The brace-expansion library generates arbitrary strings containing a common prefix and suffix. Prior to 1.1.21, 2.1.7, 3.0.9, and 5.0.12, the expand function handles untrusted {a},b}-shaped patterns with many trailing closing braces by restarting its scan once for each trailing closing brace. The successive full-input rescans with linear working-string growth cause quadratic CPU time and memory pressure that can block the Node.js event loop. The process eventually recovers, making the impact a recoverable CPU denial of service. This issue is fixed in versions 1.1.21, 2.1.7, 3.0.9, and 5.0.12.
CVE-2026-102277
“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.
Score 5.3 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: MODERATE) published 2026-09-29. A secondary CVSS source baseline 5.3; sources differ by 0.0.
Also known asEUVD-2026-88551 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-q2hr-2g5m-vwhr (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD
- Lower severity and no public exploit yet
A fix is available — apply it.
- CVSS v3
- 5.3
- EG Score
- 5.3MEDIUMmedium confidence
- EG Risk
- 39EG Risk 39/100
EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.
How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)Severity53% × 45%Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 5.3 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.Exploitation0.4% × 40%FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.Automatability100% × 15%CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high. - EPSS PROB
- 0.4%
- EPSS %ILE
- 37th
- KEV
- Not listed
What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)
The EG score (5.3): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 5.3 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.
- EG Severity
- 5.3 MEDIUMCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
- EG Likelihood
- 0.4% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-31). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
- Confirmed exploitation
- None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
- EG Priority
- SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).
A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table
BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.
The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it
Published
September 28, 2026
Last Modified
September 30, 2026
Advisory Details (5)
Auto-updated Sep 28, 2026commit ffdfa3e3806b (juliangruber/brace-expansion)
Fix landed in juliangruber/brace-expansion commit ffdfa3e3806b — awaiting tagged release
https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/ffdfa3e3806bed17c0874b8f1439b084de354a7ecommit c55e67d8d8b1 (juliangruber/brace-expansion)
Fix landed in juliangruber/brace-expansion commit c55e67d8d8b1 — awaiting tagged release
https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/c55e67d8d8b1c56a2474afff15c2891166b2d364commit bdff773f98e5 (juliangruber/brace-expansion)
Fix landed in juliangruber/brace-expansion commit bdff773f98e5 — awaiting tagged release
https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/bdff773f98e5988616b7039cc9b508df5d640b22commit 33a5ef17b8d8 (juliangruber/brace-expansion)
Fix landed in juliangruber/brace-expansion commit 33a5ef17b8d8 — awaiting tagged release
https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/33a5ef17b8d800bbfa8c52b14c39043b6aac1a96Quadratic-time expansion of the `{a},b}` rewrite causes CPU denial of service · Advisory · juliangruber/brace-expansion · GitHub
https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/security/advisories/GHSA-q2hr-2g5m-vwhrVendor Advisories for CVE-2026-102277(7)
These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.
- RHSA-2026:92378Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: nodejs:24 security, bug fix, and enhancement update
- RHSA-2026:92376Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: nodejs:24 security, bug fix, and enhancement update
- CVE-2026-102277Microsoft Security Response Center (MSRC)Medium
brace-expansion: Quadratic-time expansion of the `{a},b}` rewrite causes CPU denial of service
- RHSA-2026:74168Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat Hardened Images RPMs bug fix and enhancement update
- RHSA-2026:74167Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat Hardened Images RPMs Security Update
- RHSA-2026:74161Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat Hardened Images RPMs bug fix and enhancement update
- GHSA-q2hr-2g5m-vwhrGitHub Security AdvisoriesMedium
brace-expansion: Quadratic-time expansion of the `{a},b}` rewrite causes CPU denial of service
Patch Availability(7)
| Vendor / Ecosystem | Fix (by version range) / Patch | Released | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| redhat | nodejs22-main-22.23.3-2.3.2.2.hum1 | 2026-09-30 | redhat |
| redhat | nodejs24-main-24.21.0-1.2.hum1 | 2026-09-30 | redhat |
| redhat | nodejs26-main-26.10.0-0.3.hum1 | 2026-09-30 | redhat |
| npm | brace-expansion @ 5.0.12 (fixes >= 4.0.0, < 5.0.12) | — | ghsa |
| npm | brace-expansion @ 3.0.9 (fixes >= 3.0.0, < 3.0.9) | — | ghsa |
| npm | brace-expansion @ 2.1.7 (fixes >= 2.0.0, < 2.1.7) | — | ghsa |
| npm | brace-expansion @ 1.1.21 (fixes < 1.1.21) | — | ghsa |
Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.
Affected Packages
(4 across 4 ecosystems)
Debian:12(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| node-brace-expansion | 2.0.1+~1.1.0-1 ... 2.1.7+~1.1.2-1 (8 versions) |
| — |
Debian:13(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| node-brace-expansion | 2.0.1+~1.1.0-2 ... 2.1.7+~1.1.2-1 (6 versions) |
| — |
Debian:14(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| node-brace-expansion | 2.0.1+~1.1.0-2, 2.0.3+~1.1.2-1, 2.0.3+~1.1.2-2, 2.0.3+~1.1.2-3, 2.1.4+~1.1.2-1 |
| — |
npm(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| brace-expansion | — |
| — |
Weakness Classification(2)
MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.
Data Freshness Timeline
(refreshed 10× in last 7d / 53× in last 30d)
Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.
- 2026-11-01 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
- 2026-11-01 08:00 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-q2hr-2g5m-vwhr · GitHub severity MODERATE · GitHub CVSS 5.3
- 2026-11-01 08:00 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-31 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
- 2026-10-31 12:25 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-10-30 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
- 2026-10-29 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
- 2026-10-28 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
- 2026-10-27 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
- 2026-10-26 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
- 2026-10-25 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
- 2026-10-25 14:56 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-24 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
- 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
- 2026-10-23 09:29 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-23 09:29 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-22 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
- 2026-10-21 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
- 2026-10-20 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
- 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
- 2026-10-18 05:10 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
- 2026-10-16 16:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
- 2026-10-15 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
- 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
Show 41 moreShow fewer
- 2026-10-13 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
- 2026-10-12 16:41 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
- 2026-10-11 20:16 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 16:52 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 16:52 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-11 15:02 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
- 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
- 2026-10-10 14:50 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-10 14:50 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
- 2026-10-09 12:46 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-09 12:46 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-08 17:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
- 2026-10-08 10:45 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-08 10:45 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-07 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
- 2026-10-07 08:27 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-07 08:27 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
- 2026-10-06 06:14 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-06 06:14 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
- 2026-10-05 04:12 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-04 02:10 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-04 02:10 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
- 2026-10-03 00:08 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-03 00:08 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-01 22:06 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-01 22:06 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
- 2026-09-30 20:02 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-09-30 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
- 2026-09-29 20:31 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-09-29 19:44 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-09-29 15:20 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
- 2026-09-28 21:18 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-09-28 21:03 UTCEG score recomputeFirst assessed: 5.3 MEDIUM
- 2026-09-28 21:02 UTCMITRE cvelistV5first tracked
Related CVEs(same product + same vendor + same CWE)
Same product
10 shownDebian:12:node-brace-expansion · npm:brace-expansion
Frequently asked(5)
What is CVE-2026-102277?
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-102277 published?
Is CVE-2026-102277 actively exploited?
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-102277?
How do I remediate CVE-2026-102277?
Dependency Blast Radius
See which npm, PyPI, Go, and Maven packages are affected by CVE-2026-102277
Is Your Infrastructure Affected by CVE-2026-102277?
EchelonGraph automatically scans your cloud infrastructure and maps CVE exposure using blast radius analysis.