In Python before 3,9,5, the ipaddress library mishandles leading zero characters in the octets of an IP address string. This (in some situations) allows attackers to bypass access control that is based on IP addresses.
CVE-2021-29921
“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.
Score 9.8 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: CRITICAL) published 2022-05-24. NVD baseline CVSS 9.8; sources differ by 0.0.
Also known asEUVD-2021-16395 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-cxqv-r2cc-r9c9 (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD
- High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
A fix is available — apply it.
- CVSS v3
- 9.8
- EG Score
- 9.8CRITICALmedium confidence
- EG Risk
- 62EG Risk 62/100
EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.
How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)Severity98% × 45%Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.Exploitation6.8% × 40%FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.Automatability100% × 15%CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high. - EPSS PROB
- 6.8%
- EPSS %ILE
- 94th
- KEV
- Not listed
What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)
The EG score (9.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.
- EG Severity
- 9.8 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
- EG Likelihood
- 6.8% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-01). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
- Confirmed exploitation
- None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
- EG Priority
- SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).
A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table
BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.
The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it
Published
May 6, 2021
Last Modified
October 8, 2026
Advisory Details (10)
Auto-updated Oct 30, 2026Python, PyPy3: Multiple Vulnerabilities (GLSA 202305-02) — Gentoo security
https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202305-02ipaddress leading zeros in IPv4 address — Python Security 0.0 documentation
https://python-security.readthedocs.io/vuln/ipaddress-ipv4-leading-zeros.htmlsecurity/advisories/SICK-2021-014.md at master · sickcodes/security · GitHub
https://github.com/sickcodes/security/blob/master/advisories/SICK-2021-014.mdbpo-36384: Leading zeros in IPv4 addresses are no longer tolerated
Fix merged in python/cpython PR #25099 on 2021-05-02 — awaiting tagged release
https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/25099bpo-36384: Remove check for leading zeroes in IPv4 addresses
Fix merged in python/cpython PR #12577 on 2019-03-30 — awaiting tagged release
https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/12577cpython/Misc/NEWS.d/3.8.0a4.rst at 63298930fb531ba2bb4f23bc3b915dbf1e17e9e1 · python/cpython · GitHub
https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/63298930fb531ba2bb4f23bc3b915dbf1e17e9e1/Misc/NEWS.d/3.8.0a4.rstipaddress — IPv4/IPv6 manipulation library — Python 3.15.2 documentation
https://docs.python.org/3/library/ipaddress.htmlIssue 36384: [security] CVE-2021-29921: ipaddress Should not reject IPv4 addresses with leading zeroes as ambiguously octal - Python tracker
https://bugs.python.org/issue36384Vendor Advisories for CVE-2021-29921(3)
These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.
- RHSA-2021:4160Red Hat Product SecurityMedium
Red Hat Security Advisory: python39:3.9 and python39-devel:3.9 security update
- RHSA-2021:4162Red Hat Product SecurityMedium
Red Hat Security Advisory: python38:3.8 and python38-devel:3.8 security update
- RHSA-2021:3254Red Hat Product SecurityMedium
Red Hat Security Advisory: rh-python38 security, bug fix, and enhancement update
Patch Availability(6)
| Vendor / Ecosystem | Fix (by version range) / Patch | Released | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| ubuntu | python3.8-doc (3.8.10-0ubuntu1~20.04.1) @ focal | 2026-10-30 | ubuntu |
| ubuntu | python3.8-doc (3.8.5-1~20.04.3) @ focal | 2026-10-30 | ubuntu |
| ubuntu | python3.9-venv (3.9.5-3ubuntu0~20.04.1+esm2) @ focal | 2026-10-30 | ubuntu |
| redhat | python39-devel:3.9-8050020210811100211.d428a79b | 2021-11-09 | redhat |
| redhat | python38-devel:3.8-8050020210811101222.e3d35cca | 2021-11-09 | redhat |
| redhat | rh-python38-python-urllib3-0:1.25.7-7.el7 | 2021-08-24 | redhat |
Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.
Affected Packages
(14 across 14 ecosystems)
Alpine:v3.15(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| python3 | — |
| — |
Alpine:v3.16(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| python3 | — |
| — |
Alpine:v3.17(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| python3 | — |
| — |
Alpine:v3.18(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| python3 | — |
| — |
Alpine:v3.19(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| python3 | — |
| — |
Alpine:v3.20(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| python3 | — |
| — |
Alpine:v3.21(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| python3 | — |
| — |
Alpine:v3.22(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| python3 | — |
| — |
Alpine:v3.23(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| python3 | — |
| — |
Alpine:v3.24(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| python3 | — |
| — |
Debian:11(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| python3.9 | 3.9.2-1, 3.9.2-1+deb11u1 |
| — |
Debian:12(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| pypy3 | — |
| — |
Debian:13(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| pypy3 | — |
| — |
Debian:14(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| pypy3 | — |
| — |
Weakness Classification(1)
MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.
Additional Vendor Advisories
(3)
Vendors that published advisories for this CVE beyond the curated set above. Broader coverage but minimal per-row detail — click through for the original advisory.
Data Freshness Timeline
(refreshed 28× in last 7d / 101× in last 30d)
Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.
Showing the most recent 100 of 273 refreshes on record for this CVE.
A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 173 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.
- 2026-11-01 18:48 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-11-01 18:48 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-11-01 18:48 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cxqv-r2cc-r9c9 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-11-01 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.8% · 94th percentile
- 2026-10-31 19:42 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-31 19:42 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-31 19:42 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cxqv-r2cc-r9c9 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-31 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.8% · 94th percentile
- 2026-10-30 20:35 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-30 20:35 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-30 20:35 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cxqv-r2cc-r9c9 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-30 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.8% · 94th percentile
- 2026-10-29 21:28 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-29 21:28 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-29 21:28 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cxqv-r2cc-r9c9 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-29 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.8% · 94th percentile
- 2026-10-28 22:19 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-28 22:19 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-28 22:19 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cxqv-r2cc-r9c9 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-28 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.9% · 94th percentile
- 2026-10-27 23:13 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-27 23:13 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-27 23:13 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cxqv-r2cc-r9c9 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-27 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.9% · 94th percentile
- 2026-10-27 00:05 UTCEG score recompute
Show 75 moreShow fewer
- 2026-10-27 00:05 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-27 00:05 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cxqv-r2cc-r9c9 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-26 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.9% · 94th percentile
- 2026-10-25 21:23 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-25 21:23 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cxqv-r2cc-r9c9 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-25 18:29 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-25 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.9% · 94th percentile
- 2026-10-24 22:14 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-24 22:14 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-24 22:14 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cxqv-r2cc-r9c9 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-24 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.9% · 94th percentile
- 2026-10-23 23:07 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-23 23:07 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-23 23:07 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cxqv-r2cc-r9c9 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-23 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.9% · 94th percentile
- 2026-10-22 23:59 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-22 23:59 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-22 23:59 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cxqv-r2cc-r9c9 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-22 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.9% · 94th percentile
- 2026-10-22 00:45 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-22 00:45 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-22 00:45 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cxqv-r2cc-r9c9 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-21 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.9% · 94th percentile
- 2026-10-21 01:39 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-21 01:39 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-21 01:39 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cxqv-r2cc-r9c9 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-20 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.9% · 94th percentile
- 2026-10-20 02:31 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-20 02:31 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-20 02:31 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cxqv-r2cc-r9c9 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-19 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.9% · 94th percentile
- 2026-10-19 01:59 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-19 01:59 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-19 01:59 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cxqv-r2cc-r9c9 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-18 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.9% · 93rd percentile
- 2026-10-18 09:03 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-18 02:51 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-18 02:51 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-18 02:51 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cxqv-r2cc-r9c9 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-17 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.9% · 93rd percentile
- 2026-10-17 03:43 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-17 03:43 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-17 03:43 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cxqv-r2cc-r9c9 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-16 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.9% · 93rd percentile
- 2026-10-16 04:35 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-16 04:35 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-16 04:35 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cxqv-r2cc-r9c9 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-15 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.9% · 93rd percentile
- 2026-10-15 03:02 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-15 03:02 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-15 03:02 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cxqv-r2cc-r9c9 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-14 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.9% · 93rd percentile
- 2026-10-13 23:14 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-13 23:14 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-13 23:14 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cxqv-r2cc-r9c9 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-13 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.9% · 93rd percentile
- 2026-10-12 19:19 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-12 19:19 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cxqv-r2cc-r9c9 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-12 19:18 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-12 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.9% · 93rd percentile
- 2026-10-11 23:44 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 13:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.9% · 93rd percentile
- 2026-10-10 19:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.9% · 93rd percentile
- 2026-10-09 20:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.9% · 93rd percentile
- 2026-10-08 22:28 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-08 22:28 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cxqv-r2cc-r9c9 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-08 21:33 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-08 21:33 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-08 21:33 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cxqv-r2cc-r9c9 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-10-08 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.9% · 93rd percentile
- 2026-10-07 23:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.9% · 93rd percentile
- 2026-10-06 15:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.9% · 93rd percentile
- 2026-10-05 17:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.9% · 93rd percentile
- 2026-10-04 23:19 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.9% · 93rd percentile
- 2026-10-03 14:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.9% · 93rd percentile
Related CVEs(same product + same vendor + same CWE)
Same product
10 shownAlpine:v3.15:python3 · Alpine:v3.18:python3
Same vendor
10 shownredhat:RHSA-2021:3254 · redhat:RHSA-2021:4160
Frequently asked(5)
What is CVE-2021-29921?
When was the CVE record for CVE-2021-29921 published?
Is CVE-2021-29921 actively exploited?
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2021-29921?
How do I remediate CVE-2021-29921?
Dependency Blast Radius
See which npm, PyPI, Go, and Maven packages are affected by CVE-2021-29921
Is Your Infrastructure Affected by CVE-2021-29921?
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