CVE-2025-10230

CRITICALPre-NVD 10.010.0
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.

Score 10.0 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: CRITICAL) published 2025-11-07. A secondary CVSS source baseline 10.0; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, a secondary CVSS source
Trending — 4 sources updated this weekElevated

Also known asEUVD-2025-38301 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-88qg-f543-x242 (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

10.0EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • Public exploit or proof-of-concept code is available
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 40%CVSS: 10.0Exploit: Public PoCExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

A flaw was found in Samba, in the front-end WINS hook handling: NetBIOS names from registration packets are passed to a shell without proper validation or escaping. Unsanitized NetBIOS name data from WINS registration packets are inserted into a shell command and executed by the Samba Active Directory Domain Controller’s wins hook, allowing an unauthenticated network attacker to achieve remote command execution as the Samba process.

CVSS v3
10.0
EG Score
10.0CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
76
EG Risk 76/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity100% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 10.0 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
40%
EPSS %ILE
98th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (10.0): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 10.0 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
10.0 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
40% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-01). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track* at medium mission impactTrack at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.CISA BOD 26-04: 3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

November 7, 2025

Last Modified

October 18, 2026

Advisory Details (5)

Auto-updated Nov 1, 2026
Patch available. Sources: redhat.
Web page

CVE-2025-10230: Mitigate Samba Vulnerability - vsociety

https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-10230-mitigate-samba-vulnerability
Web page

CVE-2025-10230: Detect Samba Vulnerability - vsociety

https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-10230-detect-samba-vulnerability
Web page

Samba - Security Updates and Information

https://www.samba.org/samba/history/security.html
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)

2394377 – (CVE-2025-10230) CVE-2025-10230 samba: Command Injection in WINS Server Hook Script

https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2394377
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)

CVE-2025-10230 - Red Hat Customer Portal

Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 or OpenShift Container Platform 4, is affected by this vulnerability and a fix may be released to a

https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-10230

Patch Availability(2)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntuwinbind (2:4.3.11+dfsg-0ubuntu0.14.04.20+esm15) @ trusty2026-11-01ubuntu
ubuntuwinbind (2:4.21.4+dfsg-1ubuntu3.5) @ plucky2026-11-01ubuntu

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(7 across 7 ecosystems)
Alpine:v3.22(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
samba—
  • every version up to 4.21.9-r0: fixed in 4.21.9-r0
—
Alpine:v3.23(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
samba—
  • every version up to 4.21.9-r0: fixed in 4.21.9-r0
—
Alpine:v3.24(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
samba—
  • every version up to 4.21.9-r0: fixed in 4.21.9-r0
—
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
samba2:4.13.13+dfsg-1 ... 2:4.24.5+dfsg-1~bpo13+1 (245 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
samba2:4.17.10+dfsg-0+deb12u1 ... 2:4.17.9+dfsg-0+deb12u3~bpo11+1 (12 versions)
  • every version up to 2:4.17.12+dfsg-0+deb12u3: fixed in 2:4.17.12+dfsg-0+deb12u3
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
samba2:4.22.3+dfsg-4, 2:4.22.4+dfsg-1, 2:4.22.4+dfsg-1~deb13u1, 2:4.22.4+dfsg-1~deb13u1~bpo12+1, 2:4.22.6+dfsg-0+deb13u1~bpo12+1
  • every version up to 2:4.22.6+dfsg-0+deb13u1: fixed in 2:4.22.6+dfsg-0+deb13u1
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
samba2:4.22.3+dfsg-4 ... 2:4.23.1+dfsg-1 (11 versions)
  • every version up to 2:4.23.2+dfsg-1: fixed in 2:4.23.2+dfsg-1
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

All Vendor Advisories

(2)

Every vendor that published an advisory referencing this CVE — pulled from our cve_vendor_advisories aggregation. Click any row for the vendor's original advisory page.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 26× in last 7d / 89× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 284 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 184 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-01 22:25 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-11-01 22:25 UTCVendor advisory
  3. 2026-11-01 22:25 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-88qg-f543-x242 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  4. 2026-11-01 00:14 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-11-01 00:14 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-88qg-f543-x242 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  6. 2026-10-31 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 40% · 98th percentile
  7. 2026-10-31 02:04 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-31 02:04 UTCVendor advisory
  9. 2026-10-31 02:04 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-88qg-f543-x242 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  10. 2026-10-30 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 40% · 98th percentile
  11. 2026-10-30 03:53 UTCEG score recompute
  12. 2026-10-30 03:53 UTCVendor advisory
  13. 2026-10-30 03:53 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-88qg-f543-x242 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  14. 2026-10-29 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 40% · 98th percentile
  15. 2026-10-29 05:43 UTCEG score recompute
  16. 2026-10-29 05:43 UTCVendor advisory
  17. 2026-10-29 05:43 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-88qg-f543-x242 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  18. 2026-10-28 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 40% · 98th percentile
  19. 2026-10-28 07:32 UTCEG score recompute
  20. 2026-10-28 07:32 UTCVendor advisory
  21. 2026-10-28 07:32 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-88qg-f543-x242 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  22. 2026-10-27 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 40% · 98th percentile
  23. 2026-10-27 09:21 UTCEG score recompute
  24. 2026-10-27 09:21 UTCVendor advisory
  25. 2026-10-27 09:21 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-88qg-f543-x242 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-10-26 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 40% · 98th percentile
  2. 2026-10-26 10:50 UTCVendor advisory
  3. 2026-10-26 10:50 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-88qg-f543-x242 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  4. 2026-10-25 16:49 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-25 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 40% · 98th percentile
  6. 2026-10-25 12:40 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-25 12:40 UTCVendor advisory
  8. 2026-10-25 12:39 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-88qg-f543-x242 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  9. 2026-10-24 14:28 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-10-24 14:28 UTCVendor advisory
  11. 2026-10-24 14:28 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-88qg-f543-x242 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  12. 2026-10-23 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 40% · 98th percentile
  13. 2026-10-23 16:18 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-88qg-f543-x242 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  14. 2026-10-22 17:23 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-22 17:23 UTCVendor advisory
  16. 2026-10-22 17:22 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-88qg-f543-x242 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  17. 2026-10-22 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 40% · 98th percentile
  18. 2026-10-21 19:07 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-21 19:07 UTCVendor advisory
  20. 2026-10-21 19:07 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-88qg-f543-x242 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  21. 2026-10-21 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 40% · 98th percentile
  22. 2026-10-20 20:53 UTCEG score recompute
  23. 2026-10-20 20:53 UTCVendor advisory
  24. 2026-10-20 20:53 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-88qg-f543-x242 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  25. 2026-10-20 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 40% · 98th percentile
  26. 2026-10-19 22:43 UTCEG score recompute
  27. 2026-10-19 22:43 UTCVendor advisory
  28. 2026-10-19 22:43 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-88qg-f543-x242 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  29. 2026-10-19 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 40% · 98th percentile
  30. 2026-10-18 21:29 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-88qg-f543-x242 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  31. 2026-10-18 16:58 UTCEG score recompute
  32. 2026-10-18 16:58 UTCVendor advisory
  33. 2026-10-18 16:58 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-88qg-f543-x242 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  34. 2026-10-18 05:53 UTCEG score recompute
  35. 2026-10-17 18:47 UTCEG score recompute
  36. 2026-10-17 18:47 UTCVendor advisory
  37. 2026-10-17 18:47 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-88qg-f543-x242 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  38. 2026-10-17 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 40% · 98th percentile
  39. 2026-10-16 20:34 UTCEG score recompute
  40. 2026-10-16 20:34 UTCVendor advisory
  41. 2026-10-16 20:34 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-88qg-f543-x242 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  42. 2026-10-16 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 40% · 98th percentile
  43. 2026-10-15 17:54 UTCEG score recompute
  44. 2026-10-15 17:53 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-88qg-f543-x242 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  45. 2026-10-15 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 40% · 98th percentile
  46. 2026-10-14 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 40% · 98th percentile
  47. 2026-10-14 11:46 UTCEG score recompute
  48. 2026-10-14 11:46 UTCVendor advisory
  49. 2026-10-14 11:46 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-88qg-f543-x242 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  50. 2026-10-13 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 40% · 98th percentile
  51. 2026-10-13 10:53 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-88qg-f543-x242 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  52. 2026-10-12 17:27 UTCEG score recompute
  53. 2026-10-12 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 40% · 98th percentile
  54. 2026-10-12 12:40 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-88qg-f543-x242 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  55. 2026-10-11 20:57 UTCEG score recompute
  56. 2026-10-11 19:07 UTCEG score recompute
  57. 2026-10-11 15:49 UTCEG score recompute
  58. 2026-10-11 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 40% · 98th percentile
  59. 2026-10-10 19:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 40% · 98th percentile
  60. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 40% · 98th percentile
  61. 2026-10-08 17:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 40% · 98th percentile
  62. 2026-10-07 23:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 40% · 98th percentile
  63. 2026-10-06 15:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 40% · 98th percentile
  64. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 40% · 98th percentile
  65. 2026-10-03 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 40% · 98th percentile
  66. 2026-10-01 19:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 40% · 98th percentile
  67. 2026-09-30 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 40% · 98th percentile
  68. 2026-09-29 15:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 40% · 98th percentile
  69. 2026-09-28 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 40% · 98th percentile
  70. 2026-09-27 13:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 40% · 98th percentile
  71. 2026-09-26 15:57 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 40% · 98th percentile
  72. 2026-09-24 14:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 40% · 98th percentile
  73. 2026-09-23 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 40% · 98th percentile
  74. 2026-09-22 14:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 40% · 98th percentile
  75. 2026-09-19 15:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 40% · 98th percentile

Publicly available exploits

(1 reference)

Public exploit code is referenced for this CVE (1 GitHub PoC). Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly.

  • GitHub PoCdptsec/CVE-2025-10230
    Published Oct 19, 2025

    PoC for CVE-2025-10230 - Samba WINS hook command injection

    Open source ↗

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-10230?
CVE-2025-10230 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on November 7, 2025. A flaw was found in Samba, in the front-end WINS hook handling: NetBIOS names from registration packets are passed to a shell without proper validation or escaping. Unsanitized NetBIOS name data from WINS registration packets are inserted into a shell command and executed by the Samba Active…
When was CVE-2025-10230 made public?
CVE-2025-10230 was made public on October 15, 2025: that is the date its CVE record's CNA, Red Hat, Inc., gives for when the vulnerability was made public. The CVE record itself was published on November 7, 2025. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 18, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-10230 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-10230 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 40% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (98th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-10230?
CVE-2025-10230 has a CVSS base score of 10.0 (a secondary CVSS source that NVD displays; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-10230?
A fix for CVE-2025-10230 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory.

Dependency Blast Radius

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