CVE-2025-46701

HIGHNVD 7.37.3
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

This high-severity CVE scores 7.3 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 3.1% (87th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from NVD CVSS v3
Sources: EPSS, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 4 sources updated this weekElevated

Also known asEUVD-2025-16411 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-h2fw-rfh5-95r3 (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

7.3EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • Public exploit or proof-of-concept code is available
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 3.1%CVSS: 7.3Exploit: Public PoCExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity vulnerability in Apache Tomcat's GCI servlet allows security constraint bypass of security constraints that apply to the pathInfo component of a URI mapped to the CGI servlet.

This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.6, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.40, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.104. The following versions were EOL at the time the CVE was created but are known to be affected: 8.5.0 though 8.5.100. Other, older, EOL versions may also be affected.

Users are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.7, 10.1.41 or 9.0.105, which fixes the issue.

CVSS v3
7.3
EG Score
7.3HIGHmedium confidence
EG Risk
64
EG Risk 64/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity73% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 7.3 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
3.1%
EPSS %ILE
87th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (7.3): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 7.3 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
7.3 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.NVD CVSS v3 · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
EG Likelihood
3.1% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-31). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

May 29, 2025

Last Modified

November 3, 2025

Advisory Details (3)

Auto-updated Oct 27, 2026
Patch available.
Web pageMentions a patch (unverified)

[SECURITY] [DLA 4244-1] tomcat9 security update

https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/07/msg00009.html
Web page

oss-security - CVE-2025-46701: Apache Tomcat: Security constraint bypass for CGI scripts

http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/05/29/4

Patch Availability(17)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntutomcat10-user (10.1.35-1ubuntu0.1) @ plucky2026-10-27ubuntu
redhattomcat-1:9.0.120-1.el9_22026-09-17redhat
redhattomcat-1:9.0.120-1.el9_42026-09-17redhat
redhattomcat-1:9.0.120-1.el9_62026-09-17redhat
redhattomcat-1:9.0.120-1.el8_102026-09-17redhat
redhattomcat-1:9.0.120-1.el8_82026-09-17redhat
redhattomcat9-1:9.0.120-1.el10_02026-09-14redhat
redhattomcat9-1:9.0.110-2.el10_22026-05-19redhat
redhattomcat-1:10.1.49-1.el102026-05-19redhat
redhattomcat-1:9.0.110-2.el9_82026-05-19redhat
redhattomcat2026-02-16redhat
redhatjws6-tomcat-0:10.1.49-7.redhat_00006.1.el9jws2026-02-16redhat
mavenorg.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core—ghsa
mavenorg.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core @ 9.0.105 (fixes >= 9.0.0.M1, < 9.0.105)—ghsa
mavenorg.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core @ 10.1.41 (fixes >= 10.1.0-M1, < 10.1.41)—ghsa
mavenorg.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core @ 11.0.7 (fixes >= 11.0.0-M1, < 11.0.7)—ghsa
mavenorg.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina—ghsa

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(11 across 5 ecosystems)
Debian:13(3)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
tomcat1010.1.40-1, 10.1.46-1, 10.1.52-1~deb12u1
  • every version up to 10.1.52-1~deb13u1: fixed in 10.1.52-1~deb13u1
—
tomcat1111.0.11-1, 11.0.6-1
  • every version up to 11.0.15-1~deb13u1: fixed in 11.0.15-1~deb13u1
—
tomcat9—
  • every version up to 9.0.70-2: fixed in 9.0.70-2
—
Debian:14(3)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
tomcat1010.1.40-1
  • every version up to 10.1.46-1: fixed in 10.1.46-1
—
tomcat1111.0.6-1
  • every version up to 11.0.11-1: fixed in 11.0.11-1
—
tomcat9—
  • every version up to 9.0.70-2: fixed in 9.0.70-2
—
Debian:12(2)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
tomcat1010.1.10-1 ... 10.1.9-1 (28 versions)
  • every version up to 10.1.52-1~deb12u1: fixed in 10.1.52-1~deb12u1
—
tomcat9—
  • every version up to 9.0.70-2: fixed in 9.0.70-2
—
Maven(2)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core8.5.0 ... 8.5.99 (85 versions)
  • 9.0.0.M1 up to 9.0.105: fixed in 9.0.105
  • 10.1.0-M1 up to 10.1.41: fixed in 10.1.41
  • 11.0.0-M1 up to 11.0.7: fixed in 11.0.7
  • 8.5.0 through 8.5.100: no fix on record
—
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina8.5.0 ... 8.5.99 (85 versions)
  • 9.0.0.M1 up to 9.0.105: fixed in 9.0.105
  • 10.1.0-M1 up to 10.1.41: fixed in 10.1.41
  • 11.0.0-M1 up to 11.0.7: fixed in 11.0.7
  • 8.5.0 through 8.5.100: no fix on record
—
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
tomcat99.0.43-1 ... 9.0.95-1 (30 versions)
  • every version up to 9.0.107-0+deb11u1: fixed in 9.0.107-0+deb11u1
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Additional Vendor Advisories

(1)

Vendors that published advisories for this CVE beyond the curated set above. Broader coverage but minimal per-row detail — click through for the original advisory.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 10× in last 7d / 39× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 96 of 200 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 4 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 104 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-01 08:06 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-h2fw-rfh5-95r3 · GitHub severity LOW
  2. 2026-11-01 08:06 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-10-31 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.1% · 87th percentile
  4. 2026-10-30 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.1% · 87th percentile
  5. 2026-10-29 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.1% · 87th percentile
  6. 2026-10-28 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.1% · 87th percentile
  7. 2026-10-27 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.1% · 87th percentile
  8. 2026-10-27 11:02 UTCEG score recompute
  9. 2026-10-27 11:02 UTCVendor advisory
  10. 2026-10-26 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.1% · 87th percentile
  11. 2026-10-25 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 3.1% · 87th percentile
  12. 2026-10-25 16:23 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-10-24 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.9% · 86th percentile
  14. 2026-10-23 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.9% · 86th percentile
  15. 2026-10-22 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.9% · 86th percentile
  16. 2026-10-21 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.9% · 86th percentile
  17. 2026-10-20 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.9% · 86th percentile
  18. 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.9% · 86th percentile
  19. 2026-10-18 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.9% · 86th percentile
  20. 2026-10-18 15:16 UTCVendor advisory
  21. 2026-10-18 05:31 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.9% · 86th percentile
  23. 2026-10-16 16:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.9% · 86th percentile
  24. 2026-10-15 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.9% · 86th percentile
  25. 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.9% · 86th percentile
Show 71 more
  1. 2026-10-13 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.9% · 86th percentile
  2. 2026-10-12 17:03 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-10-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.9% · 86th percentile
  4. 2026-10-11 20:36 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-11 18:47 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-10-11 15:23 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.9% · 86th percentile
  8. 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.9% · 86th percentile
  9. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.9% · 86th percentile
  10. 2026-10-08 17:10 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.9% · 86th percentile
  11. 2026-10-07 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.9% · 86th percentile
  12. 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.9% · 86th percentile
  13. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.9% · 86th percentile
  14. 2026-10-03 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.9% · 86th percentile
  15. 2026-10-02 12:11 UTCOSV refresh
  16. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.9% · 86th percentile
  17. 2026-09-30 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.9% · 86th percentile
  18. 2026-09-28 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.9% · 86th percentile
  19. 2026-09-27 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.9% · 86th percentile
  20. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.9% · 86th percentile
  21. 2026-09-26 00:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.9% · 86th percentile
  22. 2026-09-24 14:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.9% · 86th percentile
  23. 2026-09-23 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.9% · 86th percentile
  24. 2026-09-21 21:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.9% · 86th percentile
  25. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.9% · 86th percentile
  26. 2026-09-17 19:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.9% · 86th percentile
  27. 2026-09-16 14:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.9% · 86th percentile
  28. 2026-09-15 03:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.9% · 86th percentile
  29. 2026-09-13 10:54 UTCOSV refresh
  30. 2026-09-12 15:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.9% · 86th percentile
  31. 2026-09-11 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.9% · 86th percentile
  32. 2026-09-11 09:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.9% · 86th percentile
  33. 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.9% · 86th percentile
  34. 2026-09-08 21:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.9% · 86th percentile
  35. 2026-09-07 16:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.9% · 86th percentile
  36. 2026-09-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.9% · 86th percentile
  37. 2026-09-05 15:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.9% · 86th percentile
  38. 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.9% · 86th percentile
  39. 2026-09-02 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.9% · 86th percentile
  40. 2026-09-01 13:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.9% · 86th percentile
  41. 2026-09-01 04:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.9% · 86th percentile
  42. 2026-08-30 19:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.9% · 86th percentile
  43. 2026-08-30 01:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.8% · 85th percentile
  44. 2026-08-28 21:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.8% · 85th percentile
  45. 2026-08-27 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.8% · 85th percentile
  46. 2026-08-26 14:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.8% · 85th percentile
  47. 2026-08-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.8% · 85th percentile
  48. 2026-08-25 11:41 UTCOSV refresh
  49. 2026-08-24 14:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.8% · 85th percentile
  50. 2026-08-24 09:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.8% · 85th percentile
  51. 2026-08-23 00:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.8% · 85th percentile
  52. 2026-08-21 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.8% · 85th percentile
  53. 2026-08-20 22:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.8% · 85th percentile
  54. 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.8% · 85th percentile
  55. 2026-08-18 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.7% · 84th percentile
  56. 2026-08-17 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.7% · 84th percentile
  57. 2026-08-16 14:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.7% · 84th percentile
  58. 2026-08-16 02:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.7% · 84th percentile
  59. 2026-08-15 01:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.7% · 84th percentile
  60. 2026-08-13 21:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.7% · 84th percentile
  61. 2026-08-12 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.7% · 84th percentile
  62. 2026-08-11 13:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.7% · 84th percentile
  63. 2026-08-10 23:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.7% · 84th percentile
  64. 2026-08-09 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.7% · 84th percentile
  65. 2026-08-09 04:27 UTCOSV refresh
  66. 2026-08-08 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.7% · 84th percentile
  67. 2026-08-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.7% · 84th percentile
  68. 2026-08-05 19:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.7% · 84th percentile
  69. 2026-08-04 15:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.7% · 84th percentile
  70. 2026-08-04 10:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.7% · 84th percentile
  71. 2026-08-03 10:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.7% · 84th percentile

Publicly available exploits

(1 reference)

Public exploit code is referenced for this CVE (1 GitHub PoC). Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly.

  • GitHub PoCgregk4sec/CVE-2025-46701-o
    Published Apr 29, 2025

    Tomcat CVE-2025-46701 PoC

    Open source ↗

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-46701?
CVE-2025-46701 is a high-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on May 29, 2025. Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity vulnerability in Apache Tomcat's GCI servlet allows security constraint bypass of security constraints that apply to the pathInfo component of a URI mapped to the CGI servlet. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.6, from 10.1.0-M1…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2025-46701 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2025-46701 was published on May 29, 2025. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of November 3, 2025; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-46701 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-46701 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 3.1% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (87th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-46701?
CVE-2025-46701 has a CVSS v3 base score of 7.3 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-46701?
A fix for CVE-2025-46701 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2025-46701 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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