CVE-2025-9231

MEDIUMPre-NVD 6.56.5
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

Score 6.5 from GitHub Security Advisory published 2025-09-30. NVD baseline CVSS 6.5; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: epss, ghsa, nvd
6.5
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorLow exploitation likelihood right now — keep watching.
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS: 2%CVSS: 6.5Exploit: NoneExposed: 0

A fix is available — apply it.

Issue summary: A timing side-channel which could potentially allow remote recovery of the private key exists in the SM2 algorithm implementation on 64 bit ARM platforms.

Impact summary: A timing side-channel in SM2 signature computations on 64 bit ARM platforms could allow recovering the private key by an attacker..

While remote key recovery over a network was not attempted by the reporter, timing measurements revealed a timing signal which may allow such an attack.

OpenSSL does not directly support certificates with SM2 keys in TLS, and so this CVE is not relevant in most TLS contexts. However, given that it is possible to add support for such certificates via a custom provider, coupled with the fact that in such a custom provider context the private key may be recoverable via remote timing measurements, we consider this to be a Moderate severity issue.

The FIPS modules in 3.5, 3.4, 3.3, 3.2, 3.1 and 3.0 are not affected by this issue, as SM2 is not an approved algorithm.

CVSS v3
6.5
EG Score
6.5(medium)
EPSS
80.9%
KEV
Not listed

Published

September 30, 2025

Last Modified

July 14, 2026

Advisory Details (7)

Auto-updated May 11, 2026
No patch confirmed yet.
generic

oss-security - OpenSSL ARM64 SM2 scalar multiplication timing side-channel (no CVE)

http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/05/11/11
generic

oss-security - OpenSSL Security Advisory

http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/09/30/5
generic

SM2: Use constant time modular inversion · openssl/openssl@fc47a2e · GitHub

https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/fc47a2ec078912b3e914fab5734535e76c4820c2
generic

SM2: Use constant time modular inversion · openssl/openssl@eed5adc · GitHub

https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/eed5adc9f969d77c94f213767acbb41ff923b6f4
generic

SM2: Use constant time modular inversion · openssl/openssl@cba616c · GitHub

https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/cba616c26ac8e7b37de5e77762e505ba5ca51698
generic

SM2: Use constant time modular inversion · openssl/openssl@567f643 · GitHub

https://github.com/openssl/openssl/commit/567f64386e43683888212226824b6a179885a0fe

Patch Availability(2)

Vendor / EcosystemFixed in / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntuopenssl (3.0.2-0ubuntu1.20) @ jammy2026-05-21ubuntu
redhatopenssl-main-3.5.6-0.1.hum12026-04-09redhat

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Additional Vendor Advisories

(1)

Vendors that published advisories for this CVE beyond the curated set above. Broader coverage but minimal per-row detail — click through for the original advisory.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 7× in last 7d / 37× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 108 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-07-22 14:08 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-07-21 15:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-07-20 17:08 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-07-19 14:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-07-19 02:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-07-18 10:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-07-16 17:02 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-07-15 16:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-07-15 02:00 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-07-13 22:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-07-13 06:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-07-12 05:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-07-11 08:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  14. 2026-07-10 04:54 UTCOSV refresh
  15. 2026-07-09 19:10 UTCEPSS rescore
  16. 2026-07-08 15:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-07-08 15:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-07-07 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-07-06 16:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  20. 2026-07-06 02:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-07-05 02:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-07-05 02:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-07-04 06:31 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-07-04 06:31 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-07-01 15:06 UTCEPSS rescore
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-06-30 23:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-06-30 23:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-06-28 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-06-28 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-06-28 04:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-06-28 04:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-06-27 03:08 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-06-25 13:49 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-06-25 13:49 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-06-24 14:05 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-06-24 14:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-06-23 21:32 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-06-22 14:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  14. 2026-06-22 14:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  15. 2026-06-21 15:23 UTCOSV refresh
  16. 2026-06-21 14:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-06-21 14:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-06-21 01:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-06-21 01:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  20. 2026-06-19 19:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-06-19 19:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-06-18 17:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-06-18 17:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-06-17 17:53 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-06-16 17:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  26. 2026-06-15 17:48 UTCEPSS rescore
  27. 2026-06-14 23:18 UTCEPSS rescore
  28. 2026-06-13 23:00 UTCEPSS rescore
  29. 2026-06-13 23:00 UTCEPSS rescore
  30. 2026-06-12 23:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  31. 2026-06-12 23:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  32. 2026-06-11 14:00 UTCEPSS rescore
  33. 2026-06-10 22:18 UTCEPSS rescore
  34. 2026-06-10 13:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  35. 2026-06-08 14:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  36. 2026-06-08 14:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  37. 2026-06-07 15:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  38. 2026-06-07 15:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  39. 2026-06-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  40. 2026-06-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  41. 2026-06-05 22:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  42. 2026-06-05 22:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  43. 2026-06-05 06:10 UTCEPSS rescore
  44. 2026-06-05 06:10 UTCEPSS rescore
  45. 2026-06-04 13:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  46. 2026-06-04 13:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  47. 2026-06-02 20:13 UTCEPSS rescore
  48. 2026-06-02 12:25 UTCOSV refresh
  49. 2026-06-01 13:51 UTCEPSS rescore
  50. 2026-06-01 13:51 UTCEPSS rescore
  51. 2026-05-31 22:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  52. 2026-05-31 22:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  53. 2026-05-31 00:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  54. 2026-05-31 00:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  55. 2026-05-29 13:44 UTCEPSS rescore
  56. 2026-05-29 13:44 UTCEPSS rescore
  57. 2026-05-28 13:44 UTCEPSS rescore
  58. 2026-05-28 13:44 UTCEPSS rescore
  59. 2026-05-28 13:44 UTCEPSS rescore
  60. 2026-05-27 13:40 UTCEPSS rescore
  61. 2026-05-27 13:40 UTCEPSS rescore
  62. 2026-05-27 13:40 UTCEPSS rescore
  63. 2026-05-27 13:40 UTCEPSS rescore
  64. 2026-05-26 13:44 UTCEPSS rescore
  65. 2026-05-26 13:44 UTCEPSS rescore
  66. 2026-05-26 13:44 UTCEPSS rescore
  67. 2026-05-26 07:18 UTCEPSS rescore
  68. 2026-05-26 07:18 UTCEPSS rescore
  69. 2026-05-26 07:18 UTCEPSS rescore
  70. 2026-05-24 16:58 UTCEPSS rescore
  71. 2026-05-22 21:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  72. 2026-05-22 21:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  73. 2026-05-21 22:43 UTCEPSS rescore
  74. 2026-05-21 07:05 UTCEG score recompute
  75. 2026-05-21 07:05 UTCVendor advisory

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-9231?
CVE-2025-9231 is a medium vulnerability published on September 30, 2025. Issue summary: A timing side-channel which could potentially allow remote recovery of the private key exists in the SM2 algorithm implementation on 64 bit ARM platforms. Impact summary: A timing side-channel in SM2 signature computations on 64 bit ARM platforms could allow recovering the private…
When was CVE-2025-9231 disclosed?
CVE-2025-9231 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on September 30, 2025, with the most recent update on July 14, 2026. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2025-9231 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-9231 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 80.9% percentile likelihood of exploitation in the next 30 days — higher percentiles indicate greater predicted risk.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-9231?
CVE-2025-9231 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 6.5 (CISA-ADP / Vulnrichment enrichment; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-9231?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2025-9231, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

Dependency Blast Radius

Explore the affected products and dependency analysis for CVE-2025-9231

Explore →

Is Your Infrastructure Affected by CVE-2025-9231?

EchelonGraph automatically scans your cloud infrastructure and maps CVE exposure using blast radius analysis.