CVE-2026-98078

MEDIUMNVD 4.44.4
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 4.4 from GitHub Security Advisory published 2026-09-25. NVD baseline CVSS 4.4; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3

Also known asEUVD-2026-86908 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-22jc-j6q2-9wv9 (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

4.4EG
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.2%CVSS: 4.4Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

ipvs: fix reversed sequence option serialization

hton_seq() expects the host-order source first and the unaligned network-order destination second. The version 1 sync sender passes these arguments in reverse for both sequence blocks. This leaves 24 bytes of the kmalloc-backed message unwritten. It may disclose stale heap data and replace the live connection sequence state with values read from the buffer.

Pass the connection sequence state as the source and the message payload as the destination for both blocks.

CVSS v3
4.4
EG Score
4.4MEDIUMmedium confidence
EG Risk
20
EG Risk 20/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity44% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 4.4 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.1% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's BOD 26-04 default: no one has published Automatable for this CVE, and CISA treats it as “no” for a CVE not in KEV.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (no CISA value, KEV listing or exploit code on record) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). EchelonGraph holds no SSVC assessment of this CVE from CISA: none of these inputs is from Vulnrichment. EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.2%
EPSS %ILE
4th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (4.4): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 4.4 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
4.4 MEDIUMCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.2% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS. FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (no CISA value, KEV listing or exploit code on record) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). EchelonGraph holds no SSVC assessment of this CVE from CISA: none of these inputs is from Vulnrichment. EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). Where an input reads “CISA's BOD 26-04 default”, no one has published it for this CVE, and CISA's implementation guidance says: “If “Automatable” and “Technical Impact” information items about a CVE ID are not available and the CVE ID is not in the KEV Catalog, CISA will treat its values as “no” and “total,” respectively, until CISA or a third party provides metadata about the CVE ID. CISA will always provide the Vulnrichment data for a CVE ID listed in the KEV Catalog.” Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

September 25, 2026

Last Modified

October 19, 2026

Advisory Details (8)

Auto-updated Oct 8, 2026
Patch available.
Web page

ipvs: fix reversed sequence option serialization - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f487b5788f15c6c32a219ed1480d25c93fc18d30
Web page

ipvs: fix reversed sequence option serialization - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e1c9f9446d3eaae323f1689f9e5de3b1ad6e47ec
Web page

ipvs: fix reversed sequence option serialization - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/de6cc6ec7932bc530f2bb92005dac9123d50659c
Web page

ipvs: fix reversed sequence option serialization - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bbc68ba258a4eb0a2ca3b3a105550801aa8b00b0
Web page

ipvs: fix reversed sequence option serialization - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b04578b74f2d3755548fe9e829e3b2a6c6f966a1
Web page

ipvs: fix reversed sequence option serialization - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ae38b2ae16f709c0193e1b4340bde26ef3e2687d
Web page

ipvs: fix reversed sequence option serialization - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/677ff8ab30a663cde984d8afe86465fd0d81aeef
Web page

ipvs: fix reversed sequence option serialization - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/524599714558da83747c04952d378155c69f5b6b

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-98078(2)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Affected Packages

(4 across 3 ecosystems)
Debian:12(2)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.1.106-1 ... 7.2~rc7-1~exp1 (360 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
linux-6.126.12.100-1~deb12u1, 6.12.101-1~deb12u1, 6.12.107-1~deb12u1
  • every version up to 6.12.111-1~deb12u1: fixed in 6.12.111-1~deb12u1
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.12.100-1 ... 6.12.96-1 (35 versions)
  • every version up to 6.12.111-1: fixed in 6.12.111-1
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.12.100-1 ... 7.2~rc7-1~exp1 (180 versions)
  • every version up to 7.2.7-1: fixed in 7.2.7-1
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 7× in last 7d / 63× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 1 repeat row among the latest 79 is merged into the row it repeats.

  1. 2026-11-01 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  2. 2026-10-31 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  3. 2026-10-30 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  4. 2026-10-29 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  5. 2026-10-28 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  6. 2026-10-27 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  7. 2026-10-26 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  8. 2026-10-25 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  9. 2026-10-25 13:47 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-10-25 12:34 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-25 12:34 UTCVendor advisory
  12. 2026-10-25 12:34 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-22jc-j6q2-9wv9 · GitHub CVSS 4.4
  13. 2026-10-24 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 3rd percentile
  14. 2026-10-23 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 3rd percentile
  15. 2026-10-22 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 3rd percentile
  16. 2026-10-21 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 3rd percentile
  17. 2026-10-20 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 3rd percentile
  18. 2026-10-19 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 3rd percentile
  19. 2026-10-19 10:30 UTCVendor advisory
  20. 2026-10-19 10:29 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-22jc-j6q2-9wv9 · GitHub CVSS 4.4
  21. 2026-10-19 09:46 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-10-19 09:46 UTCVendor advisory
  23. 2026-10-19 09:46 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-22jc-j6q2-9wv9 · GitHub CVSS 4.4
  24. 2026-10-18 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 3rd percentile
  25. 2026-10-18 02:56 UTCEG score recompute
Show 53 more
  1. 2026-10-17 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 3rd percentile
  2. 2026-10-16 16:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 3rd percentile
  3. 2026-10-15 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 3rd percentile
  4. 2026-10-14 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 3rd percentile
  5. 2026-10-13 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 3rd percentile
  6. 2026-10-12 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 3rd percentile
  7. 2026-10-12 14:39 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-11 19:10 UTCEG score recompute
  9. 2026-10-11 18:20 UTCVendor advisory
  10. 2026-10-11 18:20 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-22jc-j6q2-9wv9 · GitHub CVSS 4.4
  11. 2026-10-11 16:25 UTCEG score recompute
  12. 2026-10-11 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 3rd percentile
  13. 2026-10-11 13:37 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 3rd percentile
  15. 2026-10-10 17:10 UTCEG score recompute
  16. 2026-10-10 17:10 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-22jc-j6q2-9wv9 · GitHub CVSS 4.4
  17. 2026-10-09 20:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 3rd percentile
  18. 2026-10-09 16:22 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-09 16:22 UTCVendor advisory
  20. 2026-10-09 16:22 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-22jc-j6q2-9wv9 · GitHub CVSS 4.4
  21. 2026-10-08 17:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  22. 2026-10-08 15:34 UTCEG score recomputeFirst assessed: 4.4 MEDIUM
  23. 2026-10-08 15:34 UTCVendor advisory
  24. 2026-10-08 15:34 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-22jc-j6q2-9wv9 · GitHub CVSS 4.4
  25. 2026-10-08 15:34 UTCNVD updateCVSS v3 → 4.4 · severity → MEDIUM
  26. 2026-10-07 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  27. 2026-10-06 15:19 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  28. 2026-10-06 13:13 UTCVendor advisory
  29. 2026-10-06 13:13 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-22jc-j6q2-9wv9
  30. 2026-10-05 17:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  31. 2026-10-04 23:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  32. 2026-10-03 14:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  33. 2026-10-03 11:27 UTCVendor advisory
  34. 2026-10-03 11:27 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-22jc-j6q2-9wv9
  35. 2026-10-03 11:26 UTCNVD update
  36. 2026-10-03 11:12 UTCVendor advisory
  37. 2026-10-03 11:12 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-22jc-j6q2-9wv9
  38. 2026-10-03 11:10 UTCMITRE cvelistV5
  39. 2026-10-02 17:57 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  40. 2026-10-01 19:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  41. 2026-09-30 15:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  42. 2026-09-30 14:35 UTCEG score recompute
  43. 2026-09-30 14:35 UTCVendor advisory
  44. 2026-09-30 14:35 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-22jc-j6q2-9wv9
  45. 2026-09-28 13:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  46. 2026-09-28 13:18 UTCEG score recompute
  47. 2026-09-28 13:18 UTCVendor advisory
  48. 2026-09-28 13:18 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-22jc-j6q2-9wv9
  49. 2026-09-27 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  50. 2026-09-26 15:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  51. 2026-09-25 11:30 UTCNVD update
  52. 2026-09-25 10:27 UTCEG score recompute
  53. 2026-09-25 10:27 UTCMITRE cvelistV5first tracked

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-98078?
CVE-2026-98078 is a medium-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on September 25, 2026. In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ipvs: fix reversed sequence option serialization hton_seq() expects the host-order source first and the unaligned network-order destination second. The version 1 sync sender passes these arguments in reverse for both sequence…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-98078 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-98078 was published on September 25, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 19, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-98078 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-98078 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.2% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (4th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-98078?
CVE-2026-98078 has a CVSS v3 base score of 4.4 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-98078?
A fix for CVE-2026-98078 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2026-98078 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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