Wasmtime is an open source runtime for WebAssembly & WASI. In Wasmtime from version 0.26.0 and before version 0.30.0 is affected by a memory unsoundness vulnerability. There was an invalid free and out-of-bounds read and write bug when running Wasm that uses externrefs in Wasmtime. To trigger this bug, Wasmtime needs to be running Wasm that uses externrefs, the host creates non-null externrefs, Wasmtime performs a garbage collection (GC), and there has to be a Wasm frame on the stack that is at a GC safepoint where there are no live references at this safepoint, and there is a safepoint with live references earlier in this frame's function. Under this scenario, Wasmtime would incorrectly use the GC stack map for the safepoint from earlier in the function instead of the empty safepoint. This would result in Wasmtime treating arbitrary stack slots as externrefs that needed to be rooted for GC. At the *next* GC, it would be determined that nothing was referencing these bogus externrefs (because nothing could ever reference them, because they are not really externrefs) and then Wasmtime would deallocate them and run ::drop on them. This results in a free of memory that is not necessarily on the heap (and shouldn't be freed at this moment even if it was), as well as potential out-of-bounds reads and writes. Even though support for externrefs (via the reference types proposal) is enabled by default, unless you are creating non-null externrefs in your host code or explicitly triggering GCs, you cannot be affected by this bug. We have reason to believe that the effective impact of this bug is relatively small because usage of externref is currently quite rare. This bug has been patched and users should upgrade to Wasmtime version 0.30.0. If you cannot upgrade Wasmtime at this time, you can avoid this bug by disabling the reference types proposal by passing false to wasmtime::Config::wasm_reference_types.
CVE-2021-39218
“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.
Score 6.3 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: MODERATE) published 2021-09-20. NVD baseline CVSS 6.3; sources differ by 0.0.
Also known asEUVD-2021-0464 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-4873-36h9-wv49 (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD
- Lower severity and no public exploit yet
A fix is available — apply it.
- CVSS v3
- 6.3
- EG Score
- 6.3MEDIUMmedium confidence
- EG Risk
- 28EG Risk 28/100
EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.
How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)Severity63% × 45%Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 6.3 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.Exploitation0.3% × 40%FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.Automatability0% × 15%CISA's BOD 26-04 default: no one has published Automatable for this CVE, and CISA treats it as “no” for a CVE not in KEV.SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).Exploitation none (no CISA value, KEV listing or exploit code on record) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). EchelonGraph holds no SSVC assessment of this CVE from CISA: none of these inputs is from Vulnrichment. EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines. - EPSS PROB
- 0.3%
- EPSS %ILE
- 22nd
- KEV
- Not listed
What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)
The EG score (6.3): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 6.3 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.
- EG Severity
- 6.3 MEDIUMCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
- EG Likelihood
- 0.3% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-31). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
- Confirmed exploitation
- None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
- EG Priority
- SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
Exploitation none (no CISA value, KEV listing or exploit code on record) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). EchelonGraph holds no SSVC assessment of this CVE from CISA: none of these inputs is from Vulnrichment. EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table
BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.
The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). Where an input reads “CISA's BOD 26-04 default”, no one has published it for this CVE, and CISA's implementation guidance says: “If “Automatable” and “Technical Impact” information items about a CVE ID are not available and the CVE ID is not in the KEV Catalog, CISA will treat its values as “no” and “total,” respectively, until CISA or a third party provides metadata about the CVE ID. CISA will always provide the Vulnrichment data for a CVE ID listed in the KEV Catalog.” Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it
Published
September 17, 2021
Last Modified
November 21, 2024
References (5)
- security-advisories@github · CVE Programhttps://crates.io/crates/wasmtimeProduct · Third Party Advisory
- security-advisories@github · CVE Programhttps://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/commit/398a73f0dd862dbe703212ebae8e34036a18c11cPatch · Third Party Advisory
- security-advisories@github · CVE Programhttps://github.com/bytecodealliance/wasmtime/security/advisories/GHSA-4873-36h9-wv49Third Party Advisory
- security-advisories@github · CVE Programhttps://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/WAVBRYDDUIY2ZR3K3FO4BVYJKIMJ5TP7/
- security-advisories@github · CVE Programhttps://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/Z2Z33FTXFQ6EOINVEQIP4DFBG53G5XIY/
Patch Availability(2)
| Vendor / Ecosystem | Fix (by version range) / Patch | Released | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| pip | wasmtime @ 0.30.0 (fixes >= 0.26.0, < 0.30.0) | — | ghsa |
| rust | wasmtime @ 0.30.0 (fixes >= 0.26.0, < 0.30.0) | — | ghsa |
Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.
Affected Packages
(2 across 2 ecosystems)
crates.io(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| wasmtime | — |
| — |
PyPI(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| wasmtime | 0.26.0, 0.27.0, 0.28.0, 0.28.1, 0.29.0 |
| — |
Weakness Classification(3)
MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.
Data Freshness Timeline
(refreshed 9× in last 7d / 38× in last 30d)
Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.
Showing the most recent 95 of 212 refreshes on record for this CVE.
A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 5 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 117 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.
- 2026-11-02 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
- 2026-11-01 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
- 2026-11-01 08:31 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4873-36h9-wv49 · GitHub severity MODERATE · GitHub CVSS 6.3
- 2026-11-01 08:31 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-31 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
- 2026-10-30 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
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- 2026-10-25 18:23 UTCEG score recompute
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- 2026-10-24 22:48 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-24 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
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- 2026-10-18 08:55 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-18 00:25 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-10-17 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
- 2026-10-16 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
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- 2026-10-14 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
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- 2026-10-12 19:11 UTCEG score recompute
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- 2026-10-11 23:37 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 13:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
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- 2026-10-01 19:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
- 2026-09-30 15:40 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-09-30 15:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
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- 2026-09-28 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
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- 2026-09-25 17:15 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-09-24 14:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
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- 2026-09-06 07:52 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-09-05 15:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
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- 2026-08-19 18:28 UTCOSV refresh
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Related CVEs(same product + same CWE)
Same product
10 shownPyPI:wasmtime · crates.io:wasmtime
Same CWE
10 shownCWE-787 · CWE-125
- CVE-2021-38406NVD 7.8EG 9.0 KEVEPSS p100CRITICAL
- CVE-2021-39275EG 9.8EPSS p99CRITICAL
- CVE-2021-36160NVD 7.5EG 8.4EPSS p99HIGH
- CVE-2021-40156EG 7.8HIGH
- CVE-2021-40155EG 7.8HIGH
- CVE-2021-38653EG 7.8EPSS p94HIGH
- CVE-2021-3778EG 7.8HIGH
- CVE-2021-3751EG 9.8CRITICAL
- CVE-2021-39518EG 6.5MEDIUM
- CVE-2021-39522EG 8.8HIGH
Frequently asked(5)
What is CVE-2021-39218?
When was the CVE record for CVE-2021-39218 published?
Is CVE-2021-39218 actively exploited?
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2021-39218?
How do I remediate CVE-2021-39218?
Dependency Blast Radius
See which npm, PyPI, Go, and Maven packages are affected by CVE-2021-39218
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