CVE-2025-2559

MEDIUMNVD 4.94.9—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

Score 4.9 from GitHub Security Advisory published 2025-03-25. NVD baseline CVSS 4.9; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: epss, ghsa, nvd
4.9
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorLow exploitation likelihood right now — keep watching.
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS: 1%CVSS: 4.9Exploit: NoneExposed: 0

A fix is available — apply it.

A flaw was found in Keycloak. When the configuration uses JWT tokens for authentication, the tokens are cached until expiration. If a client uses JWT tokens with an excessively long expiration time, for example, 24 or 48 hours, the cache can grow indefinitely, leading to an OutOfMemoryError. This issue could result in a denial of service condition, preventing legitimate users from accessing the system.

CVSS v3
4.9
EG Score
4.9(medium)
EG Risk
—
EPSS
47.5%
KEV
Not listed

Published

March 25, 2025

Last Modified

May 6, 2026

Advisory Details (6)

Auto-updated May 6, 2026
Patch available. Sources: redhat.
generic

Define a max expiration window for Signed JWT client authentication · Issue #38576 · keycloak/keycloak · GitHub

https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak/issues/38576
generic

Define a max expiration window for Signed JWT client authentication · keycloak/keycloak@a10c811 · GitHub

https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak/commit/a10c8119d4452b866b90a9019b2cc159919276ca
redhat Patch Available

2353868 – (CVE-2025-2559) CVE-2025-2559 org.keycloak/keycloak-services: JWT Token Cache Exhaustion Leading to Denial of Service (DoS) in Keycloak

https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2353868
redhat Patch Available

cve-details

https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-2559
redhat Patch Available
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:4336
redhat Patch Available
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:4335

Patch Availability(3)

Vendor / EcosystemFixed in / PatchReleasedSource
redhatkeycloak-services2025-04-29redhat
redhatrhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator:26.0-132025-04-29redhat
mavenorg.keycloak:keycloak-services—ghsa

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
Maven(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
org.keycloak:keycloak-services1.0-alpha-1 ... 9.0.3 (195 versions)——

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

All Vendor Advisories

(2)

Every vendor that published an advisory referencing this CVE — pulled from our cve_vendor_advisories aggregation. Click any row for the vendor's original advisory page.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 12× in last 7d / 47× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 124 total refreshes for this CVE.

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Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-2559?
CVE-2025-2559 is a medium vulnerability published on March 25, 2025. A flaw was found in Keycloak. When the configuration uses JWT tokens for authentication, the tokens are cached until expiration. If a client uses JWT tokens with an excessively long expiration time, for example, 24 or 48 hours, the cache can grow indefinitely, leading to an OutOfMemoryError. This…
When was CVE-2025-2559 disclosed?
CVE-2025-2559 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on March 25, 2025, with the most recent update on May 6, 2026. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2025-2559 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-2559 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 47.5% percentile likelihood of exploitation in the next 30 days — higher percentiles indicate greater predicted risk.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-2559?
CVE-2025-2559 has a CVSS v3 base score of 4.9 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-2559?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2025-2559, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

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