CVE-2025-21790

MEDIUMNVD 5.55.5
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 5.5 from GitHub Security Advisory published 2025-02-27. NVD baseline CVSS 5.5; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3

Also known asEUVD-2025-5142 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-hjrf-48vm-fq22 (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

5.5EG
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.2%CVSS: 5.5Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

vxlan: check vxlan_vnigroup_init() return value

vxlan_init() must check vxlan_vnigroup_init() success otherwise a crash happens later, spotted by syzbot.

Oops: general protection fault, probably for non-canonical address 0xdffffc000000002c: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP KASAN NOPTI KASAN: null-ptr-deref in range [0x0000000000000160-0x0000000000000167] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 7313 Comm: syz-executor147 Not tainted 6.14.0-rc1-syzkaller-00276-g69b54314c975 #0 Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2~bpo12+1 04/01/2014 RIP: 0010:vxlan_vnigroup_uninit+0x89/0x500 drivers/net/vxlan/vxlan_vnifilter.c:912 Code: 00 48 8b 44 24 08 4c 8b b0 98 41 00 00 49 8d 86 60 01 00 00 48 89 c2 48 89 44 24 10 48 b8 00 00 00 00 00 fc ff df 48 c1 ea 03 <80> 3c 02 00 0f 85 4d 04 00 00 49 8b 86 60 01 00 00 48 ba 00 00 00 RSP: 0018:ffffc9000cc1eea8 EFLAGS: 00010202 RAX: dffffc0000000000 RBX: 0000000000000001 RCX: ffffffff8672effb RDX: 000000000000002c RSI: ffffffff8672ecb9 RDI: ffff8880461b4f18 RBP: ffff8880461b4ef4 R08: 0000000000000001 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 0000000000000001 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 0000000000020000 R13: ffff8880461b0d80 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: dffffc0000000000 FS: 00007fecfa95d6c0(0000) GS:ffff88806a600000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 00007fecfa95cfb8 CR3: 000000004472c000 CR4: 0000000000352ef0 DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000 DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400 Call Trace: vxlan_uninit+0x1ab/0x200 drivers/net/vxlan/vxlan_core.c:2942 unregister_netdevice_many_notify+0x12d6/0x1f30 net/core/dev.c:11824 unregister_netdevice_many net/core/dev.c:11866 [inline] unregister_netdevice_queue+0x307/0x3f0 net/core/dev.c:11736 register_netdevice+0x1829/0x1eb0 net/core/dev.c:10901 __vxlan_dev_create+0x7c6/0xa30 drivers/net/vxlan/vxlan_core.c:3981 vxlan_newlink+0xd1/0x130 drivers/net/vxlan/vxlan_core.c:4407 rtnl_newlink_create net/core/rtnetlink.c:3795 [inline] __rtnl_newlink net/core/rtnetlink.c:3906 [inline]

CVSS v3
5.5
EG Score
5.5MEDIUMmedium confidence
EG Risk
25
EG Risk 25/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity55% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 5.5 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.2% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at every mission impact level.
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.2%
EPSS %ILE
13th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (5.5): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 5.5 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
5.5 MEDIUMCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.2% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-25). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at every mission impact level.CISA BOD 26-04: 60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at every mission impact level.

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

February 27, 2025

Last Modified

October 15, 2026

Advisory Details (7)

Auto-updated Oct 15, 2026
Patch available.
Web pageMentions a patch (unverified)

[SECURITY] [DLA 4102-1] linux-6.1 security update

https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00028.html
Web page

vxlan: check vxlan_vnigroup_init() return value - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e860f847787fbbf0d8dacd638c019c7c3d4a9bd3
Web page

vxlan: check vxlan_vnigroup_init() return value - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a303649b99b64858d62ce7428125d8e71675d2b6
Web page

vxlan: check vxlan_vnigroup_init() return value - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/79aea5e55156c87dc570e43fcd8bba01b9d6ab3f
Web page

vxlan: check vxlan_vnigroup_init() return value - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5805402dcc56241987bca674a1b4da79a249bab7
Web page

vxlan: check vxlan_vnigroup_init() return value - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3215f5aafc49aaa993991633833854694e73b439

Patch Availability(12)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntulinux-virtual-hwe-24.04-edge (6.11.0-26.26) @ oracular2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-raspi-6.8 (6.8.0-1035.39) @ noble2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-oracle-edge (6.8.0-1032.33~22.04.1) @ jammy2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-edge (6.8.0-1034.39~22.04.1) @ jammy2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-raspi-realtime-6.8 (6.8.0-2028.29) @ noble2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-6.8 (6.8.0-78.78) @ noble2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-oracle-64k (6.11.0-1016.17) @ oracular2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-aws (6.11.0-1014.15) @ oracular2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-ibm-lts-24.04 (6.8.0-1033.33) @ noble2026-05-30ubuntu
redhatkernel-0:6.12.0-124.8.1.el10_12025-11-11redhat
redhatkernel-0:5.14.0-611.5.1.el9_72025-11-11redhat
linuxKernel @ 6.1.129 (fixes >=5.18.0)—osv

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(4 across 4 ecosystems)
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux-6.16.1.106-3~deb11u1 ... 6.1.128-1~deb11u1 (6 versions)
  • every version up to 6.1.129-1~deb11u1: fixed in 6.1.129-1~deb11u1
—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.1.106-1 ... 6.1.99-1 (35 versions)
  • every version up to 6.1.129-1: fixed in 6.1.129-1
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux—
  • every version up to 6.12.16-1: fixed in 6.12.16-1
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux—
  • every version up to 6.12.16-1: fixed in 6.12.16-1
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Additional Vendor Advisories

(9)

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 8× in last 7d / 42× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 96 of 201 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 4 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 105 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-02 16:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  2. 2026-11-01 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  3. 2026-10-31 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  4. 2026-10-30 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  5. 2026-10-29 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  6. 2026-10-28 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  7. 2026-10-27 17:25 UTCOSV refresh
  8. 2026-10-27 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  9. 2026-10-26 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  10. 2026-10-25 16:43 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-25 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  12. 2026-10-24 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  13. 2026-10-23 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  14. 2026-10-22 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  15. 2026-10-21 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  16. 2026-10-20 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  17. 2026-10-19 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  18. 2026-10-18 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  19. 2026-10-18 05:46 UTCEG score recompute
  20. 2026-10-17 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  21. 2026-10-16 16:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  22. 2026-10-15 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  23. 2026-10-15 02:54 UTCVendor advisory
  24. 2026-10-15 02:53 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hjrf-48vm-fq22 · GitHub CVSS 5.5
  25. 2026-10-15 02:01 UTCEG score recompute
Show 71 more
  1. 2026-10-15 02:01 UTCVendor advisory
  2. 2026-10-15 02:01 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hjrf-48vm-fq22 · GitHub CVSS 5.5
  3. 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  4. 2026-10-13 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  5. 2026-10-12 17:19 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-10-12 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  7. 2026-10-11 20:51 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-11 19:01 UTCEG score recompute
  9. 2026-10-11 15:41 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  11. 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  12. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  13. 2026-10-08 17:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  14. 2026-10-07 23:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  15. 2026-10-06 15:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  16. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  17. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  18. 2026-10-03 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  19. 2026-10-02 21:55 UTCOSV refresh
  20. 2026-10-02 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  21. 2026-10-01 19:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  22. 2026-09-30 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  23. 2026-09-28 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  24. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  25. 2026-09-26 00:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  26. 2026-09-24 14:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  27. 2026-09-23 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  28. 2026-09-22 14:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  29. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  30. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  31. 2026-09-16 14:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  32. 2026-09-16 05:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  33. 2026-09-15 03:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  34. 2026-09-13 19:24 UTCOSV refresh
  35. 2026-09-13 16:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  36. 2026-09-12 15:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  37. 2026-09-11 14:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  38. 2026-09-11 09:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  39. 2026-09-10 09:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  40. 2026-09-08 21:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  41. 2026-09-07 16:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  42. 2026-09-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  43. 2026-09-05 15:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  44. 2026-09-04 05:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  45. 2026-09-02 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  46. 2026-09-01 13:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  47. 2026-09-01 04:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  48. 2026-08-30 19:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  49. 2026-08-30 01:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  50. 2026-08-28 21:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  51. 2026-08-27 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  52. 2026-08-25 20:40 UTCOSV refresh
  53. 2026-08-25 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  54. 2026-08-23 00:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  55. 2026-08-21 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  56. 2026-08-20 22:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  57. 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  58. 2026-08-18 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  59. 2026-08-17 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  60. 2026-08-16 14:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  61. 2026-08-16 02:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  62. 2026-08-15 01:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  63. 2026-08-13 21:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  64. 2026-08-12 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  65. 2026-08-10 23:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  66. 2026-08-09 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  67. 2026-08-09 12:50 UTCOSV refresh
  68. 2026-08-07 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  69. 2026-08-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  70. 2026-08-05 19:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  71. 2026-08-04 15:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-21790?
CVE-2025-21790 is a medium-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on February 27, 2025. In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: vxlan: check vxlan_vnigroup_init() return value vxlan_init() must check vxlan_vnigroup_init() success otherwise a crash happens later, spotted by syzbot. Oops: general protection fault, probably for non-canonical address…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2025-21790 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2025-21790 was published on February 27, 2025. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 15, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-21790 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-21790 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.2% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (13th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-21790?
CVE-2025-21790 has a CVSS v3 base score of 5.5 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-21790?
A fix for CVE-2025-21790 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2025-21790 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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