CVE-2025-68803

HIGHPre-NVD 8.08.0
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.

Score 8.0 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: HIGH) published 2026-01-13. A secondary CVSS source baseline 8.0; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, a secondary CVSS source
Trending — 4 sources updated this week

Also known asEUVD-2026-2303 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-69qx-3mcm-9wpc (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

8.0EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.4%CVSS: 8.0Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

NFSD: NFSv4 file creation neglects setting ACL

An NFSv4 client that sets an ACL with a named principal during file creation retrieves the ACL afterwards, and finds that it is only a default ACL (based on the mode bits) and not the ACL that was requested during file creation. This violates RFC 8881 section 6.4.1.3: "the ACL attribute is set as given".

The issue occurs in nfsd_create_setattr(), which calls nfsd_attrs_valid() to determine whether to call nfsd_setattr(). However, nfsd_attrs_valid() checks only for iattr changes and security labels, but not POSIX ACLs. When only an ACL is present, the function returns false, nfsd_setattr() is skipped, and the POSIX ACL is never applied to the inode.

Subsequently, when the client retrieves the ACL, the server finds no POSIX ACL on the inode and returns one generated from the file's mode bits rather than returning the originally-specified ACL.

CVSS v3
8.0
EG Score
8.0HIGHmedium confidence
EG Risk
36
EG Risk 36/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity80% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 8.0 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.4% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.4%
EPSS %ILE
38th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (8.0): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 8.0 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
8.0 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.4% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-27). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

January 13, 2026

Last Modified

October 19, 2026

Advisory Details (8)

Auto-updated Jul 30, 2026
Patch available.
Web page

NFSD: NFSv4 file creation neglects setting ACL - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c182e1e0b7640f6bcc0c5ca8d473f7c57199ea3d
Web page

NFSD: NFSv4 file creation neglects setting ACL - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bf4e671c651534a307ab2fabba4926116beef8c3
Web page

NFSD: NFSv4 file creation neglects setting ACL - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/913f7cf77bf14c13cfea70e89bcb6d0b22239562
Web page

NFSD: NFSv4 file creation neglects setting ACL - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/75f91534f9acdfef77f8fa094313b7806f801725
Web page

NFSD: NFSv4 file creation neglects setting ACL - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/60dbdef2ebc2317266a385e4debdb1bb0e57afe1
Web page

NFSD: NFSv4 file creation neglects setting ACL - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/381261f24f4e4b41521c0e5ef5cc0b9a786a9862
Web page

NFSD: NFSv4 file creation neglects setting ACL - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/214b396480061cbc8b16f2c518b2add7fbfa5192

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2025-68803(2)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(26)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntulinux-tools-raspi-6.17 (6.17.0-1014.14) @ questing2026-10-27ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-edge (5.15.0.1110.119~20.04.1) @ focal2026-10-27ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-realtime-5.15 (5.15.0.1102.106) @ jammy2026-10-27ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-hwe-24.04-edge (6.17.0-22.22) @ questing2026-10-27ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-nvidia-lowlatency-64k-6.8 (6.8.0-1054.57.1) @ noble2026-10-27ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-fips-6.8 (6.8.0-116.116+fips1) @ noble2026-10-27ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-nvidia-tegra-rt-6.8 (6.8.0-1024.24) @ noble2026-10-27ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-nvidia-hwe-22.04-edge (6.8.0-1054.57~22.04.1) @ jammy2026-10-27ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-lts-24.04 (6.8.0-1056.62) @ noble2026-10-27ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-edge (6.8.0-1059.65~22.04.1) @ jammy2026-10-27ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-hwe-24.04-edge (6.17.0-22.22~24.04.1) @ noble2026-10-27ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-fips-6.8 (6.8.0-1059.65+fips1) @ noble2026-10-27ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-raspi-nolpae (5.15.0.1097.95) @ jammy2026-10-27ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-gcp-64k-6.17 (6.17.0-1012.12) @ questing2026-10-27ubuntu
ubuntulinux-xilinx-zynqmp (6.8.0.1032.33) @ noble2026-10-27ubuntu
ubuntulinux-xilinx-zynqmp-tools-5.15.0-1067 (5.15.0-1067.71) @ jammy2026-10-27ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-gke-5.15 (5.15.0.1099.98) @ jammy2026-10-27ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-fips-5.15 (5.15.0.1109.94) @ jammy2026-10-27ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-lts-22.04 (5.15.0.1109.107) @ jammy2026-10-27ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-realtime-hwe-24.04-edge (6.17.0-1010.11~24.04.1) @ noble2026-10-27ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-6.8 (6.8.0-117.117) @ noble2026-10-27ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-6.17 (6.17.0-1013.13) @ questing2026-10-27ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-gcp-fips-5.15 (5.15.0.1103.93) @ jammy2026-10-27ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-intel-iot-realtime-5.15 (5.15.0.1094.98) @ jammy2026-10-27ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-nvidia-tegra-igx-rt-5.15 (5.15.0.1044.46) @ jammy2026-10-27ubuntu
linuxKernel @ 5.10.248 (fixes >=0)—osv

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(5 across 4 ecosystems)
Debian:11(2)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux5.10.103-1 ... 5.10.92-2 (48 versions)
  • every version up to 5.10.249-1: fixed in 5.10.249-1
—
linux-6.16.1.106-3~deb11u1 ... 6.1.159-1~deb11u1 (14 versions)
  • every version up to 6.1.162-1~deb11u1: fixed in 6.1.162-1~deb11u1
—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.1.106-1 ... 6.1.99-1 (46 versions)
  • every version up to 6.1.162-1: fixed in 6.1.162-1
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.12.38-1 ... 6.12.69-1~bpo12+1 (10 versions)
  • every version up to 6.12.69-1: fixed in 6.12.69-1
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.12.100-1 ... 6.18~rc7-1~exp1 (93 versions)
  • every version up to 6.18.3-1: fixed in 6.18.3-1
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Additional Vendor Advisories

(24)

Vendors that published advisories for this CVE beyond the curated set above. Broader coverage but minimal per-row detail — click through for the original advisory.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 10× in last 7d / 52× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 99 of 263 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 1 repeat row among the latest 100 is merged into the row it repeats. The 164 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-01 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 38th percentile
  2. 2026-10-31 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 38th percentile
  3. 2026-10-30 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 38th percentile
  4. 2026-10-29 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 38th percentile
  5. 2026-10-28 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 38th percentile
  6. 2026-10-27 17:32 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-27 17:32 UTCVendor advisory
  8. 2026-10-27 17:32 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-69qx-3mcm-9wpc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.0
  9. 2026-10-27 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 38th percentile
  10. 2026-10-26 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 38th percentile
  11. 2026-10-25 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 38th percentile
  12. 2026-10-25 16:04 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-10-24 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  14. 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  15. 2026-10-22 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  16. 2026-10-21 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  17. 2026-10-20 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  18. 2026-10-19 19:34 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-19 19:34 UTCVendor advisory
  20. 2026-10-19 19:33 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-69qx-3mcm-9wpc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.0
  21. 2026-10-19 18:30 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-10-19 18:30 UTCVendor advisory
  23. 2026-10-19 18:30 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-69qx-3mcm-9wpc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.0
  24. 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  25. 2026-10-18 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
Show 74 more
  1. 2026-10-18 05:17 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  3. 2026-10-16 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  4. 2026-10-16 15:23 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-16 15:23 UTCVendor advisory
  6. 2026-10-16 15:23 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-69qx-3mcm-9wpc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.0
  7. 2026-10-15 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  8. 2026-10-15 02:39 UTCEG score recompute
  9. 2026-10-15 02:38 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-69qx-3mcm-9wpc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.0
  10. 2026-10-15 01:42 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-15 01:42 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-69qx-3mcm-9wpc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.0
  12. 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 37th percentile
  13. 2026-10-13 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 37th percentile
  14. 2026-10-12 16:47 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 37th percentile
  16. 2026-10-11 20:21 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-10-11 18:33 UTCEG score recompute
  18. 2026-10-11 15:08 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 37th percentile
  20. 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 37th percentile
  21. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 37th percentile
  22. 2026-10-08 17:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  23. 2026-10-07 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  24. 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  25. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  26. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  27. 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  28. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  29. 2026-09-30 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  30. 2026-09-29 15:20 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  31. 2026-09-28 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  32. 2026-09-28 01:32 UTCOSV refresh
  33. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  34. 2026-09-24 14:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  35. 2026-09-23 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  36. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  37. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  38. 2026-09-17 19:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  39. 2026-09-16 14:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  40. 2026-09-16 05:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  41. 2026-09-15 03:10 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  42. 2026-09-13 16:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  43. 2026-09-12 15:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  44. 2026-09-11 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  45. 2026-09-11 09:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  46. 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  47. 2026-09-08 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  48. 2026-09-08 09:28 UTCEG score recompute
  49. 2026-09-08 09:28 UTCVendor advisory
  50. 2026-09-08 09:28 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-69qx-3mcm-9wpc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.0
  51. 2026-09-07 16:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  52. 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  53. 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  54. 2026-09-02 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  55. 2026-09-01 13:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  56. 2026-08-31 08:25 UTCOSV refresh
  57. 2026-08-30 01:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  58. 2026-08-28 21:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  59. 2026-08-27 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  60. 2026-08-26 14:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  61. 2026-08-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  62. 2026-08-24 14:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  63. 2026-08-23 00:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  64. 2026-08-21 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  65. 2026-08-20 22:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  66. 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  67. 2026-08-18 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  68. 2026-08-17 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  69. 2026-08-16 14:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  70. 2026-08-16 02:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  71. 2026-08-15 01:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  72. 2026-08-14 14:43 UTCEG score recompute
  73. 2026-08-14 14:43 UTCVendor advisory
  74. 2026-08-14 14:43 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-69qx-3mcm-9wpc · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.0

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-68803?
CVE-2025-68803 is a high-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on January 13, 2026. In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: NFSD: NFSv4 file creation neglects setting ACL An NFSv4 client that sets an ACL with a named principal during file creation retrieves the ACL afterwards, and finds that it is only a default ACL (based on the mode bits) and not the…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2025-68803 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2025-68803 was published on January 13, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 19, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-68803 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-68803 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.4% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (38th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-68803?
CVE-2025-68803 has a CVSS base score of 8.0 (a secondary CVSS source that NVD displays; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-68803?
A fix for CVE-2025-68803 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2025-68803 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

See which npm, PyPI, Go, and Maven packages are affected by CVE-2025-68803

Explore →

Is Your Infrastructure Affected by CVE-2025-68803?

EchelonGraph automatically scans your cloud infrastructure and maps CVE exposure using blast radius analysis.