When running on Windows with enableCmdLineArguments enabled, the CGI Servlet in Apache Tomcat 9.0.0.M1 to 9.0.17, 8.5.0 to 8.5.39 and 7.0.0 to 7.0.93 is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution due to a bug in the way the JRE passes command line arguments to Windows. The CGI Servlet is disabled by default. The CGI option enableCmdLineArguments is disable by default in Tomcat 9.0.x (and will be disabled by default in all versions in response to this vulnerability). For a detailed explanation of the JRE behaviour, see Markus Wulftange's blog (https://codewhitesec.blogspot.com/2016/02/java-and-command-line-injections-in-windows.html) and this archived MSDN blog (https://web.archive.org/web/20161228144344/https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/twistylittlepassagesallalike/2011/04/23/everyone-quotes-command-line-arguments-the-wrong-way/).
CVE-2019-0232
“▲” beside the score: it is higher than NVD's CVSS score.
Score elevated to 9.0 because EPSS predicted 99.9% probability of exploitation within the next 30 days (99th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs) when EchelonGraph scored this CVE. NVD baseline CVSS 8.1 retained for reference. Confidence: see factors.
Also known asEUVD-2019-0411 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-8vmx-qmch-mpqg (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD
- 69 internet-facing services (distinct ip:port) on record running an affected version — derived from Shodan data (© Shodan); a patched service can stay counted while its port stays open
- High exploitation likelihood — EPSS 99.9%
- Public exploit code is available (Metasploit, Exploit-DB, marked verified by Exploit-DB, other public proof-of-concept code)
A fix is available — apply it.
69 internet-facing services (distinct ip:port) on record running a version that maps to CVE-2019-0232, in our KEV-Exposure radar’s Shodan-derived sample.
How it counts: every 12 hours, when Shodan query credits allow, the radar runs one Shodan query per tracked product, reads up to 100 ip:port services per query, and keeps a service when its banner version matches a CISA-KEV or high-EPSS CVE; a service is dropped when neither a search nor a Shodan InternetDB port re-check has refreshed it for 21 days. A re-check that finds the port still listed by Shodan InternetDB refreshes the service without re-reading the banner, so a patched service can stay counted while its port stays open. A count is a banner-version inference over a sample, not an exploit test and not an internet-wide census, and the unit is a service, not a machine: a machine answering on two ports counts twice.
- CVSS v3
- 8.1
- EG Score
- 9.0CRITICALhigh confidence
- EG Risk
- 76EG Risk 76/100
EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.
How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)Severity81% × 45%Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 8.1 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.Exploitation99.9% × 40%FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.Automatability0% × 15%CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines. - EPSS PROB
- 99.9%
- EPSS %ILE
- 99th
- KEV
- Not listed
What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)
The EG score (9.0): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.0 is EPSS's lift toward 9.0 from its impact severity (EG Severity, CVSS 8.1 HIGH): a likelihood of exploitation, not impact.
- EG Severity
- 8.1 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
- EG Likelihood
- 99.9% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-02). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
- Confirmed exploitation
- None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
- EG Priority
- SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table
BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.
The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it
Published
April 15, 2019
Last Modified
November 2, 2026
Advisory Details (9)
Auto-updated Sep 21, 2026CODE WHITE | Blog: Java and Command Line Injections in Windows
https://codewhitesec.blogspot.com/2016/02/java-and-command-line-injections-in-windows.htmlFull Disclosure: RCE in CGI Servlet – Apache Tomcat on Windows – CVE-2019-0232
http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2019/May/4Patch Availability(5)
| Vendor / Ecosystem | Fix (by version range) / Patch | Released | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| redhat | jws5-tomcat-vault-0:1.1.8-1.Final_redhat_1.1.el8jws | 2019-11-20 | redhat |
| redhat | tomcat8 | 2019-07-09 | redhat |
| maven | org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core @ 8.5.40 (fixes >= 8.0.0, < 8.5.40) | — | ghsa |
| maven | org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core @ 9.0.17 (fixes >= 9.0.0.M1, < 9.0.17) | — | ghsa |
| maven | org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core @ 7.0.94 (fixes >= 7.0.0, < 7.0.94) | — | ghsa |
Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.
Affected Packages
(1 across 1 ecosystem)
Maven(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core | 7.0.0 ... 7.0.93 (65 versions) |
| — |
Weakness Classification(1)
MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.
All Vendor Advisories
(2)
Every vendor that published an advisory referencing this CVE — pulled from our cve_vendor_advisories aggregation. Click any row for the vendor's original advisory page.
Data Freshness Timeline
(refreshed 22× in last 7d / 52× in last 30d)
Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.
A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 3 repeat rows among the latest 85 are merged into the row they repeat.
- 2026-11-02 18:27 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-11-02 18:27 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8vmx-qmch-mpqg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.1
- 2026-11-02 17:33 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-11-02 17:33 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-11-02 17:33 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8vmx-qmch-mpqg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.1
- 2026-11-01 20:20 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-11-01 20:20 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-11-01 20:20 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8vmx-qmch-mpqg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.1
- 2026-11-01 08:42 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8vmx-qmch-mpqg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.1
- 2026-11-01 08:42 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-31 21:26 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-31 21:26 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-30 22:33 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-30 22:33 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-29 23:39 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-29 23:39 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-29 00:46 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-29 00:46 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-28 01:49 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-28 01:49 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-27 02:52 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-27 02:52 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-25 23:54 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-25 19:13 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-25 01:00 UTCEG score recompute
Show 57 moreShow fewer
- 2026-10-25 01:00 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-24 02:06 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-24 02:06 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-23 03:12 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-23 03:12 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-22 04:17 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-22 04:17 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-21 05:24 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-21 05:24 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-20 06:30 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-20 06:30 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-19 07:34 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-19 07:34 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-18 08:39 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-18 08:39 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-17 09:45 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-17 09:45 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-16 10:48 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-16 10:48 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-15 10:48 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-15 10:48 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-14 06:38 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-14 06:38 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-13 01:56 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-12 20:06 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-12 00:30 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-08 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 99.9% · 99th percentile
- 2026-09-30 10:06 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-09-28 09:32 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-09-24 13:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 99.9% · 99th percentile
- 2026-09-21 20:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 99% · 99th percentile
- 2026-09-11 09:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 99.7% · 99th percentile
- 2026-09-08 13:04 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-09-06 13:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 99.7% · 99th percentile
- 2026-08-30 19:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 99.7% · 99th percentile
- 2026-08-28 21:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 99% · 99th percentile
- 2026-08-26 14:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 99.7% · 99th percentile
- 2026-08-25 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 99.7% · 99th percentile
- 2026-08-24 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 99.7% · 99th percentile
- 2026-08-21 23:41 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-08-17 13:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 99.7% · 99th percentile
- 2026-08-16 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 99.6% · 99th percentile
- 2026-08-12 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 99.7% · 99th percentile
- 2026-08-06 05:21 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-07-23 01:38 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-07-22 22:18 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-07-20 18:02 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-07-06 16:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 99.7% · 99th percentile
- 2026-07-03 13:26 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-07-01 15:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 99.7% · 99th percentile
- 2026-06-28 14:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 99.7% · 99th percentile
- 2026-06-17 17:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 99.7% · 99th percentile
- 2026-06-15 17:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 99.7% · 99th percentile
- 2026-06-15 03:13 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-05-28 13:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 94% · 99th percentile
- 2026-05-27 20:34 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-05-27 20:34 UTCVendor advisory
Publicly available exploits
(9 references)Public exploit code is referenced for this CVE (1 Metasploit module, 1 Exploit-DB entry, 6 GitHub PoCs), as is 1 Nuclei detection template. A detection template checks whether a system is affected; it is not necessarily exploit code. Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly.
- Exploit-DBEDB-47073✓ verifiedPublished Jul 3, 2019
Apache Tomcat - CGIServlet enableCmdLineArguments Remote Code Execution (Metasploit)
Open source ↗ - Metasploitexploit/windows/http/tomcat_cgi_cmdlineargs✓ verifiedPublished Jul 1, 2019
Apache Tomcat CGIServlet enableCmdLineArguments Vulnerability
Open source ↗ - GitHub PoCDharan10/CVE-2019-0232Published Dec 29, 2024
Hi this is a revised and enhanced code for CVE-2019-0232
Open source ↗ - Nucleihttp/cves/2019/CVE-2019-0232.yamlPublished Sep 24, 2024
Apache Tomcat `CGIServlet` enableCmdLineArguments - Remote Code Execution
Open source ↗ - GitHub PoCjaiguptanick/CVE-2019-0232Published Mar 25, 2021
Vulnerability analysis and PoC for the Apache Tomcat - CGIServlet enableCmdLineArguments Remote Code Execution (RCE)
Open source ↗ - GitHub PoCsetrus/CVE-2019-0232Published Nov 21, 2019
CVE-2019-0232-Remote Code Execution on Apache Tomcat 7.0.42
Open source ↗ - Open source ↗GitHub PoCcyy95/CVE-2019-0232-EXPPublished May 23, 2019
- GitHub PoCjas502n/CVE-2019-0232Published Apr 16, 2019
Apache Tomcat Remote Code Execution on Windows - CGI-BIN
Open source ↗ - GitHub PoCpyn3rd/CVE-2019-0232Published Apr 15, 2019
Apache Tomcat Remote Code Execution on Windows
Open source ↗
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Frequently asked(5)
What is CVE-2019-0232?
When was CVE-2019-0232 made public?
Is CVE-2019-0232 actively exploited?
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2019-0232?
How do I remediate CVE-2019-0232?
Dependency Blast Radius
See which npm, PyPI, Go, and Maven packages are affected by CVE-2019-0232
Is Your Infrastructure Affected by CVE-2019-0232?
EchelonGraph automatically scans your cloud infrastructure and maps CVE exposure using blast radius analysis.