An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved checks to prevent unauthorized actions. This issue is fixed in Safari 18.3.1, iOS 15.8.4 and iPadOS 15.8.4, iOS 16.7.11 and iPadOS 16.7.11, iOS 18.3.2 and iPadOS 18.3.2, iPadOS 17.7.6, macOS Sequoia 15.3.2, visionOS 2.3.2, watchOS 11.4. Maliciously crafted web content may be able to break out of Web Content sandbox. This is a supplementary fix for an attack that was blocked in iOS 17.2. (Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been exploited in an extremely sophisticated attack against specific targeted individuals on versions of iOS before iOS 17.2.).
CVE-2025-24201
“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.
Score elevated to 10.0 because this CVE is listed on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog (added 2025-03-13), indicating real-world exploitation has been confirmed by US federal agencies. NVD baseline CVSS 10.0 retained for reference. Confidence: HIGH.
Also known asEUVD-2025-6302 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-2j99-5q75-3f57 (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD
- Actively exploited in the wild (CISA-KEV) — the reason this is sooner than the SSVC decision on this page at low mission impact
A fix is available — apply it.
- CVSS v3
- 10.0
- EG Score
- 10.0CRITICALhigh confidence
- EG Risk
- 100EG Risk 100/100
EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.
How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)Severity100% × 45%Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 10.0 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.Exploitation100% × 40%Fixed at 100% for a CISA KEV listing: EchelonGraph's rule.Automatability100% × 15%CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Attend at low mission impact; Act at medium or high.Exploitation active (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.Action: A fix is available. Apply it sooner than your standard update timelines at low mission impact and as soon as possible at medium or high. - EPSS PROB
- 3.8%
- EPSS %ILE
- 90th
- KEV
- ⚠ Exploited
What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)
The EG score (10.0): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 10.0 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.
- EG Severity
- 10.0 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.NVD CVSS v3 · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
- EG Likelihood
- 3.8% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-01). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
- Confirmed exploitation
- CISA KEV and EG-KEV Tier 1 (exploited in the wild)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
- EG Priority
- SSVC Act at medium mission impactAttend at low mission impact; Act at medium or high.CISA BOD 26-04: 3 days & forensic triage if the affected system is publicly exposed; 3 days & forensic triage if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Attend at low mission impact; Act at medium or high.
A fix is available. Apply it sooner than your standard update timelines at low mission impact and as soon as possible at medium or high.
Exploitation active (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table
BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)3 days & forensic triage if the affected system is publicly exposed; 3 days & forensic triage if it is not.
The score's inputs: In CISA KEV yes (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it
CISA required action“Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.”
Quoted verbatim from CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. CISA directs it at US federal civilian executive branch agencies under Binding Operational Directive (BOD) 26-04, which replaced BOD 22-01 on 10 June 2026; it is not EchelonGraph's advice. CISA's notes: https://support.apple.com/en-us/122281 · https://support.apple.com/en-us/122283 · https://support.apple.com/en-us/122284 · https://support.apple.com/en-us/122285 · https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-24201
Published
March 11, 2025
Last Modified
April 3, 2026
Advisory Details (10)
Auto-updated Nov 1, 2026Full Disclosure: APPLE-SA-03-31-2025-6 iOS 15.8.4 and iPadOS 15.8.4
http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Apr/7Full Disclosure: Re: APPLE-SA-03-11-2025-2 iOS 18.3.2 and iPadOS 18.3.2
http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Apr/16About the security content of watchOS 11.4 - Apple Support
https://support.apple.com/en-us/122376About the security content of iPadOS 17.7.6 - Apple Support
https://support.apple.com/en-us/122372About the security content of iOS 16.7.11 and iPadOS 16.7.11 - Apple Support
https://support.apple.com/en-us/122346About the security content of iOS 15.8.4 and iPadOS 15.8.4 - Apple Support
https://support.apple.com/en-us/122345About the security content of Safari 18.3.1 - Apple Support
https://support.apple.com/en-us/122285About the security content of visionOS 2.3.2 - Apple Support
https://support.apple.com/en-us/122284About the security content of macOS Sequoia 15.3.2 - Apple Support
https://support.apple.com/en-us/122283About the security content of iOS 18.3.2 and iPadOS 18.3.2 - Apple Support
https://support.apple.com/en-us/122281Vendor Advisories for CVE-2025-24201(11)
These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.
- CVE-2025-24201Microsoft Security Response Center (MSRC)
Chromium: CVE-2025-24201 Out of bounds write in GPU on Mac
- RHSA-2025:10364Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: webkitgtk4 security update
- RHSA-2025:3034Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: webkit2gtk3 security update
- RHSA-2025:3005Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: webkit2gtk3 security update
- RHSA-2025:3002Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: webkit2gtk3 security update
- RHSA-2025:3001Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: webkit2gtk3 security update
- RHSA-2025:3000Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: webkit2gtk3 security update
- RHSA-2025:2998Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: webkit2gtk3 security update
- +3 more
Patch Availability(11)
| Vendor / Ecosystem | Fix (by version range) / Patch | Released | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| ubuntu | webkitgtk-webdriver (2.48.0-0ubuntu0.24.10.1) @ oracular | 2026-11-02 | ubuntu |
| redhat | webkitgtk4-0:2.48.3-2.el7_9 | 2025-07-07 | redhat |
| redhat | webkit2gtk3-0:2.46.6-2.el8_6 | 2025-03-19 | redhat |
| redhat | webkit2gtk3-0:2.46.6-2.el9_0 | 2025-03-18 | redhat |
| redhat | webkit2gtk3-0:2.46.6-2.el8_8 | 2025-03-18 | redhat |
| redhat | webkit2gtk3-0:2.46.6-2.el9_4 | 2025-03-18 | redhat |
| redhat | webkit2gtk3-0:2.46.6-2.el8_4 | 2025-03-18 | redhat |
| redhat | webkit2gtk3-0:2.46.6-2.el8_2 | 2025-03-18 | redhat |
| redhat | webkit2gtk3-0:2.46.6-2.el9_2 | 2025-03-18 | redhat |
| redhat | webkit2gtk3-0:2.46.6-2.el8_10 | 2025-03-17 | redhat |
| redhat | webkit2gtk3-0:2.46.6-2.el9_5 | 2025-03-17 | redhat |
Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.
Affected Packages
(9 across 4 ecosystems)
Debian:12(3)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| chromium | 113.0.5672.126-1 ... 134.0.6998.35-3 (198 versions) |
| — |
| webkit2gtk | 2.40.1-1 ... 2.47.90-1 (95 versions) |
| — |
| wpewebkit | 2.38.6-1 ... 2.52.6-1 (54 versions) |
| — |
Debian:11(2)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| webkit2gtk | 2.32.3-1 ... 2.48.2-1 (190 versions) |
| — |
| wpewebkit | 2.32.3-2 ... 2.52.5-1 (90 versions) |
| — |
Debian:13(2)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| webkit2gtk | — |
| — |
| wpewebkit | — |
| — |
Debian:14(2)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| webkit2gtk | — |
| — |
| wpewebkit | — |
| — |
Weakness Classification(1)
MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.
Additional Vendor Advisories
(1)
Vendors that published advisories for this CVE beyond the curated set above. Broader coverage but minimal per-row detail — click through for the original advisory.
Data Freshness Timeline
(refreshed 25× in last 7d / 202× in last 30d)
Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.
Showing the most recent 100 of 1,947 refreshes on record for this CVE.
A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 1,847 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.
- 2026-11-02 01:41 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-11-02 01:41 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-11-02 01:41 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2j99-5q75-3f57 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
- 2026-11-01 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 90th percentile
- 2026-10-31 23:24 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-31 23:24 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-31 23:24 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2j99-5q75-3f57 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
- 2026-10-31 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 90th percentile
- 2026-10-30 21:07 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-30 21:07 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-30 21:07 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2j99-5q75-3f57 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
- 2026-10-30 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 90th percentile
- 2026-10-29 18:50 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-29 18:50 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-29 18:50 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2j99-5q75-3f57 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
- 2026-10-29 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 90th percentile
- 2026-10-28 16:33 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-28 16:33 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-28 16:32 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2j99-5q75-3f57 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
- 2026-10-28 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 90th percentile
- 2026-10-27 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 90th percentile
- 2026-10-27 14:13 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-27 14:13 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-27 14:13 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2j99-5q75-3f57 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
- 2026-10-26 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 90th percentile
Show 75 moreShow fewer
- 2026-10-26 11:56 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-26 11:56 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2j99-5q75-3f57 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
- 2026-10-25 16:40 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-25 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 90th percentile
- 2026-10-25 09:38 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-25 09:38 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-25 09:38 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2j99-5q75-3f57 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
- 2026-10-24 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 90th percentile
- 2026-10-24 07:21 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-24 07:21 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-24 07:21 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2j99-5q75-3f57 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
- 2026-10-23 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 90th percentile
- 2026-10-23 05:03 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-23 05:03 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-23 05:03 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2j99-5q75-3f57 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
- 2026-10-22 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 90th percentile
- 2026-10-22 02:44 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-22 02:44 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-22 02:43 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2j99-5q75-3f57 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
- 2026-10-21 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 90th percentile
- 2026-10-21 00:26 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-21 00:26 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-21 00:26 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2j99-5q75-3f57 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
- 2026-10-20 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 90th percentile
- 2026-10-19 22:08 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-19 22:08 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-19 22:08 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2j99-5q75-3f57 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
- 2026-10-19 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 90th percentile
- 2026-10-18 19:48 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-18 19:48 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-18 19:48 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2j99-5q75-3f57 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
- 2026-10-18 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 90th percentile
- 2026-10-18 05:44 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-17 17:31 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-17 17:31 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-17 17:31 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2j99-5q75-3f57 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
- 2026-10-17 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 90th percentile
- 2026-10-16 16:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 89th percentile
- 2026-10-16 15:12 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-16 15:12 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-16 15:12 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2j99-5q75-3f57 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
- 2026-10-15 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 89th percentile
- 2026-10-15 12:53 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-15 12:53 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-15 12:53 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2j99-5q75-3f57 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
- 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 89th percentile
- 2026-10-14 10:34 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-14 10:34 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-14 10:34 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2j99-5q75-3f57 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
- 2026-10-13 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 89th percentile
- 2026-10-13 08:15 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-13 08:15 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2j99-5q75-3f57 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
- 2026-10-12 17:17 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-12 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 89th percentile
- 2026-10-12 05:58 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-12 05:58 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2j99-5q75-3f57 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
- 2026-10-12 01:48 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-12 01:48 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2j99-5q75-3f57 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
- 2026-10-11 21:38 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-11 21:38 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2j99-5q75-3f57 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
- 2026-10-11 20:48 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 17:28 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 17:28 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-11 17:28 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2j99-5q75-3f57 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
- 2026-10-11 15:37 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.8% · 89th percentile
- 2026-10-11 13:15 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 13:15 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-11 13:14 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2j99-5q75-3f57 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
- 2026-10-11 09:05 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-11 09:05 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2j99-5q75-3f57 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
- 2026-10-11 04:54 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-11 04:54 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2j99-5q75-3f57 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
- 2026-10-11 00:45 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-11 00:44 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2j99-5q75-3f57 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
Publicly available exploits
(2 references)Public exploit code is referenced for this CVE (2 GitHub PoCs). Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly.
- GitHub PoC5ky9uy/glass-cage-i18-2025-24085-and-cve-2025-24201Published Aug 30, 2025
Glass Cage is a zero-click PNG-based RCE chain in iOS 18.2.1, exploiting WebKit (CVE-2025-24201) and Core Media (CVE-2025-24085) to achieve sandbox escape, kernel-level access, and device bricking. Triggered via iMessage, it enables full compromise with no user interaction.
Open source ↗ - GitHub PoCThe-Maxu/CVE-2025-24201-WebKit-Vulnerability-Detector-PoC-Published Jul 11, 2025
CVE-2025-24201 WebKit Vulnerability Detector (PoC)
Open source ↗
Related CVEs(same product + same vendor + same CWE)
Same product
10 shownDebian:11:wpewebkit
- CVE-2020-13753EG 10.0CRITICAL
- CVE-2025-43343EG 9.8CRITICAL
- CVE-2025-43342EG 9.8CRITICAL
- CVE-2025-30427NVD 4.3EG 9.8CRITICAL
- CVE-2025-24264EG 9.8CRITICAL
- CVE-2025-24162NVD 6.5EG 9.8CRITICAL
- CVE-2024-54534EG 9.8CRITICAL
- CVE-2024-40782NVD 6.5EG 9.8CRITICAL
- CVE-2023-40414EG 9.8CRITICAL
- CVE-2023-41993NVD 8.8EG 9.8 KEVEPSS p98CRITICAL
Same vendor
10 shownredhat:RHSA-2025:10364
- CVE-2024-54467EG 6.5MEDIUM
- CVE-2024-44192EG 6.5MEDIUM
- CVE-2025-30427NVD 4.3EG 9.8CRITICAL
- CVE-2025-24264EG 9.8CRITICAL
- CVE-2025-24162NVD 6.5EG 9.8CRITICAL
- CVE-2024-54534EG 9.8CRITICAL
- CVE-2024-40782NVD 6.5EG 9.8CRITICAL
- CVE-2023-40414EG 9.8CRITICAL
- CVE-2023-41993NVD 8.8EG 9.8 KEVEPSS p98CRITICAL
- CVE-2023-40397EG 9.8CRITICAL
Frequently asked(6)
What is CVE-2025-24201?
When was the CVE record for CVE-2025-24201 published?
Is CVE-2025-24201 actively exploited?
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-24201?
Which products are affected by CVE-2025-24201?
How do I remediate CVE-2025-24201?
Dependency Blast Radius
See which npm, PyPI, Go, and Maven packages are affected by CVE-2025-24201
Is Your Infrastructure Affected by CVE-2025-24201?
EchelonGraph automatically scans your cloud infrastructure and maps CVE exposure using blast radius analysis.