availability(1)

Vendor / EcosystemFixed in / PatchReleasedSource
mavenio.pebbletemplates:pebble—ghsa

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
Maven(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
io.pebbletemplates:pebble2.5.0 ... 3.2.3 (28 versions)——

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 11× in last 7d / 44× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 118 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-07-23 02:49 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-07-22 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-07-22 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-07-21 15:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-07-19 14:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-07-19 14:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-07-19 02:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-07-19 02:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-07-18 10:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-07-16 17:02 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-07-16 17:02 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-07-15 16:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-07-15 16:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  14. 2026-07-15 01:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  15. 2026-07-15 01:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  16. 2026-07-13 22:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-07-13 22:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-07-13 06:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-07-12 05:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  20. 2026-07-12 05:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-07-11 08:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-07-11 08:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-07-10 17:11 UTCOSV refresh
  24. 2026-07-09 19:09 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-07-08 15:14 UTCEPSS rescore
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-07-07 13:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-07-06 16:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-07-06 02:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-07-06 02:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-07-05 02:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-07-04 06:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-07-01 15:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-06-30 23:21 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-06-29 14:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-06-28 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-06-28 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-06-28 04:55 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-06-27 03:08 UTCEPSS rescore
  14. 2026-06-27 03:08 UTCEPSS rescore
  15. 2026-06-25 13:49 UTCEPSS rescore
  16. 2026-06-25 13:49 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-06-24 14:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-06-24 14:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-06-23 21:32 UTCEPSS rescore
  20. 2026-06-22 14:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-06-22 14:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-06-21 14:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-06-21 14:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-06-21 01:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-06-21 01:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  26. 2026-06-19 19:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  27. 2026-06-19 19:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  28. 2026-06-18 17:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  29. 2026-06-18 17:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  30. 2026-06-17 17:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  31. 2026-06-16 17:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  32. 2026-06-15 17:48 UTCEPSS rescore
  33. 2026-06-14 23:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  34. 2026-06-13 22:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  35. 2026-06-13 22:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  36. 2026-06-12 23:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  37. 2026-06-11 13:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  38. 2026-06-10 22:18 UTCEPSS rescore
  39. 2026-06-10 13:21 UTCEPSS rescore
  40. 2026-06-08 23:30 UTCNVD updateCVSS v3 → 4.9
  41. 2026-06-08 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  42. 2026-06-08 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  43. 2026-06-07 15:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  44. 2026-06-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  45. 2026-06-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  46. 2026-06-05 22:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  47. 2026-06-05 22:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  48. 2026-06-05 06:10 UTCEPSS rescore
  49. 2026-06-05 06:10 UTCEPSS rescore
  50. 2026-06-02 20:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  51. 2026-06-02 20:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  52. 2026-06-01 13:51 UTCEPSS rescore
  53. 2026-06-01 13:51 UTCEPSS rescore
  54. 2026-05-31 22:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  55. 2026-05-31 22:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  56. 2026-05-31 00:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  57. 2026-05-31 00:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  58. 2026-05-29 13:44 UTCEPSS rescore
  59. 2026-05-28 13:44 UTCEPSS rescore
  60. 2026-05-28 13:44 UTCEPSS rescore
  61. 2026-05-28 13:44 UTCEPSS rescore
  62. 2026-05-28 13:44 UTCEPSS rescore
  63. 2026-05-27 13:40 UTCEPSS rescore
  64. 2026-05-27 13:40 UTCEPSS rescore
  65. 2026-05-27 13:40 UTCEPSS rescore
  66. 2026-05-27 13:40 UTCEPSS rescore
  67. 2026-05-26 13:43 UTCEPSS rescore
  68. 2026-05-26 13:43 UTCEPSS rescore
  69. 2026-05-26 13:43 UTCEPSS rescore
  70. 2026-05-26 13:43 UTCEPSS rescore
  71. 2026-05-26 07:18 UTCEPSS rescore
  72. 2026-05-26 07:18 UTCEPSS rescore
  73. 2026-05-26 07:18 UTCEPSS rescore
  74. 2026-05-26 07:18 UTCEPSS rescore
  75. 2026-05-24 16:56 UTCEPSS rescore

Related CVEs(same product + same CWE)

Same product

1 shown

maven:io.pebbletemplates:pebble

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-1686?
CVE-2025-1686 is a medium vulnerability published on February 27, 2025. Versions of the package io.pebbletemplates:pebble from 0 and before 4.1.0 are vulnerable to External Control of File Name or Path via the include tag. A high privileged attacker can access sensitive local files by crafting malicious notification templates that leverage this tag to include files…
When was CVE-2025-1686 disclosed?
CVE-2025-1686 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on February 27, 2025, with the most recent update on June 5, 2026. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2025-1686 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-1686 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 52.2% percentile likelihood of exploitation in the next 30 days — higher percentiles indicate greater predicted risk.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-1686?
CVE-2025-1686 has a CVSS v3 base score of 4.9 (NVD). EchelonGraph synthesises NVD + CISA KEV + FIRST EPSS + GHSA into a combined EG score of 6.8.
How do I remediate CVE-2025-1686?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2025-1686, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

Dependency Blast Radius

See which npm, PyPI, Go, and Maven packages are affected by CVE-2025-1686

Explore →

Is Your Infrastructure Affected by CVE-2025-1686?

EchelonGraph automatically scans your cloud infrastructure and maps CVE exposure using blast radius analysis.

Start Free Scan →Browse All CVEs