CVE-2019-0232

CRITICALNVD 8.19.0
EchelonGraph scoreHIGH confidence

“▲” beside the score: it is higher than NVD's CVSS score.

Score elevated to 9.0 because EPSS predicted 99.9% probability of exploitation within the next 30 days (99th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs) when EchelonGraph scored this CVE. NVD baseline CVSS 8.1 retained for reference. Confidence: see factors.

Triggered by: EPSS exploit prediction (continuous uplift above 30%)
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 3 sources updated this weekWeaponized

Also known asEUVD-2019-0411 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-8vmx-qmch-mpqg (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.0EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • 69 internet-facing services (distinct ip:port) on record running an affected version — derived from Shodan data (© Shodan); a patched service can stay counted while its port stays open
  • High exploitation likelihood — EPSS 99.9%
  • Public exploit code is available (Metasploit, Exploit-DB, marked verified by Exploit-DB, other public proof-of-concept code)
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 99.9%CVSS: 8.1Exploit: Metasploit · Exploit-DB (verified) · other public PoCExposed services: 69

A fix is available — apply it.

When running on Windows with enableCmdLineArguments enabled, the CGI Servlet in Apache Tomcat 9.0.0.M1 to 9.0.17, 8.5.0 to 8.5.39 and 7.0.0 to 7.0.93 is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution due to a bug in the way the JRE passes command line arguments to Windows. The CGI Servlet is disabled by default. The CGI option enableCmdLineArguments is disable by default in Tomcat 9.0.x (and will be disabled by default in all versions in response to this vulnerability). For a detailed explanation of the JRE behaviour, see Markus Wulftange's blog (https://codewhitesec.blogspot.com/2016/02/java-and-command-line-injections-in-windows.html) and this archived MSDN blog (https://web.archive.org/web/20161228144344/https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/twistylittlepassagesallalike/2011/04/23/everyone-quotes-command-line-arguments-the-wrong-way/).

Internet exposure · derived from Shodan data

69 internet-facing services (distinct ip:port) on record running a version that maps to CVE-2019-0232, in our KEV-Exposure radar’s Shodan-derived sample.

across 22 countries (China, United States, Korea, Republic of, Brazil, Canada)top: tomcat
See the KEV-Exposure radar →Derived from Shodan data. Shodan data is owned by Shodan, which holds its copyright (© Shodan). EchelonGraph claims no ownership of it or copyright in it. Aggregate, host-redacted.

How it counts: every 12 hours, when Shodan query credits allow, the radar runs one Shodan query per tracked product, reads up to 100 ip:port services per query, and keeps a service when its banner version matches a CISA-KEV or high-EPSS CVE; a service is dropped when neither a search nor a Shodan InternetDB port re-check has refreshed it for 21 days. A re-check that finds the port still listed by Shodan InternetDB refreshes the service without re-reading the banner, so a patched service can stay counted while its port stays open. A count is a banner-version inference over a sample, not an exploit test and not an internet-wide census, and the unit is a service, not a machine: a machine answering on two ports counts twice.

CVSS v3
8.1
EG Score
9.0CRITICALhigh confidence
EG Risk
76
EG Risk 76/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity81% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 8.1 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation99.9% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
99.9%
EPSS %ILE
99th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.0): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.0 is EPSS's lift toward 9.0 from its impact severity (EG Severity, CVSS 8.1 HIGH): a likelihood of exploitation, not impact.

EG Severity
8.1 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
99.9% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-02). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

April 15, 2019

Last Modified

November 2, 2026

Patch Availability(5)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
redhatjws5-tomcat-vault-0:1.1.8-1.Final_redhat_1.1.el8jws2019-11-20redhat
redhattomcat82019-07-09redhat
mavenorg.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core @ 8.5.40 (fixes >= 8.0.0, < 8.5.40)—ghsa
mavenorg.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core @ 9.0.17 (fixes >= 9.0.0.M1, < 9.0.17)—ghsa
mavenorg.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core @ 7.0.94 (fixes >= 7.0.0, < 7.0.94)—ghsa

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
Maven(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core7.0.0 ... 7.0.93 (65 versions)
  • 9.0.0.M1 up to 9.0.17: fixed in 9.0.17
  • 8.0.0 up to 8.5.40: fixed in 8.5.40
  • 7.0.0 up to 7.0.94: fixed in 7.0.94
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

All Vendor Advisories

(2)

Every vendor that published an advisory referencing this CVE — pulled from our cve_vendor_advisories aggregation. Click any row for the vendor's original advisory page.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 22× in last 7d / 52× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 3 repeat rows among the latest 85 are merged into the row they repeat.

  1. 2026-11-02 18:27 UTCVendor advisory
  2. 2026-11-02 18:27 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8vmx-qmch-mpqg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.1
  3. 2026-11-02 17:33 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-11-02 17:33 UTCVendor advisory
  5. 2026-11-02 17:33 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8vmx-qmch-mpqg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.1
  6. 2026-11-01 20:20 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-11-01 20:20 UTCVendor advisory
  8. 2026-11-01 20:20 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8vmx-qmch-mpqg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.1
  9. 2026-11-01 08:42 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8vmx-qmch-mpqg · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.1
  10. 2026-11-01 08:42 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-31 21:26 UTCEG score recompute
  12. 2026-10-31 21:26 UTCVendor advisory
  13. 2026-10-30 22:33 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-30 22:33 UTCVendor advisory
  15. 2026-10-29 23:39 UTCEG score recompute
  16. 2026-10-29 23:39 UTCVendor advisory
  17. 2026-10-29 00:46 UTCEG score recompute
  18. 2026-10-29 00:46 UTCVendor advisory
  19. 2026-10-28 01:49 UTCEG score recompute
  20. 2026-10-28 01:49 UTCVendor advisory
  21. 2026-10-27 02:52 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-10-27 02:52 UTCVendor advisory
  23. 2026-10-25 23:54 UTCVendor advisory
  24. 2026-10-25 19:13 UTCEG score recompute
  25. 2026-10-25 01:00 UTCEG score recompute
Show 57 more
  1. 2026-10-25 01:00 UTCVendor advisory
  2. 2026-10-24 02:06 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-10-24 02:06 UTCVendor advisory
  4. 2026-10-23 03:12 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-23 03:12 UTCVendor advisory
  6. 2026-10-22 04:17 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-22 04:17 UTCVendor advisory
  8. 2026-10-21 05:24 UTCEG score recompute
  9. 2026-10-21 05:24 UTCVendor advisory
  10. 2026-10-20 06:30 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-20 06:30 UTCVendor advisory
  12. 2026-10-19 07:34 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-10-19 07:34 UTCVendor advisory
  14. 2026-10-18 08:39 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-18 08:39 UTCVendor advisory
  16. 2026-10-17 09:45 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-10-17 09:45 UTCVendor advisory
  18. 2026-10-16 10:48 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-16 10:48 UTCVendor advisory
  20. 2026-10-15 10:48 UTCEG score recompute
  21. 2026-10-15 10:48 UTCVendor advisory
  22. 2026-10-14 06:38 UTCEG score recompute
  23. 2026-10-14 06:38 UTCVendor advisory
  24. 2026-10-13 01:56 UTCVendor advisory
  25. 2026-10-12 20:06 UTCEG score recompute
  26. 2026-10-12 00:30 UTCEG score recompute
  27. 2026-10-08 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 99.9% · 99th percentile
  28. 2026-09-30 10:06 UTCEG score recompute
  29. 2026-09-28 09:32 UTCOSV refresh
  30. 2026-09-24 13:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 99.9% · 99th percentile
  31. 2026-09-21 20:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 99% · 99th percentile
  32. 2026-09-11 09:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 99.7% · 99th percentile
  33. 2026-09-08 13:04 UTCOSV refresh
  34. 2026-09-06 13:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 99.7% · 99th percentile
  35. 2026-08-30 19:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 99.7% · 99th percentile
  36. 2026-08-28 21:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 99% · 99th percentile
  37. 2026-08-26 14:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 99.7% · 99th percentile
  38. 2026-08-25 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 99.7% · 99th percentile
  39. 2026-08-24 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 99.7% · 99th percentile
  40. 2026-08-21 23:41 UTCOSV refresh
  41. 2026-08-17 13:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 99.7% · 99th percentile
  42. 2026-08-16 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 99.6% · 99th percentile
  43. 2026-08-12 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 99.7% · 99th percentile
  44. 2026-08-06 05:21 UTCOSV refresh
  45. 2026-07-23 01:38 UTCEG score recompute
  46. 2026-07-22 22:18 UTCEG score recompute
  47. 2026-07-20 18:02 UTCOSV refresh
  48. 2026-07-06 16:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 99.7% · 99th percentile
  49. 2026-07-03 13:26 UTCOSV refresh
  50. 2026-07-01 15:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 99.7% · 99th percentile
  51. 2026-06-28 14:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 99.7% · 99th percentile
  52. 2026-06-17 17:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 99.7% · 99th percentile
  53. 2026-06-15 17:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 99.7% · 99th percentile
  54. 2026-06-15 03:13 UTCOSV refresh
  55. 2026-05-28 13:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 94% · 99th percentile
  56. 2026-05-27 20:34 UTCEG score recompute
  57. 2026-05-27 20:34 UTCVendor advisory

Publicly available exploits

(9 references)

Public exploit code is referenced for this CVE (1 Metasploit module, 1 Exploit-DB entry, 6 GitHub PoCs), as is 1 Nuclei detection template. A detection template checks whether a system is affected; it is not necessarily exploit code. Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly.

  • Exploit-DBEDB-47073✓ verified
    Published Jul 3, 2019

    Apache Tomcat - CGIServlet enableCmdLineArguments Remote Code Execution (Metasploit)

    Open source ↗
  • Metasploitexploit/windows/http/tomcat_cgi_cmdlineargs✓ verified
    Published Jul 1, 2019

    Apache Tomcat CGIServlet enableCmdLineArguments Vulnerability

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCDharan10/CVE-2019-0232
    Published Dec 29, 2024

    Hi this is a revised and enhanced code for CVE-2019-0232

    Open source ↗
  • Nucleihttp/cves/2019/CVE-2019-0232.yaml
    Published Sep 24, 2024

    Apache Tomcat `CGIServlet` enableCmdLineArguments - Remote Code Execution

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCjaiguptanick/CVE-2019-0232
    Published Mar 25, 2021

    Vulnerability analysis and PoC for the Apache Tomcat - CGIServlet enableCmdLineArguments Remote Code Execution (RCE)

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCsetrus/CVE-2019-0232
    Published Nov 21, 2019

    CVE-2019-0232-Remote Code Execution on Apache Tomcat 7.0.42

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCcyy95/CVE-2019-0232-EXP
    Published May 23, 2019
    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCjas502n/CVE-2019-0232
    Published Apr 16, 2019

    Apache Tomcat Remote Code Execution on Windows - CGI-BIN

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCpyn3rd/CVE-2019-0232
    Published Apr 15, 2019

    Apache Tomcat Remote Code Execution on Windows

    Open source ↗

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2019-0232?
CVE-2019-0232 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on April 15, 2019. When running on Windows with enableCmdLineArguments enabled, the CGI Servlet in Apache Tomcat 9.0.0.M1 to 9.0.17, 8.5.0 to 8.5.39 and 7.0.0 to 7.0.93 is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution due to a bug in the way the JRE passes command line arguments to Windows. The CGI Servlet is disabled by…
When was CVE-2019-0232 made public?
CVE-2019-0232 was made public on April 10, 2019: that is the date its CVE record's CNA, Apache Software Foundation, gives for when the vulnerability was made public. The CVE record itself was published on April 15, 2019. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of November 2, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2019-0232 actively exploited?
CVE-2019-0232 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. EchelonGraph's EG-KEV model places it in Tier 2 (Weaponized), which is not evidence of exploitation: a Metasploit module exists for it, and Exploit-DB marks a public exploit for it as verified. EchelonGraph does not test whether exploit code works. FIRST EPSS estimates a 99.9% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (99th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2019-0232?
CVE-2019-0232 has a CVSS v3 base score of 8.1 (NVD). EchelonGraph synthesises NVD + FIRST EPSS + GHSA into a combined EG score of 9.0 (CRITICAL).
How do I remediate CVE-2019-0232?
A fix for CVE-2019-0232 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory.

Dependency Blast Radius

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