The Metro Development Server, which is opened by the React Native Community CLI, binds to external interfaces by default. The server exposes an endpoint that is vulnerable to OS command injection. This allows unauthenticated network attackers to send a POST request to the server and run arbitrary executables. On Windows, the attackers can also execute arbitrary shell commands with fully controlled arguments.
CVE-2025-11953
“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.
Score elevated to 9.8 because this CVE is listed on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog (added 2026-02-05), indicating real-world exploitation has been confirmed by US federal agencies. NVD baseline CVSS 9.8 retained for reference. Confidence: HIGH.
Also known asEUVD-2025-37505 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-399j-vxmf-hjvr (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD
- Actively exploited in the wild (CISA-KEV) — the reason this is sooner than the SSVC decision on this page at low mission impact
A fix is available — apply it.
- CVSS v3
- 9.8
- EG Score
- 9.8CRITICALhigh confidence
- EG Risk
- 99EG Risk 99/100
EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.
How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)Severity98% × 45%Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.Exploitation100% × 40%Fixed at 100% for a CISA KEV listing: EchelonGraph's rule.Automatability100% × 15%CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Attend at low mission impact; Act at medium or high.Exploitation active (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.Action: A fix is available. Apply it sooner than your standard update timelines at low mission impact and as soon as possible at medium or high. - EPSS PROB
- 94%
- EPSS %ILE
- 99th
- KEV
- ⚠ Exploited
What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)
The EG score (9.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.
- EG Severity
- 9.8 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
- EG Likelihood
- 94% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-01). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
- Confirmed exploitation
- CISA KEV and EG-KEV Tier 1 (exploited in the wild)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
- EG Priority
- SSVC Act at medium mission impactAttend at low mission impact; Act at medium or high.CISA BOD 26-04: 3 days & forensic triage if the affected system is publicly exposed; 3 days & forensic triage if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Attend at low mission impact; Act at medium or high.
A fix is available. Apply it sooner than your standard update timelines at low mission impact and as soon as possible at medium or high.
Exploitation active (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table
BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)3 days & forensic triage if the affected system is publicly exposed; 3 days & forensic triage if it is not.
The score's inputs: In CISA KEV yes (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it
CISA required action“Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.”
Quoted verbatim from CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. CISA directs it at US federal civilian executive branch agencies under Binding Operational Directive (BOD) 26-04, which replaced BOD 22-01 on 10 June 2026; it is not EchelonGraph's advice. CISA's notes: https://github.com/react-native-community/cli/commit/15089907d1f1301b22c72d7f68846a2ef20df547 · https://github.com/react-native-community/cli/pull/2735 · https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-11953
Published
November 3, 2025
Last Modified
February 6, 2026
Advisory Details (6)
Auto-updated Oct 30, 2026Metro4Shell: Exploitation of React Native’s Metro Server in the Wild | Blog | VulnCheck
https://www.vulncheck.com/blog/metro4shell_eitwKnown Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog | CISA
Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog | CISA. Listed in CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.
https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-11953Michał Pierzchała on X: "@sebastienlorber @SzymonRybczak This CVE is overblown and targets way more CLI versions than necessary. Others are fixed in point releases a @SzymonRybczak mentioned. Authors of the CVE haven't contacted us about it prior posting it. Not cool." / X
https://x.com/thymikee/status/1986770875954475375Szymon Rybczak on X: "As maintainer of React Native CLI I learned about this vulnerability today, and actually the issue only existed in two versions of CLI (v19, v18), so React Native v0.80 and v0.81. ‼️ Starting from CLI v9 (~3 years ago), so from React Native v0.70 URL validation was included t… / X
https://x.com/SzymonRybczak/status/1986199665000566848CVE-2025-11953 Critical RCE in React Native CLI
https://jfrog.com/blog/cve-2025-11953-critical-react-native-community-cli-vulnerabilitycommit 15089907d1f1 (react-native-community/cli)
Patch available: react-native-community/cli v20.0.0 (contains commit 15089907d1f1)
https://github.com/react-native-community/cli/commit/15089907d1f1301b22c72d7f68846a2ef20df547Patch Availability(3)
| Vendor / Ecosystem | Fix (by version range) / Patch | Released | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| npm | @react-native-community/cli @ 20.0.0 (fixes >= 20.0.0-alpha.0, < 20.0.0) | — | ghsa |
| npm | @react-native-community/cli @ 19.1.2 (fixes >= 19.0.0-alpha.0, < 19.1.2) | — | ghsa |
| npm | @react-native-community/cli @ 18.0.1 (fixes >= 18.0.0, < 18.0.1) | — | ghsa |
Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.
Affected Packages
(2 across 1 ecosystem)
npm(2)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| @react-native-community/cli | — |
| — |
| @react-native-community/cli-server-api | — |
| — |
Weakness Classification(1)
MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.
Data Freshness Timeline
(refreshed 11× in last 7d / 36× in last 30d)
Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.
Showing the most recent 99 of 225 refreshes on record for this CVE.
A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 1 repeat row among the latest 100 is merged into the row it repeats. The 126 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.
- 2026-11-02 03:30 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-11-02 03:30 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-399j-vxmf-hjvr · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-11-01 08:09 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-399j-vxmf-hjvr · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-11-01 08:09 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-11-01 05:48 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-31 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 94% · 99th percentile
- 2026-10-31 08:06 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-30 10:22 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-29 12:41 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-27 17:18 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-27 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 94% · 99th percentile
- 2026-10-26 19:36 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-25 16:48 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-25 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 94% · 99th percentile
- 2026-10-25 00:13 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-24 02:32 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-23 04:50 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-22 07:06 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-21 09:19 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-20 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 94% · 99th percentile
- 2026-10-20 11:37 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-19 13:55 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-18 05:51 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-17 18:31 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-16 20:49 UTCEG score recompute
Show 74 moreShow fewer
- 2026-10-15 23:07 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-15 01:24 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 94% · 99th percentile
- 2026-10-14 03:39 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-12 17:26 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 20:06 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 19:06 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 15:47 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 12:00 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-06 18:56 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-06 15:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 94% · 99th percentile
- 2026-09-30 17:37 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-09-30 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 94% · 99th percentile
- 2026-09-29 01:10 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-09-27 21:51 UTCCISA KEV update
- 2026-09-25 19:35 UTCCISA KEV update
- 2026-09-25 14:55 UTCCISA KEV update
- 2026-09-24 19:31 UTCCISA KEV update
- 2026-09-24 16:13 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-09-24 14:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 94% · 99th percentile
- 2026-09-23 16:03 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-09-23 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 94% · 99th percentile
- 2026-09-22 19:36 UTCCISA KEV update
- 2026-09-22 15:51 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-09-22 14:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 94% · 99th percentile
- 2026-09-21 23:42 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-09-21 19:09 UTCCISA KEV update
- 2026-09-20 23:31 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-09-20 20:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 94% · 99th percentile
- 2026-09-18 19:20 UTCCISA KEV update
- 2026-09-18 14:15 UTCCISA KEV update
- 2026-09-17 22:52 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-09-16 14:10 UTCCISA KEV update
- 2026-09-14 19:24 UTCCISA KEV update
- 2026-09-11 18:49 UTCCISA KEV update
- 2026-09-10 19:28 UTCCISA KEV update
- 2026-09-10 13:14 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-09-10 09:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 94% · 99th percentile
- 2026-09-09 19:08 UTCCISA KEV update
- 2026-09-08 18:54 UTCCISA KEV update
- 2026-09-06 16:16 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-09-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 94% · 99th percentile
- 2026-09-05 15:57 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-09-04 17:38 UTCCISA KEV update
- 2026-09-02 17:33 UTCCISA KEV update
- 2026-09-01 14:48 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-09-01 13:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 94% · 99th percentile
- 2026-08-31 14:19 UTCCISA KEV update
- 2026-08-30 22:19 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-08-30 19:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 94% · 99th percentile
- 2026-08-30 02:10 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-08-30 01:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 94% · 99th percentile
- 2026-08-28 21:51 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-08-28 21:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 94% · 99th percentile
- 2026-08-27 17:30 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-08-27 17:22 UTCCISA KEV update
- 2026-08-27 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 94% · 99th percentile
- 2026-08-26 17:41 UTCCISA KEV update
- 2026-08-24 18:52 UTCCISA KEV update
- 2026-08-24 16:46 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-08-24 14:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 94% · 99th percentile
- 2026-08-24 12:44 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-08-22 00:14 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-08-21 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 94% · 99th percentile
- 2026-08-21 16:49 UTCCISA KEV update
- 2026-08-20 17:06 UTCCISA KEV update
- 2026-08-19 17:33 UTCCISA KEV update
- 2026-08-18 16:58 UTCCISA KEV update
- 2026-08-17 13:56 UTCCISA KEV update
- 2026-08-11 19:32 UTCCISA KEV update
- 2026-08-11 14:07 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-08-11 13:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 94% · 99th percentile
- 2026-08-09 17:45 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-08-09 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 94% · 99th percentile
Publicly available exploits
(2 references)Public exploit code is referenced for this CVE (1 GitHub PoC), as is 1 Nuclei detection template. A detection template checks whether a system is affected; it is not necessarily exploit code. Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly.
- Nucleihttp/cves/2025/CVE-2025-11953.yamlPublished Aug 7, 2026
React Native Community CLI - Unauthenticated OS Command Injection
Open source ↗ - GitHub PoCSaidBenaissa/cve-2025-11953-vulnerability-demoPublished Nov 4, 2025
CVE-2025-11953 demonstration: Critical RCE vulnerability in React Native CLI (CVSS 9.8). Educational security research with proof-of-concept exploits and mitigation strategies.
Open source ↗
Related CVEs(same CWE)
Frequently asked(6)
What is CVE-2025-11953?
When was the CVE record for CVE-2025-11953 published?
Is CVE-2025-11953 actively exploited?
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-11953?
Which products are affected by CVE-2025-11953?
How do I remediate CVE-2025-11953?
Dependency Blast Radius
See which npm, PyPI, Go, and Maven packages are affected by CVE-2025-11953
Is Your Infrastructure Affected by CVE-2025-11953?
EchelonGraph automatically scans your cloud infrastructure and maps CVE exposure using blast radius analysis.