CVE-2026-102277

MEDIUMPre-NVD 5.35.3
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.

Score 5.3 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: MODERATE) published 2026-09-29. A secondary CVSS source baseline 5.3; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, a secondary CVSS source
Trending — 4 sources updated this week

Also known asEUVD-2026-88551 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-q2hr-2g5m-vwhr (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

5.3EG
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.4%CVSS: 5.3Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

The brace-expansion library generates arbitrary strings containing a common prefix and suffix. Prior to 1.1.21, 2.1.7, 3.0.9, and 5.0.12, the expand function handles untrusted {a},b}-shaped patterns with many trailing closing braces by restarting its scan once for each trailing closing brace. The successive full-input rescans with linear working-string growth cause quadratic CPU time and memory pressure that can block the Node.js event loop. The process eventually recovers, making the impact a recoverable CPU denial of service. This issue is fixed in versions 1.1.21, 2.1.7, 3.0.9, and 5.0.12.

CVSS v3
5.3
EG Score
5.3MEDIUMmedium confidence
EG Risk
39
EG Risk 39/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity53% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 5.3 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.4% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
0.4%
EPSS %ILE
37th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (5.3): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 5.3 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
5.3 MEDIUMCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.4% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-31). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

September 28, 2026

Last Modified

September 30, 2026

Advisory Details (5)

Auto-updated Sep 28, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github, github_commit.
GitHub commit

commit ffdfa3e3806b (juliangruber/brace-expansion)

Fix landed in juliangruber/brace-expansion commit ffdfa3e3806b — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/ffdfa3e3806bed17c0874b8f1439b084de354a7e
GitHub commit

commit c55e67d8d8b1 (juliangruber/brace-expansion)

Fix landed in juliangruber/brace-expansion commit c55e67d8d8b1 — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/c55e67d8d8b1c56a2474afff15c2891166b2d364
GitHub commit

commit bdff773f98e5 (juliangruber/brace-expansion)

Fix landed in juliangruber/brace-expansion commit bdff773f98e5 — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/bdff773f98e5988616b7039cc9b508df5d640b22
GitHub commit

commit 33a5ef17b8d8 (juliangruber/brace-expansion)

Fix landed in juliangruber/brace-expansion commit 33a5ef17b8d8 — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/33a5ef17b8d800bbfa8c52b14c39043b6aac1a96
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

Quadratic-time expansion of the `{a},b}` rewrite causes CPU denial of service · Advisory · juliangruber/brace-expansion · GitHub

https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/security/advisories/GHSA-q2hr-2g5m-vwhr

Patch Availability(7)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
redhatnodejs22-main-22.23.3-2.3.2.2.hum12026-09-30redhat
redhatnodejs24-main-24.21.0-1.2.hum12026-09-30redhat
redhatnodejs26-main-26.10.0-0.3.hum12026-09-30redhat
npmbrace-expansion @ 5.0.12 (fixes >= 4.0.0, < 5.0.12)—ghsa
npmbrace-expansion @ 3.0.9 (fixes >= 3.0.0, < 3.0.9)—ghsa
npmbrace-expansion @ 2.1.7 (fixes >= 2.0.0, < 2.1.7)—ghsa
npmbrace-expansion @ 1.1.21 (fixes < 1.1.21)—ghsa

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(4 across 4 ecosystems)
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
node-brace-expansion2.0.1+~1.1.0-1 ... 2.1.7+~1.1.2-1 (8 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
node-brace-expansion2.0.1+~1.1.0-2 ... 2.1.7+~1.1.2-1 (6 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
node-brace-expansion2.0.1+~1.1.0-2, 2.0.3+~1.1.2-1, 2.0.3+~1.1.2-2, 2.0.3+~1.1.2-3, 2.1.4+~1.1.2-1
  • every version up to 2.1.7+~1.1.2-1: fixed in 2.1.7+~1.1.2-1
—
npm(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
brace-expansion—
  • 4.0.0 up to 5.0.12: fixed in 5.0.12
  • 3.0.0 up to 3.0.9: fixed in 3.0.9
  • 2.0.0 up to 2.1.7: fixed in 2.1.7
  • every version up to 1.1.21: fixed in 1.1.21
—

Weakness Classification(2)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 10× in last 7d / 53× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

  1. 2026-11-01 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  2. 2026-11-01 08:00 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-q2hr-2g5m-vwhr · GitHub severity MODERATE · GitHub CVSS 5.3
  3. 2026-11-01 08:00 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-10-31 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  5. 2026-10-31 12:25 UTCOSV refresh
  6. 2026-10-30 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  7. 2026-10-29 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  8. 2026-10-28 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  9. 2026-10-27 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  10. 2026-10-26 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  11. 2026-10-25 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  12. 2026-10-25 14:56 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-10-24 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
  14. 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
  15. 2026-10-23 09:29 UTCEG score recompute
  16. 2026-10-23 09:29 UTCVendor advisory
  17. 2026-10-22 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
  18. 2026-10-21 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
  19. 2026-10-20 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
  20. 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
  21. 2026-10-18 05:10 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
  23. 2026-10-16 16:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
  24. 2026-10-15 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
  25. 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
Show 41 more
  1. 2026-10-13 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
  2. 2026-10-12 16:41 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-10-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
  4. 2026-10-11 20:16 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-11 16:52 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-10-11 16:52 UTCVendor advisory
  7. 2026-10-11 15:02 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
  9. 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
  10. 2026-10-10 14:50 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-10 14:50 UTCVendor advisory
  12. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  13. 2026-10-09 12:46 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-09 12:46 UTCVendor advisory
  15. 2026-10-08 17:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  16. 2026-10-08 10:45 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-10-08 10:45 UTCVendor advisory
  18. 2026-10-07 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  19. 2026-10-07 08:27 UTCEG score recompute
  20. 2026-10-07 08:27 UTCVendor advisory
  21. 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  22. 2026-10-06 06:14 UTCEG score recompute
  23. 2026-10-06 06:14 UTCVendor advisory
  24. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  25. 2026-10-05 04:12 UTCVendor advisory
  26. 2026-10-04 02:10 UTCEG score recompute
  27. 2026-10-04 02:10 UTCVendor advisory
  28. 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  29. 2026-10-03 00:08 UTCEG score recompute
  30. 2026-10-03 00:08 UTCVendor advisory
  31. 2026-10-01 22:06 UTCEG score recompute
  32. 2026-10-01 22:06 UTCVendor advisory
  33. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  34. 2026-09-30 20:02 UTCEG score recompute
  35. 2026-09-30 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  36. 2026-09-29 20:31 UTCEG score recompute
  37. 2026-09-29 19:44 UTCEG score recompute
  38. 2026-09-29 15:20 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  39. 2026-09-28 21:18 UTCEG score recompute
  40. 2026-09-28 21:03 UTCEG score recomputeFirst assessed: 5.3 MEDIUM
  41. 2026-09-28 21:02 UTCMITRE cvelistV5first tracked

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-102277?
CVE-2026-102277 is a medium-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on September 28, 2026. The brace-expansion library generates arbitrary strings containing a common prefix and suffix. Prior to 1.1.21, 2.1.7, 3.0.9, and 5.0.12, the expand function handles untrusted {a},b}-shaped patterns with many trailing closing braces by restarting its scan once for each trailing closing brace. The…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-102277 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-102277 was published on September 28, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of September 30, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-102277 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-102277 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.4% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (37th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-102277?
CVE-2026-102277 has a CVSS base score of 5.3 (a secondary CVSS source that NVD displays; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-102277?
A fix for CVE-2026-102277 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2026-102277 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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