CVE-2023-28204

CRITICALNVD 6.59.0
EchelonGraph scoreHIGH confidence

“▲” beside the score: it is higher than NVD's CVSS score.

Score elevated to 9.0 because this CVE is listed on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog (added 2023-05-22), indicating real-world exploitation has been confirmed by US federal agencies. NVD baseline CVSS 6.5 retained for reference. The 9.0 is the floor for confirmed exploitation, not an impact rating: this CVE's impact severity (EG Severity) is CVSS 6.5 MEDIUM under GitHub Security Advisory CVSS. Confidence: HIGH.

Triggered by: CISA KEV (actively exploited)
Sources: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog, EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 4 sources updated this weekExploited in the wild

Also known asEUVD-2023-31912 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-m85j-wjrj-c4rg (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.0EG
EchelonGraph verdictPatch nowTreat as an emergency — this is being exploited.
  • Actively exploited in the wild (CISA-KEV) — the reason this is sooner than the SSVC decision on this page at every mission impact level
CISA-KEV: ExploitedEPSS PROB: 14%CVSS: 6.5Exploit: No code on recordExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

An out-of-bounds read was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in watchOS 9.5, tvOS 16.5, macOS Ventura 13.4, iOS 15.7.6 and iPadOS 15.7.6, Safari 16.5, iOS 16.5 and iPadOS 16.5. Processing web content may disclose sensitive information. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited.

CVSS v3
6.5
EG Score
9.0CRITICALhigh confidence
EG Risk
69
EG Risk 69/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity65% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 6.5 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation100% × 40%
Fixed at 100% for a CISA KEV listing: EchelonGraph's rule.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation active (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
14%
EPSS %ILE
96th
KEV
⚠ Exploited

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.0): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.0 is the CISA KEV floor for confirmed exploitation, not an impact rating: its impact severity (EG Severity) is CVSS 6.5 MEDIUM.

EG Severity
6.5 MEDIUMCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
14% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-01). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
CISA KEV and EG-KEV Tier 1 (exploited in the wild)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 14 days if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation active (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 14 days if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV yes (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

CISA required action“Apply updates per vendor instructions.”

Quoted verbatim from CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. CISA directs it at US federal civilian executive branch agencies under Binding Operational Directive (BOD) 26-04, which replaced BOD 22-01 on 10 June 2026; it is not EchelonGraph's advice. CISA's notes: https://support.apple.com/HT213757 · https://support.apple.com/HT213758 · https://support.apple.com/HT213761 · https://support.apple.com/HT213762 · https://support.apple.com/HT213764 · https://support.apple.com/HT213765 · https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-28204

Published

June 23, 2023

Last Modified

October 23, 2025

Advisory Details (7)

Auto-updated Oct 27, 2026
⚠️ Actively exploited (CISA KEV, CISA Vulnrichment). Patch available.
Web page

About the security content of macOS Ventura 13.4 - Apple Support

https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213758
Web page

About the security content of iOS 16.5 and iPadOS 16.5 - Apple Support

https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213757
Web page

WebKitGTK+: Multiple Vulnerabilities (GLSA 202401-04) — Gentoo security

https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202401-04
Web page

About the security content of iOS 15.7.6 and iPadOS 15.7.6 - Apple Support

https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213765
Web page

About the security content of watchOS 9.5 - Apple Support

https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213764
Web page

About the security content of Safari 16.5 - Apple Support

https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213762
Web page

About the security content of tvOS 16.5 - Apple Support

https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213761

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2023-28204(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(4)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntulibwebkitgtk-6.0-dev (2.40.4-0ubuntu0.23.04.1) @ lunar2026-11-01ubuntu
redhatwebkitgtk4-0:2.48.3-2.el7_92025-07-07redhat
redhatwebkit2gtk3-0:2.38.5-1.el8_8.42023-06-05redhat
redhatwebkit2gtk3-0:2.38.5-1.el9_2.22023-06-05redhat

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(8 across 4 ecosystems)
Debian:11(2)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
webkit2gtk2.32.3-1 ... 2.40.1-1~deb11u1 (86 versions)
  • every version up to 2.40.2-1~deb11u1: fixed in 2.40.2-1~deb11u1
—
wpewebkit2.32.3-2 ... 2.52.5-1 (90 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:12(2)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
webkit2gtk2.40.1-1, 2.40.2-1~deb11u1
  • every version up to 2.40.2-1~deb12u1: fixed in 2.40.2-1~deb12u1
—
wpewebkit2.38.6-1 ... 2.52.6-1 (54 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:13(2)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
webkit2gtk—
  • every version up to 2.40.2-1: fixed in 2.40.2-1
—
wpewebkit—
  • every version up to 2.40.2-2: fixed in 2.40.2-2
—
Debian:14(2)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
webkit2gtk—
  • every version up to 2.40.2-1: fixed in 2.40.2-1
—
wpewebkit—
  • every version up to 2.40.2-2: fixed in 2.40.2-2
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Additional Vendor Advisories

(3)

Vendors that published advisories for this CVE beyond the curated set above. Broader coverage but minimal per-row detail — click through for the original advisory.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 26× in last 7d / 211× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 2,008 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 1,908 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-01 18:58 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-11-01 18:58 UTCVendor advisory
  3. 2026-11-01 18:58 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m85j-wjrj-c4rg · GitHub severity MODERATE · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  4. 2026-10-31 19:35 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-31 19:35 UTCVendor advisory
  6. 2026-10-31 19:34 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m85j-wjrj-c4rg · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  7. 2026-10-31 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 14% · 96th percentile
  8. 2026-10-30 20:10 UTCEG score recompute
  9. 2026-10-30 20:10 UTCVendor advisory
  10. 2026-10-30 20:10 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m85j-wjrj-c4rg · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  11. 2026-10-30 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 14% · 96th percentile
  12. 2026-10-29 20:46 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-10-29 20:46 UTCVendor advisory
  14. 2026-10-29 20:46 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m85j-wjrj-c4rg · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  15. 2026-10-29 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 14% · 96th percentile
  16. 2026-10-28 21:22 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-10-28 21:22 UTCVendor advisory
  18. 2026-10-28 21:22 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m85j-wjrj-c4rg · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  19. 2026-10-28 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 14% · 96th percentile
  20. 2026-10-27 21:56 UTCEG score recompute
  21. 2026-10-27 21:56 UTCVendor advisory
  22. 2026-10-27 21:56 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m85j-wjrj-c4rg · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  23. 2026-10-27 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 14% · 96th percentile
  24. 2026-10-26 22:33 UTCEG score recompute
  25. 2026-10-26 22:33 UTCVendor advisory
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-10-26 22:32 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m85j-wjrj-c4rg · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  2. 2026-10-25 23:06 UTCVendor advisory
  3. 2026-10-25 23:06 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m85j-wjrj-c4rg · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  4. 2026-10-25 17:45 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-25 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 14% · 96th percentile
  6. 2026-10-24 23:42 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-24 23:42 UTCVendor advisory
  8. 2026-10-24 23:42 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m85j-wjrj-c4rg · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  9. 2026-10-24 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 14% · 96th percentile
  10. 2026-10-24 00:17 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-24 00:17 UTCVendor advisory
  12. 2026-10-24 00:17 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m85j-wjrj-c4rg · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  13. 2026-10-23 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 14% · 96th percentile
  14. 2026-10-23 00:52 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-23 00:52 UTCVendor advisory
  16. 2026-10-23 00:52 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m85j-wjrj-c4rg · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  17. 2026-10-22 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 14% · 96th percentile
  18. 2026-10-22 01:28 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-22 01:28 UTCVendor advisory
  20. 2026-10-22 01:28 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m85j-wjrj-c4rg · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  21. 2026-10-21 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 14% · 96th percentile
  22. 2026-10-21 02:04 UTCEG score recompute
  23. 2026-10-21 02:04 UTCVendor advisory
  24. 2026-10-21 02:03 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m85j-wjrj-c4rg · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  25. 2026-10-20 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 14% · 96th percentile
  26. 2026-10-20 02:38 UTCEG score recompute
  27. 2026-10-20 02:38 UTCVendor advisory
  28. 2026-10-20 02:38 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m85j-wjrj-c4rg · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  29. 2026-10-19 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 14% · 96th percentile
  30. 2026-10-19 03:13 UTCEG score recompute
  31. 2026-10-19 03:13 UTCVendor advisory
  32. 2026-10-19 03:13 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m85j-wjrj-c4rg · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  33. 2026-10-18 03:49 UTCEG score recompute
  34. 2026-10-18 03:49 UTCVendor advisory
  35. 2026-10-18 03:49 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m85j-wjrj-c4rg · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  36. 2026-10-17 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 14% · 96th percentile
  37. 2026-10-17 04:24 UTCEG score recompute
  38. 2026-10-17 04:24 UTCVendor advisory
  39. 2026-10-17 04:24 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m85j-wjrj-c4rg · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  40. 2026-10-16 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 14% · 96th percentile
  41. 2026-10-16 04:59 UTCEG score recompute
  42. 2026-10-16 04:59 UTCVendor advisory
  43. 2026-10-16 04:59 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m85j-wjrj-c4rg · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  44. 2026-10-15 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 14% · 96th percentile
  45. 2026-10-15 05:32 UTCEG score recompute
  46. 2026-10-15 05:32 UTCVendor advisory
  47. 2026-10-15 05:31 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m85j-wjrj-c4rg · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  48. 2026-10-14 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 14% · 96th percentile
  49. 2026-10-14 06:07 UTCEG score recompute
  50. 2026-10-14 06:07 UTCVendor advisory
  51. 2026-10-14 06:07 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m85j-wjrj-c4rg · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  52. 2026-10-13 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 14% · 96th percentile
  53. 2026-10-13 06:40 UTCVendor advisory
  54. 2026-10-13 06:40 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m85j-wjrj-c4rg · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  55. 2026-10-12 18:30 UTCEG score recompute
  56. 2026-10-12 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 14% · 96th percentile
  57. 2026-10-12 07:14 UTCVendor advisory
  58. 2026-10-12 07:14 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m85j-wjrj-c4rg · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  59. 2026-10-12 03:20 UTCVendor advisory
  60. 2026-10-12 03:19 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m85j-wjrj-c4rg · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  61. 2026-10-11 23:27 UTCVendor advisory
  62. 2026-10-11 23:27 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m85j-wjrj-c4rg · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  63. 2026-10-11 19:34 UTCEG score recompute
  64. 2026-10-11 19:34 UTCVendor advisory
  65. 2026-10-11 19:34 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m85j-wjrj-c4rg · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  66. 2026-10-11 15:42 UTCEG score recompute
  67. 2026-10-11 15:42 UTCVendor advisory
  68. 2026-10-11 15:42 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m85j-wjrj-c4rg · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  69. 2026-10-11 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 14% · 96th percentile
  70. 2026-10-11 11:49 UTCEG score recompute
  71. 2026-10-11 11:49 UTCVendor advisory
  72. 2026-10-11 11:49 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m85j-wjrj-c4rg · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  73. 2026-10-11 07:57 UTCVendor advisory
  74. 2026-10-11 07:57 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m85j-wjrj-c4rg · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  75. 2026-10-11 04:05 UTCVendor advisory

Frequently asked(6)

What is CVE-2023-28204?
CVE-2023-28204 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on June 23, 2023. An out-of-bounds read was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in watchOS 9.5, tvOS 16.5, macOS Ventura 13.4, iOS 15.7.6 and iPadOS 15.7.6, Safari 16.5, iOS 16.5 and iPadOS 16.5. Processing web content may disclose sensitive information. Apple is aware of a report that this…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2023-28204 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2023-28204 was published on June 23, 2023. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 23, 2025; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2023-28204 actively exploited?
Yes. CISA added CVE-2023-28204 to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on May 22, 2023, affecting Apple Multiple Products. KEV listing indicates confirmed exploitation in the wild; this CVE warrants immediate attention. A fix is available. Apply it.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-28204?
CVE-2023-28204 has a CVSS v3 base score of 6.5 (NVD). EchelonGraph synthesises NVD + CISA KEV + FIRST EPSS + GHSA into a combined EG score of 9.0 (CRITICAL).
Which products are affected by CVE-2023-28204?
CVE-2023-28204 affects Apple Multiple Products. The affected packages EchelonGraph has on record, with version ranges, are listed in the Affected Packages section of this page.
How do I remediate CVE-2023-28204?
A fix for CVE-2023-28204 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2023-28204 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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