CVE-2018-16471

MEDIUMNVD 6.16.1—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

This medium-severity CVE scores 6.1 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.8%, top 25% of all CVEs by exploit prediction. GitHub Security Advisory data not yet ingested — confidence will rise once GHSA publishes (typical lag: hours to days for open-source ecosystem CVEs; never for infrastructure-only CVEs).

Triggered by: NVD CVSS baseline
Sources: epss, nvd
6.1
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorLow exploitation likelihood right now — keep watching.
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS: 2%CVSS: 6.1Exploit: NoneExposed: 0

A fix is available — apply it.

There is a possible XSS vulnerability in Rack before 2.0.6 and 1.6.11. Carefully crafted requests can impact the data returned by the scheme method on Rack::Request. Applications that expect the scheme to be limited to 'http' or 'https' and do not escape the return value could be vulnerable to an XSS attack. Note that applications using the normal escaping mechanisms provided by Rails may not impacted, but applications that bypass the escaping mechanisms, or do not use them may be vulnerable.

CVSS v3
6.1
EG Score
6.1(medium)
EPSS
77.3%
KEV
Not listed

Published

November 13, 2018

Last Modified

November 21, 2024

References (10)

Patch Availability(1)

Vendor / EcosystemFixed in / PatchReleasedSource
ubunturuby-rack (1.6.4-3ubuntu0.1) @ xenial2026-05-28ubuntu

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
RubyGems(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
rack0.1.0 ... 1.6.9 (67 versions)1.6.11—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

All Vendor Advisories

(1)

Every vendor that published an advisory referencing this CVE — pulled from our cve_vendor_advisories aggregation. Click any row for the vendor's original advisory page.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 10× in last 7d / 41× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

  1. 2026-07-22 14:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-07-21 15:21 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-07-21 03:11 UTCOSV refresh
  4. 2026-07-20 17:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-07-20 17:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-07-19 14:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-07-19 02:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-07-19 02:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-07-16 16:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-07-16 16:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-07-15 16:55 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-07-15 01:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-07-13 22:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  14. 2026-07-13 06:10 UTCEPSS rescore
  15. 2026-07-12 05:43 UTCEPSS rescore
  16. 2026-07-11 08:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-07-09 19:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-07-08 15:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-07-07 13:42 UTCEPSS rescore
  20. 2026-07-07 13:42 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-07-06 16:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-07-06 16:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-07-06 02:20 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-07-05 02:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-07-04 06:28 UTCEPSS rescore
Show 68 more
  1. 2026-07-03 22:26 UTCOSV refresh
  2. 2026-07-02 16:54 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-07-01 15:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-07-01 15:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-06-30 23:19 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-06-30 23:19 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-06-29 14:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-06-28 14:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-06-28 04:53 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-06-28 04:53 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-06-27 03:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-06-25 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-06-25 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  14. 2026-06-24 14:02 UTCEPSS rescore
  15. 2026-06-24 14:02 UTCEPSS rescore
  16. 2026-06-23 21:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-06-22 14:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-06-21 14:54 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-06-21 14:54 UTCEPSS rescore
  20. 2026-06-21 01:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-06-21 01:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-06-19 19:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-06-18 17:50 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-06-18 17:50 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-06-17 17:50 UTCEPSS rescore
  26. 2026-06-17 17:50 UTCEPSS rescore
  27. 2026-06-16 17:50 UTCEPSS rescore
  28. 2026-06-16 17:50 UTCEPSS rescore
  29. 2026-06-15 17:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  30. 2026-06-15 10:13 UTCOSV refresh
  31. 2026-06-14 23:14 UTCEPSS rescore
  32. 2026-06-14 23:14 UTCEPSS rescore
  33. 2026-06-13 22:58 UTCEPSS rescore
  34. 2026-06-13 22:58 UTCEPSS rescore
  35. 2026-06-12 23:09 UTCEPSS rescore
  36. 2026-06-11 13:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  37. 2026-06-10 22:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  38. 2026-06-10 13:19 UTCEPSS rescore
  39. 2026-06-08 14:14 UTCEPSS rescore
  40. 2026-06-08 14:14 UTCEPSS rescore
  41. 2026-06-07 15:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  42. 2026-06-07 15:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  43. 2026-06-06 13:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  44. 2026-06-06 13:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  45. 2026-06-05 22:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  46. 2026-06-05 22:44 UTCEPSS rescore
  47. 2026-06-05 06:08 UTCEPSS rescore
  48. 2026-06-05 06:08 UTCEPSS rescore
  49. 2026-06-04 13:10 UTCEPSS rescore
  50. 2026-06-04 13:10 UTCEPSS rescore
  51. 2026-06-02 20:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  52. 2026-06-02 20:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  53. 2026-05-31 22:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  54. 2026-05-31 22:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  55. 2026-05-31 00:14 UTCEPSS rescore
  56. 2026-05-31 00:14 UTCEPSS rescore
  57. 2026-05-29 13:41 UTCEPSS rescore
  58. 2026-05-28 13:42 UTCEPSS rescore
  59. 2026-05-28 13:42 UTCEPSS rescore
  60. 2026-05-28 01:13 UTCEG score recompute
  61. 2026-05-28 01:13 UTCVendor advisory
  62. 2026-05-27 13:38 UTCEPSS rescore
  63. 2026-05-27 13:38 UTCEPSS rescore
  64. 2026-05-26 13:42 UTCEPSS rescore
  65. 2026-05-26 13:42 UTCEPSS rescore
  66. 2026-05-26 07:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  67. 2026-05-26 07:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  68. 2026-05-25 04:07 UTCOSV refresh

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2018-16471?
CVE-2018-16471 is a medium vulnerability published on November 13, 2018. There is a possible XSS vulnerability in Rack before 2.0.6 and 1.6.11. Carefully crafted requests can impact the data returned by the scheme method on Rack::Request. Applications that expect the scheme to be limited to 'http' or 'https' and do not escape the return value could be vulnerable to an…
When was CVE-2018-16471 disclosed?
CVE-2018-16471 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on November 13, 2018, with the most recent update on November 21, 2024. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2018-16471 actively exploited?
CVE-2018-16471 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 77.3% percentile likelihood of exploitation in the next 30 days — higher percentiles indicate greater predicted risk.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2018-16471?
CVE-2018-16471 has a CVSS v3 base score of 6.1 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2018-16471?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2018-16471, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

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