CVE-2025-71404

MEDIUMPre-NVD 5.15.1
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.

This medium-severity CVE scores 5.1 under a secondary CVSS source (NVD's own analysis pending). EPSS exploit probability: 0.7% (53rd percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from a secondary CVSS source
Sources: EPSS, a secondary CVSS source

Also known asEUVD-2025-210583 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-ch2q-47vm-cxgf (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

5.1EG
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.7%CVSS: 5.1Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

better-auth versions after v0.0.2 and before 1.1.16 contain a reflected cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability on the /api/auth/error page, where the value of the 'error' URL parameter is reflected as HTML without proper neutralization. An attacker who coerces a user into visiting a specially-crafted URL can execute arbitrary JavaScript in the context of the user's browser. The issue is fixed in version 1.1.16.

CVSS v3
5.1
EG Score
5.1MEDIUMmedium confidence
EG Risk
38
EG Risk 38/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity51% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 5.1 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.5% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
0.7%
EPSS %ILE
53rd
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (5.1): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 5.1 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
5.1 MEDIUMCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.a secondary CVSS source · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
EG Likelihood
0.7% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS. FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

August 1, 2026

Last Modified

October 6, 2026

Advisory Details (3)

Auto-updated Aug 1, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github, github_commit.
Web pageMentions a patch (unverified)

better-auth before 1.1.16 Reflected XSS via error parameter | Advisories | VulnCheck

https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/better-auth-before-reflected-xss-via-error-parameter
GitHub commit

commit 05ada0b79dbc (better-auth/better-auth)

Fix landed in better-auth/better-auth commit 05ada0b79dbc — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/better-auth/better-auth/commit/05ada0b79dbcac93cc04ceb79b23ca598d07830c
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

URL parameter HTML Injection (Reflected Cross-Site scripting) · Advisory · better-auth/better-auth · GitHub

https://github.com/better-auth/better-auth/security/advisories/GHSA-9x4v-xfq5-m8x5

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2025-71404(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
npm(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
better-auth—
  • 0.0.2 up to 1.1.16: fixed in 1.1.16
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 8× in last 7d / 45× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 99 of 202 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 1 repeat row among the latest 100 is merged into the row it repeats. The 103 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-01 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  2. 2026-10-31 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  3. 2026-10-31 15:25 UTCOSV refresh
  4. 2026-10-30 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 44th percentile
  5. 2026-10-29 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 44th percentile
  6. 2026-10-28 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 44th percentile
  7. 2026-10-27 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 44th percentile
  8. 2026-10-26 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 43rd percentile
  9. 2026-10-25 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 43rd percentile
  10. 2026-10-25 16:01 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-24 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 43rd percentile
  12. 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 43rd percentile
  13. 2026-10-23 11:52 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-23 11:52 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-ch2q-47vm-cxgf
  15. 2026-10-22 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 43rd percentile
  16. 2026-10-21 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 43rd percentile
  17. 2026-10-20 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 43rd percentile
  18. 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 43rd percentile
  19. 2026-10-18 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  20. 2026-10-18 05:15 UTCEG score recompute
  21. 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  22. 2026-10-16 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  23. 2026-10-15 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  24. 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  25. 2026-10-13 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
Show 74 more
  1. 2026-10-12 16:45 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-10-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  3. 2026-10-11 20:20 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-10-11 18:32 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-11 15:06 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  7. 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  8. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  9. 2026-10-08 17:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  10. 2026-10-07 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  11. 2026-10-06 22:12 UTCEG score recompute
  12. 2026-10-06 22:12 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-ch2q-47vm-cxgf
  13. 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  14. 2026-10-05 19:52 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-05 19:52 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-ch2q-47vm-cxgf
  16. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  17. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  18. 2026-10-04 06:26 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-04 06:26 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-ch2q-47vm-cxgf
  20. 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  21. 2026-10-02 10:29 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-10-02 10:29 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-ch2q-47vm-cxgf
  23. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  24. 2026-10-01 02:43 UTCEG score recompute
  25. 2026-10-01 02:43 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-ch2q-47vm-cxgf
  26. 2026-09-30 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  27. 2026-09-29 15:20 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  28. 2026-09-29 14:16 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-ch2q-47vm-cxgf
  29. 2026-09-29 06:47 UTCEG score recompute
  30. 2026-09-29 06:47 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-ch2q-47vm-cxgf
  31. 2026-09-28 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  32. 2026-09-27 18:22 UTCEG score recompute
  33. 2026-09-27 18:22 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-ch2q-47vm-cxgf
  34. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  35. 2026-09-24 14:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  36. 2026-09-24 09:50 UTCEG score recompute
  37. 2026-09-24 09:50 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-ch2q-47vm-cxgf
  38. 2026-09-23 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  39. 2026-09-23 08:29 UTCEG score recompute
  40. 2026-09-23 08:29 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-ch2q-47vm-cxgf
  41. 2026-09-22 07:08 UTCEG score recompute
  42. 2026-09-22 07:08 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-ch2q-47vm-cxgf
  43. 2026-09-20 20:59 UTCEG score recompute
  44. 2026-09-20 20:59 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-ch2q-47vm-cxgf
  45. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  46. 2026-09-19 13:43 UTCEG score recompute
  47. 2026-09-19 13:43 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-ch2q-47vm-cxgf
  48. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  49. 2026-09-18 08:38 UTCEG score recompute
  50. 2026-09-18 08:38 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-ch2q-47vm-cxgf
  51. 2026-09-17 19:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  52. 2026-09-17 07:02 UTCEG score recompute
  53. 2026-09-17 07:02 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-ch2q-47vm-cxgf
  54. 2026-09-16 14:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  55. 2026-09-16 05:24 UTCEG score recompute
  56. 2026-09-16 05:24 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-ch2q-47vm-cxgf
  57. 2026-09-16 05:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  58. 2026-09-15 03:10 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  59. 2026-09-14 09:08 UTCEG score recompute
  60. 2026-09-14 09:08 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-ch2q-47vm-cxgf
  61. 2026-09-13 16:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  62. 2026-09-13 07:47 UTCEG score recompute
  63. 2026-09-13 07:47 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-ch2q-47vm-cxgf
  64. 2026-09-12 15:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  65. 2026-09-12 06:26 UTCEG score recompute
  66. 2026-09-12 06:26 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-ch2q-47vm-cxgf
  67. 2026-09-11 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  68. 2026-09-11 09:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  69. 2026-09-11 04:49 UTCEG score recompute
  70. 2026-09-11 04:49 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-ch2q-47vm-cxgf
  71. 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  72. 2026-09-10 03:17 UTCEG score recompute
  73. 2026-09-10 03:17 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-ch2q-47vm-cxgf
  74. 2026-09-08 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-71404?
CVE-2025-71404 is a medium-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on August 1, 2026. better-auth versions after v0.0.2 and before 1.1.16 contain a reflected cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability on the /api/auth/error page, where the value of the 'error' URL parameter is reflected as HTML without proper neutralization. An attacker who coerces a user into visiting a…
When was CVE-2025-71404 made public?
CVE-2025-71404 was made public on February 5, 2025: that is the date its CVE record's CNA, VulnCheck, gives for when the vulnerability was made public. The CVE record itself was published on August 1, 2026. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 6, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-71404 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-71404 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.7% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (53rd percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-71404?
CVE-2025-71404 has a CVSS base score of 5.1 (a secondary CVSS source that NVD displays; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-71404?
A fix for CVE-2025-71404 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2025-71404 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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