CVE-2026-100723

CRITICALPre-NVD 7.510.0
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“▲” beside the score: it is higher than the CVSS score beside it.

Score 10.0 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: MODERATE) published 2026-10-05. A secondary CVSS source baseline 7.5; sources differ by 2.5.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, a secondary CVSS source
Trending — 3 sources updated this weekElevated

Also known asEUVD-2026-87856 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-43rv-jrfh-9mrr (GitHub Security Advisories) · GHSA-489w-w794-jq94 (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

10.0EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • CISA's Vulnrichment rates exploitation as PoC; EchelonGraph holds no exploit-code reference for it
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.4%CVSS: 7.5Exploit: No code on recordExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

vm2 before 3.12.2 does not apply its Buffer backing-store ownership invariant (byteOffset === 0 and buffer.byteLength === length) to Buffers returned from host builtin modules. When an application explicitly exposes Node's zlib module through NodeVM's builtin allowlist (require: { builtin: ['zlib'] }), zlib.deflateSync can return a Buffer backed by Node's shared small-buffer pool whose .buffer is the entire pool. Untrusted guest code can construct a full-width view of that ArrayBuffer (Buffer.from(result.buffer, 0, result.buffer.byteLength)) to read and modify bytes belonging to unrelated host buffers, disclosing and corrupting host-realm memory across the sandbox boundary.

CVSS v3
7.5
EG Score
10.0CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
61
EG Risk 61/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity100% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 10.0 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.4%
EPSS %ILE
33rd
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (10.0): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 10.0 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
10.0 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.4% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-01). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

September 27, 2026

Last Modified

October 1, 2026

Advisory Details (4)

Auto-updated Sep 27, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github, github_commit.
Web page

vm2 before 3.12.2 Memory Disclosure via zlib Buffer Pool | Advisories | VulnCheck

https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/vm2-before-3.12.2-memory-disclosure-via-zlib-buffer-pool
GitHub commit Patch Available

commit 5214b02ef13b (patriksimek/vm2)

Patch available: patriksimek/vm2 v3.11.7 (contains commit 5214b02ef13b)

https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/commit/5214b02ef13b82497fcb917b45320dfd014ffd09
GitHub commit Patch Available

commit 4f2508abeb25 (patriksimek/vm2)

Patch available: patriksimek/vm2 v3.11.7 (contains commit 4f2508abeb25)

https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/commit/4f2508abeb252aa86eb6761c78b3b000248fb089
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

NodeVM zlib Buffers expose pooled host memory across the VM boundary · Advisory · patriksimek/vm2 · GitHub

https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-489w-w794-jq94

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-100723(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(1)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
npmvm2 @ 3.12.2 (fixes <= 3.12.1)—ghsa

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
npm(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
vm2—
  • every version up to 3.12.2: fixed in 3.12.2
—

Weakness Classification(2)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 12× in last 7d / 56× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

  1. 2026-11-02 07:38 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-11-02 07:37 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-489w-w794-jq94 · GitHub severity MODERATE · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  3. 2026-11-01 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  4. 2026-11-01 08:01 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-489w-w794-jq94 · GitHub severity MODERATE · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  5. 2026-11-01 08:01 UTCEG score recompute▲ 2.50
  6. 2026-10-31 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  7. 2026-10-30 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  8. 2026-10-29 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  9. 2026-10-28 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  10. 2026-10-27 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  11. 2026-10-27 03:33 UTCEG score recompute
  12. 2026-10-26 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  13. 2026-10-25 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  14. 2026-10-25 15:58 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-24 23:06 UTCEG score recompute
  16. 2026-10-24 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  17. 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  18. 2026-10-22 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  19. 2026-10-21 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  20. 2026-10-20 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  21. 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  22. 2026-10-18 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  23. 2026-10-18 05:11 UTCEG score recompute
  24. 2026-10-17 20:08 UTCEG score recompute
  25. 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
Show 60 more
  1. 2026-10-16 16:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  2. 2026-10-15 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  3. 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  4. 2026-10-13 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  5. 2026-10-12 16:41 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-10-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  7. 2026-10-11 20:16 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-11 18:29 UTCEG score recompute
  9. 2026-10-11 15:02 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  11. 2026-10-11 03:37 UTCEG score recompute
  12. 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  13. 2026-10-10 04:11 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  15. 2026-10-09 04:43 UTCEG score recompute
  16. 2026-10-08 17:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  17. 2026-10-08 05:16 UTCEG score recompute
  18. 2026-10-07 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  19. 2026-10-06 16:44 UTCEG score recompute
  20. 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  21. 2026-10-06 05:01 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  23. 2026-10-05 17:17 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-43rv-jrfh-9mrr · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  24. 2026-10-05 05:34 UTCEG score recompute
  25. 2026-10-05 05:34 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-43rv-jrfh-9mrr · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  26. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  27. 2026-10-04 17:50 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-43rv-jrfh-9mrr · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  28. 2026-10-04 06:06 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-43rv-jrfh-9mrr · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  29. 2026-10-03 18:23 UTCEG score recompute
  30. 2026-10-03 18:23 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-43rv-jrfh-9mrr · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  31. 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  32. 2026-10-03 06:35 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-43rv-jrfh-9mrr · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  33. 2026-10-02 18:51 UTCEG score recompute
  34. 2026-10-02 18:51 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-43rv-jrfh-9mrr · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  35. 2026-10-02 07:08 UTCEG score recompute
  36. 2026-10-02 07:08 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-43rv-jrfh-9mrr · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  37. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  38. 2026-10-01 19:24 UTCEG score recompute
  39. 2026-10-01 19:24 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-43rv-jrfh-9mrr · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  40. 2026-10-01 18:23 UTCEG score recompute
  41. 2026-10-01 18:23 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-43rv-jrfh-9mrr · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  42. 2026-10-01 12:11 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-43rv-jrfh-9mrr · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  43. 2026-10-01 00:28 UTCEG score recompute
  44. 2026-10-01 00:27 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-43rv-jrfh-9mrr · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  45. 2026-09-30 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  46. 2026-09-30 12:42 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-43rv-jrfh-9mrr · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  47. 2026-09-30 00:58 UTCEG score recompute
  48. 2026-09-30 00:58 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-43rv-jrfh-9mrr · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  49. 2026-09-29 15:20 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  50. 2026-09-29 13:14 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-43rv-jrfh-9mrr · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  51. 2026-09-29 01:30 UTCEG score recompute
  52. 2026-09-29 01:30 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-43rv-jrfh-9mrr · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  53. 2026-09-28 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
  54. 2026-09-28 13:47 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-43rv-jrfh-9mrr · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  55. 2026-09-28 02:03 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-43rv-jrfh-9mrr · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  56. 2026-09-27 14:20 UTCEG score recompute
  57. 2026-09-27 14:20 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-43rv-jrfh-9mrr · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  58. 2026-09-27 02:37 UTCEG score recompute
  59. 2026-09-27 01:53 UTCEG score recomputeFirst assessed: 7.5 HIGH
  60. 2026-09-27 01:49 UTCMITRE cvelistV5first tracked

Related CVEs(same product + same CWE)

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-100723?
CVE-2026-100723 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on September 27, 2026. vm2 before 3.12.2 does not apply its Buffer backing-store ownership invariant (byteOffset === 0 and buffer.byteLength === length) to Buffers returned from host builtin modules. When an application explicitly exposes Node's zlib module through NodeVM's builtin allowlist (require: { builtin: ['zlib']…
When was CVE-2026-100723 made public?
CVE-2026-100723 was made public on September 8, 2026: that is the date its CVE record's CNA, VulnCheck, gives for when the vulnerability was made public. The CVE record itself was published on September 27, 2026. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 1, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-100723 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-100723 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.4% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (33rd percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-100723?
CVE-2026-100723 has a CVSS base score of 7.5 (a secondary CVSS source that NVD displays; NVD's own analysis pending). EchelonGraph synthesises a secondary CVSS source + FIRST EPSS + GHSA into a combined EG score of 10.0 (CRITICAL).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-100723?
A fix for CVE-2026-100723 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2026-100723 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

See which npm, PyPI, Go, and Maven packages are affected by CVE-2026-100723

Explore →

Is Your Infrastructure Affected by CVE-2026-100723?

EchelonGraph automatically scans your cloud infrastructure and maps CVE exposure using blast radius analysis.

Book a Demo →Browse All CVEs