CVE-2025-40909

MEDIUMNVD 5.95.9
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 5.9 from GitHub Security Advisory published 2025-05-30. NVD baseline CVSS 5.9; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Elevated

Also known asEUVD-2025-16506 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-jpf5-526x-c5hw (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

5.9EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • CISA's Vulnrichment rates exploitation as PoC; EchelonGraph holds no exploit-code reference for it
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.5%CVSS: 5.9Exploit: No code on recordExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

Perl threads have a working directory race condition where file operations may target unintended paths.

If a directory handle is open at thread creation, the process-wide current working directory is temporarily changed in order to clone that handle for the new thread, which is visible from any third (or more) thread already running.

This may lead to unintended operations such as loading code or accessing files from unexpected locations, which a local attacker may be able to exploit.

The bug was introduced in commit 11a11ecf4bea72b17d250cfb43c897be1341861e and released in Perl version 5.13.6

CVSS v3
5.9
EG Score
5.9MEDIUMmedium confidence
EG Risk
43
EG Risk 43/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity59% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 5.9 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.5%
EPSS %ILE
42nd
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (5.9): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 5.9 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
5.9 MEDIUMCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.5% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS. FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

May 30, 2025

Last Modified

April 18, 2026

Advisory Details (10)

Auto-updated Oct 23, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github_commit.
Web page

Full Disclosure: APPLE-SA-09-15-2025-7 macOS Sonoma 14.8

http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Sep/55
Web page

Full Disclosure: APPLE-SA-09-15-2025-6 macOS Sequoia 15.7

http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Sep/54
Web page

Full Disclosure: APPLE-SA-09-15-2025-5 macOS Tahoe 26

http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Sep/53
Web page

oss-security - Perl 5.40 dir dup bug with threading: security consequences

https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/05/22/2
Web page

perl5136delta - what is new for perl v5.13.6 - Perldoc Browser

https://perldoc.perl.org/5.14.0/perl5136delta#Directory-handles-not-copied-to-threads
Web page

Thread creation while a directory handle is open does a fchdir, affecting other threads (race condition) · Issue #23010 · Perl/perl5 · GitHub

https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/23010
Web page

Spawning threads with open directory handles causes a crash · Issue #10387 · Perl/perl5 · GitHub

https://github.com/Perl/perl5/issues/10387
GitHub commit

commit 11a11ecf4bea (Perl/perl5)

Fix landed in Perl/perl5 commit 11a11ecf4bea — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/Perl/perl5/commit/11a11ecf4bea72b17d250cfb43c897be1341861e
Web pageMentions a patch (unverified)

#1098226 - perl: CVE-2025-40909: Thread creation while a directory handle is open does a fchdir, affecting other threads (race condition) - Debian Bug report logs

https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1098226

Patch Availability(9)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntuperl-modules-5.34 (5.34.0-3ubuntu1.5) @ jammy2026-10-23ubuntu
redhatperl:5.32-8080020260622152847.3ba2f8062026-08-04redhat
redhatperl:5.32-8060020260702074220.761dc3f42026-07-09redhat
redhatperl:5.32-8100020260317110818.651ee29f2026-04-14redhat
redhatdiscovery/discovery-server-rhel9:2.0.1-17544787272025-08-06redhat
redhatperl-4:5.40.2-512.2.el10_02025-07-29redhat
redhatperl-4:5.26.3-423.el8_102025-07-28redhat
redhatperl-4:5.32.1-481.1.el9_62025-07-28redhat
redhatperl-4:5.32.1-481.el9_4.12025-07-22redhat

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(4 across 4 ecosystems)
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
perl5.32.1-4, 5.32.1-4+deb11u1, 5.32.1-4+deb11u2, 5.32.1-4+deb11u3, 5.32.1-4+deb11u4
  • every version up to 5.32.1-4+deb11u5: fixed in 5.32.1-4+deb11u5
—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
perl5.36.0-7, 5.36.0-7+deb12u1, 5.36.0-7+deb12u2
  • every version up to 5.36.0-7+deb12u3: fixed in 5.36.0-7+deb12u3
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
perl—
  • every version up to 5.40.1-5: fixed in 5.40.1-5
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
perl—
  • every version up to 5.40.1-5: fixed in 5.40.1-5
—

Weakness Classification(3)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Additional Vendor Advisories

(1)

Vendors that published advisories for this CVE beyond the curated set above. Broader coverage but minimal per-row detail — click through for the original advisory.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 7× in last 7d / 40× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 98 of 221 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 2 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 123 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-01 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  2. 2026-10-31 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  3. 2026-10-30 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  4. 2026-10-29 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  5. 2026-10-28 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  6. 2026-10-27 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  7. 2026-10-26 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  8. 2026-10-25 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  9. 2026-10-25 16:27 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-10-24 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  11. 2026-10-23 19:15 UTCEG score recompute
  12. 2026-10-23 19:15 UTCVendor advisory
  13. 2026-10-23 19:15 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-jpf5-526x-c5hw · GitHub CVSS 5.9
  14. 2026-10-23 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  15. 2026-10-22 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  16. 2026-10-21 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  17. 2026-10-20 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  18. 2026-10-19 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  19. 2026-10-18 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  20. 2026-10-18 05:34 UTCEG score recompute
  21. 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  22. 2026-10-16 16:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  23. 2026-10-15 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  24. 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  25. 2026-10-13 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
Show 73 more
  1. 2026-10-12 17:05 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-10-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  3. 2026-10-11 20:38 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-10-11 18:49 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-11 15:26 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  7. 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  8. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  9. 2026-10-08 17:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  10. 2026-10-07 23:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  11. 2026-10-06 18:44 UTCOSV refresh
  12. 2026-10-06 15:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  13. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  14. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  15. 2026-10-03 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  16. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  17. 2026-09-30 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  18. 2026-09-28 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  19. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  20. 2026-09-26 00:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  21. 2026-09-24 14:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  22. 2026-09-23 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  23. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  24. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  25. 2026-09-17 19:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  26. 2026-09-17 00:20 UTCOSV refresh
  27. 2026-09-16 14:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  28. 2026-09-16 05:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  29. 2026-09-13 16:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  30. 2026-09-12 15:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  31. 2026-09-11 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  32. 2026-09-11 09:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  33. 2026-09-10 09:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  34. 2026-09-08 21:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  35. 2026-09-07 16:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  36. 2026-09-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  37. 2026-09-04 05:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  38. 2026-09-02 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  39. 2026-09-01 13:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  40. 2026-09-01 04:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  41. 2026-08-30 19:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  42. 2026-08-30 01:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  43. 2026-08-29 00:43 UTCOSV refresh
  44. 2026-08-28 21:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  45. 2026-08-27 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  46. 2026-08-26 14:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  47. 2026-08-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  48. 2026-08-23 00:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  49. 2026-08-21 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  50. 2026-08-20 22:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  51. 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  52. 2026-08-18 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  53. 2026-08-17 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  54. 2026-08-16 14:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  55. 2026-08-16 02:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  56. 2026-08-15 01:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  57. 2026-08-13 21:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  58. 2026-08-12 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  59. 2026-08-12 12:06 UTCOSV refresh
  60. 2026-08-09 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  61. 2026-08-08 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  62. 2026-08-07 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  63. 2026-08-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  64. 2026-08-04 15:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  65. 2026-08-04 10:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 29th percentile
  66. 2026-08-03 10:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 29th percentile
  67. 2026-08-02 02:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 29th percentile
  68. 2026-08-01 04:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 29th percentile
  69. 2026-07-30 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 29th percentile
  70. 2026-07-30 01:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 29th percentile
  71. 2026-07-28 15:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 29th percentile
  72. 2026-07-27 19:25 UTCOSV refresh
  73. 2026-07-26 14:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 29th percentile

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-40909?
CVE-2025-40909 is a medium-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on May 30, 2025. Perl threads have a working directory race condition where file operations may target unintended paths. If a directory handle is open at thread creation, the process-wide current working directory is temporarily changed in order to clone that handle for the new thread, which is visible from any…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2025-40909 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2025-40909 was published on May 30, 2025. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of April 18, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-40909 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-40909 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.5% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (42nd percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-40909?
CVE-2025-40909 has a CVSS v3 base score of 5.9 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-40909?
A fix for CVE-2025-40909 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2025-40909 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

See which npm, PyPI, Go, and Maven packages are affected by CVE-2025-40909

Explore →

Is Your Infrastructure Affected by CVE-2025-40909?

EchelonGraph automatically scans your cloud infrastructure and maps CVE exposure using blast radius analysis.