CVE-2023-46136

HIGHNVD 7.57.5
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

This high-severity CVE scores 7.5 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 1.3% (70th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). GitHub Security Advisory CVSS 5.7 is lower than this score; a lower GitHub score revises it only when its advisory is newer than the CVE record's last change, and this advisory (published 2023-10-25) is not newer than that change (2026-06-17), so it does not.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from NVD CVSS v3
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 4 sources updated this week

Also known asEUVD-2023-0280 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-hrfv-mqp8-q5rw (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

7.5EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 1.3%CVSS: 7.5Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

Werkzeug is a comprehensive WSGI web application library. In versions on the 3.x branch prior to 3.0.1 and on the 2.x branch prior to 2.3.8, if an upload of a file that starts with CR or LF and then is followed by megabytes of data without these characters: all of these bytes are appended chunk by chunk into internal bytearray and lookup for boundary is performed on growing buffer. This allows an attacker to cause a denial of service by sending crafted multipart data to an endpoint that will parse it. The amount of CPU time required can block worker processes from handling legitimate requests. This vulnerability has been patched in version 3.0.1 and 2.3.8.

CVSS v3
7.5
EG Score
7.5HIGHmedium confidence
EG Risk
34
EG Risk 34/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity75% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 7.5 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation1.3% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's BOD 26-04 default: no one has published Automatable for this CVE, and CISA treats it as “no” for a CVE not in KEV.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (no CISA value, KEV listing or exploit code on record) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). EchelonGraph holds no SSVC assessment of this CVE from CISA: none of these inputs is from Vulnrichment. EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
1.3%
EPSS %ILE
70th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (7.5): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 7.5 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
7.5 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.NVD CVSS v3 · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
EG Likelihood
1.3% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-31). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (no CISA value, KEV listing or exploit code on record) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). EchelonGraph holds no SSVC assessment of this CVE from CISA: none of these inputs is from Vulnrichment. EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). Where an input reads “CISA's BOD 26-04 default”, no one has published it for this CVE, and CISA's implementation guidance says: “If “Automatable” and “Technical Impact” information items about a CVE ID are not available and the CVE ID is not in the KEV Catalog, CISA will treat its values as “no” and “total,” respectively, until CISA or a third party provides metadata about the CVE ID. CISA will always provide the Vulnrichment data for a CVE ID listed in the KEV Catalog.” Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

October 25, 2023

Last Modified

June 17, 2026

Advisory Details (3)

Auto-updated Nov 1, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github_commit, github.
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

High resource usage when parsing multipart/form-data containing a large part with CR/LF character at the beginning · Advisory · pallets/werkzeug · GitHub

https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/security/advisories/GHSA-hrfv-mqp8-q5rw
GitHub commit Patch Available

commit f3c803b3ade4 (pallets/werkzeug)

Patch available: pallets/werkzeug 3.1.0 (contains commit f3c803b3ade4)

https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/commit/f3c803b3ade485a45f12b6d6617595350c0f03e2

Patch Availability(7)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
redhatoath-toolkit-0:2.6.12-1.el9cp2025-06-26redhat
redhatpython-werkzeug-0:2.0.1-8.el8ost2024-01-16redhat
redhatpython-werkzeug-0:2.0.1-6.el9ost2024-01-16redhat
redhatpython-werkzeug-0:2.0.3-5.el92023-12-06redhat
redhatpython-werkzeug-0:2.2.3-2.el92023-11-29redhat
pipwerkzeug @ 3.0.1 (fixes >= 3.0.0, < 3.0.1)—ghsa
pipwerkzeug @ 2.3.8 (fixes >= 2.0.0rc1, < 2.3.8)—ghsa

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(6 across 6 ecosystems)
Alpine:v3.23(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
py3-werkzeug—
  • every version up to 2.3.7-r0: fixed in 2.3.7-r0
—
Alpine:v3.24(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
py3-werkzeug—
  • every version up to 2.3.7-r0: fixed in 2.3.7-r0
—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
python-werkzeug2.2.2-3
  • every version up to 2.2.2-3+deb12u1: fixed in 2.2.2-3+deb12u1
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
python-werkzeug—
  • every version up to 3.0.1-2: fixed in 3.0.1-2
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
python-werkzeug—
  • every version up to 3.0.1-2: fixed in 3.0.1-2
—
PyPI(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
werkzeug0.1 ... 3.0.0 (90 versions)
  • 3.0.0 up to 3.0.1: fixed in 3.0.1
  • 2.0.0rc1 up to 2.3.8: fixed in 2.3.8
  • every version up to 2.3.8: fixed in 2.3.8
—

Weakness Classification(3)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Additional Vendor Advisories

(4)

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 11× in last 7d / 41× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 94 of 228 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 6 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 134 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-01 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 70th percentile
  2. 2026-11-01 08:18 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hrfv-mqp8-q5rw · GitHub severity MODERATE · GitHub CVSS 5.7
  3. 2026-11-01 08:18 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-10-31 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 70th percentile
  5. 2026-10-30 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 70th percentile
  6. 2026-10-29 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 70th percentile
  7. 2026-10-28 19:30 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-28 19:30 UTCVendor advisory
  9. 2026-10-28 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 70th percentile
  10. 2026-10-27 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 70th percentile
  11. 2026-10-26 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 69th percentile
  12. 2026-10-25 17:33 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-10-25 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 64th percentile
  14. 2026-10-24 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 64th percentile
  15. 2026-10-23 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 64th percentile
  16. 2026-10-22 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 64th percentile
  17. 2026-10-21 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 64th percentile
  18. 2026-10-20 22:11 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-20 22:11 UTCVendor advisory
  20. 2026-10-20 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 64th percentile
  21. 2026-10-19 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 64th percentile
  22. 2026-10-18 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 64th percentile
  23. 2026-10-18 07:48 UTCEG score recompute
  24. 2026-10-17 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 64th percentile
  25. 2026-10-16 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 64th percentile
Show 69 more
  1. 2026-10-15 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 64th percentile
  2. 2026-10-14 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 64th percentile
  3. 2026-10-13 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 64th percentile
  4. 2026-10-12 18:17 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-12 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 63rd percentile
  6. 2026-10-11 21:43 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-11 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 63rd percentile
  8. 2026-10-10 19:57 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 63rd percentile
  9. 2026-10-09 20:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 63rd percentile
  10. 2026-10-08 17:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 63rd percentile
  11. 2026-10-07 23:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 63rd percentile
  12. 2026-10-07 18:24 UTCOSV refresh
  13. 2026-10-06 15:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 63rd percentile
  14. 2026-10-05 17:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 63rd percentile
  15. 2026-10-04 23:20 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 63rd percentile
  16. 2026-10-03 14:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 63rd percentile
  17. 2026-10-01 19:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 63rd percentile
  18. 2026-09-30 16:32 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-09-30 15:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 63rd percentile
  20. 2026-09-29 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 63rd percentile
  21. 2026-09-28 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 63rd percentile
  22. 2026-09-27 13:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 63rd percentile
  23. 2026-09-26 00:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 63rd percentile
  24. 2026-09-24 14:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 63rd percentile
  25. 2026-09-23 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 63rd percentile
  26. 2026-09-22 14:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 63rd percentile
  27. 2026-09-21 20:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 62nd percentile
  28. 2026-09-20 20:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 63rd percentile
  29. 2026-09-18 19:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 63rd percentile
  30. 2026-09-18 00:20 UTCOSV refresh
  31. 2026-09-17 19:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 63rd percentile
  32. 2026-09-16 14:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 63rd percentile
  33. 2026-09-16 05:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 63rd percentile
  34. 2026-09-15 03:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 63rd percentile
  35. 2026-09-13 16:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 62nd percentile
  36. 2026-09-12 14:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 62nd percentile
  37. 2026-09-11 14:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 62nd percentile
  38. 2026-09-11 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 62nd percentile
  39. 2026-09-08 21:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 62nd percentile
  40. 2026-09-07 15:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 62nd percentile
  41. 2026-09-06 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 62nd percentile
  42. 2026-09-05 15:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 62nd percentile
  43. 2026-09-04 13:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 62nd percentile
  44. 2026-09-04 05:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 62nd percentile
  45. 2026-09-02 14:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 62nd percentile
  46. 2026-09-01 13:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 62nd percentile
  47. 2026-09-01 04:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 62nd percentile
  48. 2026-08-30 19:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 62nd percentile
  49. 2026-08-30 01:20 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 62nd percentile
  50. 2026-08-30 01:13 UTCOSV refresh
  51. 2026-08-28 21:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 62nd percentile
  52. 2026-08-27 14:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 62nd percentile
  53. 2026-08-26 14:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 62nd percentile
  54. 2026-08-25 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 62nd percentile
  55. 2026-08-24 14:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 62nd percentile
  56. 2026-08-23 00:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 62nd percentile
  57. 2026-08-21 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 62nd percentile
  58. 2026-08-20 22:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 62nd percentile
  59. 2026-08-19 17:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 62nd percentile
  60. 2026-08-18 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 62nd percentile
  61. 2026-08-16 14:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 62nd percentile
  62. 2026-08-16 02:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 62nd percentile
  63. 2026-08-15 01:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 61st percentile
  64. 2026-08-13 21:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 61st percentile
  65. 2026-08-13 11:21 UTCOSV refresh
  66. 2026-08-12 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 61st percentile
  67. 2026-08-11 13:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 61st percentile
  68. 2026-08-10 23:57 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 61st percentile
  69. 2026-08-09 13:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 61st percentile

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2023-46136?
CVE-2023-46136 is a high-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on October 25, 2023. Werkzeug is a comprehensive WSGI web application library. In versions on the 3.x branch prior to 3.0.1 and on the 2.x branch prior to 2.3.8, if an upload of a file that starts with CR or LF and then is followed by megabytes of data without these characters: all of these bytes are appended chunk by…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2023-46136 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2023-46136 was published on October 25, 2023. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of June 17, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2023-46136 actively exploited?
CVE-2023-46136 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 1.3% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (70th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-46136?
CVE-2023-46136 has a CVSS v3 base score of 7.5 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2023-46136?
A fix for CVE-2023-46136 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2023-46136 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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