CVE-2026-23941

CRITICALNVD 9.49.4
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

This critical-severity CVE scores 9.4 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.5% (41st percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from NVD CVSS v3
Sources: EPSS, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 3 sources updated this week

Also known asEUVD-2026-11776 (ENISA EUVD)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.4EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.5%CVSS: 9.4Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request Smuggling') vulnerability in Erlang OTP (inets httpd module) allows HTTP Request Smuggling.

This vulnerability is associated with program files lib/inets/src/http_server/httpd_request.erl and program routines httpd_request:parse_headers/7.

The server does not reject or normalize duplicate Content-Length headers. The earliest Content-Length in the request is used for body parsing while common reverse proxies (nginx, Apache httpd, Envoy) honor the last Content-Length value. This violates RFC 9112 Section 6.3 and allows front-end/back-end desynchronization, leaving attacker-controlled bytes queued as the start of the next request.

This issue affects OTP from OTP 17.0 before OTP 28.4.1, OTP 27.3.4.9 and OTP 26.2.5.18, corresponding to inets from 5.10 before 9.6.1, 9.3.2.3 and 9.1.0.5.

CVSS v3
9.4
EG Score
9.4CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
42
EG Risk 42/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity94% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.4 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.5% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at every mission impact level.
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.5%
EPSS %ILE
41st
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.4): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.4 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
9.4 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.NVD CVSS v3 · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
EG Likelihood
0.5% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-01). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at every mission impact level.CISA BOD 26-04: 60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at every mission impact level.

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

March 13, 2026

Last Modified

July 24, 2026

Advisory Details (7)

Auto-updated Oct 2, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github_commit, github.
Web page

Versions — Erlang System Documentation v29.1.1

https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#order-of-versions
Web page

OSV - Open Source Vulnerabilities

https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-23941
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

Request smuggling via first-wins Content-Length parsing in inets httpd · Advisory · erlang/otp · GitHub

https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-w4jc-9wpv-pqh7
GitHub commit

commit e775a332f623 (erlang/otp)

Fix landed in erlang/otp commit e775a332f623 — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/e775a332f623851385ab6ddb866d9b150612ddf6
GitHub commit

commit a761d391d8d0 (erlang/otp)

Fix landed in erlang/otp commit a761d391d8d0 — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/a761d391d8d08316cbd7d4a86733ba932b73c45b
GitHub commit

commit a4b46336fd25 (erlang/otp)

Fix landed in erlang/otp commit a4b46336fd25 — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/a4b46336fd25aa100ac602eb9a627aaead7eda18

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-23941(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(1)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntuerlang-xmerl (1:20.2.2+dfsg-1ubuntu2+esm3) @ bionic2026-11-02ubuntu

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(4 across 4 ecosystems)
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
erlang1:23.2.6+dfsg-1, 1:23.2.6+dfsg-1+deb11u1, 1:23.2.6+dfsg-1+deb11u2, 1:23.2.6+dfsg-1+deb11u3
  • every version up to 1:23.2.6+dfsg-1+deb11u4: fixed in 1:23.2.6+dfsg-1+deb11u4
—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
erlang1:25.2.3+dfsg-1, 1:25.2.3+dfsg-1+deb12u1, 1:25.2.3+dfsg-1+deb12u2, 1:25.2.3+dfsg-1+deb12u3
  • every version up to 1:25.2.3+dfsg-1+deb12u4: fixed in 1:25.2.3+dfsg-1+deb12u4
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
erlang1:27.3.4.1+dfsg-1, 1:27.3.4.1+dfsg-1+deb13u1
  • every version up to 1:27.3.4.1+dfsg-1+deb13u2: fixed in 1:27.3.4.1+dfsg-1+deb13u2
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
erlang1:27.3.4.1+dfsg-1, 1:27.3.4.3+dfsg-1, 1:27.3.4.4+dfsg-1, 1:27.3.4.6+dfsg-1, 1:27.3.4.8+dfsg-1
  • every version up to 1:27.3.4.9+dfsg-1: fixed in 1:27.3.4.9+dfsg-1
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Additional Vendor Advisories

(1)

Vendors that published advisories for this CVE beyond the curated set above. Broader coverage but minimal per-row detail — click through for the original advisory.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 20× in last 7d / 76× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 99 of 313 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 1 repeat row among the latest 100 is merged into the row it repeats. The 214 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-02 16:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  2. 2026-11-02 15:38 UTCVendor advisory
  3. 2026-11-01 17:03 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-11-01 17:03 UTCVendor advisory
  5. 2026-11-01 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  6. 2026-10-31 18:27 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-31 18:27 UTCVendor advisory
  8. 2026-10-31 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  9. 2026-10-30 19:40 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-10-30 19:40 UTCVendor advisory
  11. 2026-10-30 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  12. 2026-10-29 20:57 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-10-29 20:57 UTCVendor advisory
  14. 2026-10-29 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  15. 2026-10-28 22:22 UTCEG score recompute
  16. 2026-10-28 22:22 UTCVendor advisory
  17. 2026-10-28 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  18. 2026-10-27 23:48 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-27 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  20. 2026-10-27 01:11 UTCEG score recompute
  21. 2026-10-26 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  22. 2026-10-25 22:48 UTCEG score recompute
  23. 2026-10-25 22:48 UTCVendor advisory
  24. 2026-10-25 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  25. 2026-10-25 14:41 UTCEG score recompute
Show 74 more
  1. 2026-10-25 00:13 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-10-25 00:13 UTCVendor advisory
  3. 2026-10-24 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  4. 2026-10-24 01:39 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-24 01:39 UTCVendor advisory
  6. 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  7. 2026-10-23 03:04 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-23 03:04 UTCVendor advisory
  9. 2026-10-22 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  10. 2026-10-22 04:28 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-22 04:28 UTCVendor advisory
  12. 2026-10-21 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  13. 2026-10-21 05:48 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-21 05:48 UTCVendor advisory
  15. 2026-10-20 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  16. 2026-10-20 07:13 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-10-20 07:13 UTCVendor advisory
  18. 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  19. 2026-10-19 08:36 UTCEG score recompute
  20. 2026-10-19 08:36 UTCVendor advisory
  21. 2026-10-18 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  22. 2026-10-18 09:56 UTCVendor advisory
  23. 2026-10-18 03:54 UTCEG score recompute
  24. 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  25. 2026-10-17 06:28 UTCEG score recompute
  26. 2026-10-16 16:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  27. 2026-10-16 07:52 UTCEG score recompute
  28. 2026-10-16 07:52 UTCVendor advisory
  29. 2026-10-15 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  30. 2026-10-15 06:53 UTCEG score recompute
  31. 2026-10-15 06:53 UTCVendor advisory
  32. 2026-10-14 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  33. 2026-10-14 02:39 UTCEG score recompute
  34. 2026-10-13 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  35. 2026-10-12 22:50 UTCEG score recompute
  36. 2026-10-12 22:50 UTCVendor advisory
  37. 2026-10-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  38. 2026-10-12 16:20 UTCEG score recompute
  39. 2026-10-12 09:14 UTCVendor advisory
  40. 2026-10-11 20:02 UTCEG score recompute
  41. 2026-10-11 17:15 UTCEG score recompute
  42. 2026-10-11 14:47 UTCEG score recompute
  43. 2026-10-11 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  44. 2026-10-11 11:47 UTCOSV refresh
  45. 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  46. 2026-10-09 20:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 37th percentile
  47. 2026-10-08 17:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 37th percentile
  48. 2026-10-07 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 37th percentile
  49. 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 37th percentile
  50. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 37th percentile
  51. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 37th percentile
  52. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 37th percentile
  53. 2026-09-30 15:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 36th percentile
  54. 2026-09-29 15:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 36th percentile
  55. 2026-09-28 13:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 36th percentile
  56. 2026-09-27 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 36th percentile
  57. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 36th percentile
  58. 2026-09-26 00:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 36th percentile
  59. 2026-09-24 14:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 36th percentile
  60. 2026-09-21 23:46 UTCOSV refresh
  61. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  62. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  63. 2026-09-16 14:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  64. 2026-09-16 05:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  65. 2026-09-13 16:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  66. 2026-09-12 15:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  67. 2026-09-11 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  68. 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  69. 2026-09-08 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 37th percentile
  70. 2026-09-07 16:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 37th percentile
  71. 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 37th percentile
  72. 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  73. 2026-09-02 19:10 UTCOSV refresh
  74. 2026-09-02 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-23941?
CVE-2026-23941 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on March 13, 2026. Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request Smuggling') vulnerability in Erlang OTP (inets httpd module) allows HTTP Request Smuggling. This vulnerability is associated with program files lib/inets/src/http_server/httpd_request.erl and program routines httpd_request:parse_headers/7.…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-23941 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-23941 was published on March 13, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of July 24, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-23941 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-23941 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.5% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (41st percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-23941?
CVE-2026-23941 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.4 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-23941?
A fix for CVE-2026-23941 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2026-23941 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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