CVE-2026-84451

MEDIUMPre-NVD 6.56.5
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.

This medium-severity CVE scores 6.5 under a secondary CVSS source (NVD's own analysis pending). EPSS exploit probability: 0.3% (23rd percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from a secondary CVSS source
Sources: EPSS, a secondary CVSS source

Also known asEUVD-2026-83024 (ENISA EUVD)Source: ENISA EUVD

6.5EG
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.3%CVSS: 6.5Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

libheif is a HEIF and AVIF file format decoder and encoder. From 1.19.0 until 1.23.3, the no-icef full-item branch of unc_decoder::get_compressed_image_data_uncompressed() in libheif/codecs/uncompressed/unc_decoder.cc retains an addition-based range check that can wrap when a crafted uncompressed tile grid produces a large range_start_offset and range_size. The overflow makes the bounds comparison pass and allows heif_image_handle_decode_image_tile() to call memcpy() with an invalid source pointer and a very large length when decoding a valid high-index advertised tile. This incomplete remediation of CVE-2026-62292 can reliably crash tile-processing applications, while whole-image decoding is not claimed to reach the demonstrated path. This issue is fixed in version 1.23.3.

CVSS v3
6.5
EG Score
6.5MEDIUMmedium confidence
EG Risk
29
EG Risk 29/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity65% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 6.5 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.3% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at every mission impact level.
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.3%
EPSS %ILE
23rd
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (6.5): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 6.5 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
6.5 MEDIUMCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.a secondary CVSS source · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
EG Likelihood
0.3% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-24). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at every mission impact level.CISA BOD 26-04: 60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at every mission impact level.

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

September 18, 2026

Last Modified

September 24, 2026

Advisory Details (3)

Auto-updated Sep 18, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github_commit, github_release, github.
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

Incomplete fix for GHSA-73p7-m7gg-w2jv leaves libheif 1.23.1 vulnerable to an out-of-bounds read · Advisory · strukturag/libheif · GitHub

https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/security/advisories/GHSA-hh47-fhqr-cj2r
GitHub release Patch Available

v1.23.3 - security release

Patch available: strukturag/libheif v1.23.3

https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/releases/tag/v1.23.3
GitHub commit Patch Available

commit 8bfed9a9ed00 (strukturag/libheif)

Patch available: strukturag/libheif v1.23.3 (contains commit 8bfed9a9ed00)

https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/commit/8bfed9a9ed008e4ef28abc736284a90d3cba754f

Affected Packages

(3 across 3 ecosystems)
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
libheif1.15.1-1 ... 1.23.4-1~deb13u1 (37 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
libheif1.19.8-1 ... 1.23.3-1 (12 versions)
  • every version up to 1.23.4-1~deb13u1: fixed in 1.23.4-1~deb13u1
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
libheif1.19.8-1 ... 1.23.2-1 (10 versions)
  • every version up to 1.23.3-1: fixed in 1.23.3-1
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 8× in last 7d / 43× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

  1. 2026-11-01 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  2. 2026-10-31 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  3. 2026-10-30 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  4. 2026-10-30 00:55 UTCOSV refresh
  5. 2026-10-29 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  6. 2026-10-28 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  7. 2026-10-27 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  8. 2026-10-26 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  9. 2026-10-25 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  10. 2026-10-25 13:56 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-24 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  12. 2026-10-23 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  13. 2026-10-22 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  14. 2026-10-22 13:00 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-21 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  16. 2026-10-20 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  17. 2026-10-19 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  18. 2026-10-18 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  19. 2026-10-18 03:06 UTCEG score recompute
  20. 2026-10-17 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  21. 2026-10-16 16:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  22. 2026-10-15 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  23. 2026-10-14 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  24. 2026-10-13 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  25. 2026-10-12 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
Show 47 more
  1. 2026-10-12 14:53 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-10-11 19:18 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-10-11 16:35 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-10-11 13:52 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-11 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  6. 2026-10-11 04:21 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  8. 2026-10-10 02:20 UTCEG score recompute
  9. 2026-10-09 20:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
  10. 2026-10-09 00:20 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-08 17:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
  12. 2026-10-07 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
  13. 2026-10-06 20:19 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-06 15:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
  15. 2026-10-05 18:16 UTCEG score recompute
  16. 2026-10-05 17:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
  17. 2026-10-04 23:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
  18. 2026-10-04 16:16 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-03 14:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
  20. 2026-10-03 14:16 UTCEG score recompute
  21. 2026-10-02 17:57 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
  22. 2026-10-02 12:16 UTCEG score recompute
  23. 2026-10-01 19:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
  24. 2026-10-01 09:44 UTCEG score recompute
  25. 2026-09-30 15:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
  26. 2026-09-30 07:44 UTCEG score recompute
  27. 2026-09-29 05:42 UTCEG score recompute
  28. 2026-09-28 13:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
  29. 2026-09-28 03:41 UTCEG score recompute
  30. 2026-09-27 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
  31. 2026-09-27 01:38 UTCEG score recompute
  32. 2026-09-26 15:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
  33. 2026-09-24 21:24 UTCEG score recompute
  34. 2026-09-24 21:12 UTCEG score recompute
  35. 2026-09-24 14:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 36th percentile
  36. 2026-09-24 02:28 UTCEG score recompute
  37. 2026-09-23 17:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 38th percentile
  38. 2026-09-23 00:28 UTCEG score recompute
  39. 2026-09-22 16:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 38th percentile
  40. 2026-09-21 22:28 UTCEG score recompute
  41. 2026-09-21 21:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 38th percentile
  42. 2026-09-20 20:26 UTCEG score recompute
  43. 2026-09-20 20:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 38th percentile
  44. 2026-09-19 18:25 UTCEG score recompute
  45. 2026-09-18 16:25 UTCEG score recompute
  46. 2026-09-18 16:16 UTCEG score recomputeFirst assessed: 6.5 MEDIUM
  47. 2026-09-18 16:14 UTCMITRE cvelistV5first tracked

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Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-84451?
CVE-2026-84451 is a medium-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on September 18, 2026. libheif is a HEIF and AVIF file format decoder and encoder. From 1.19.0 until 1.23.3, the no-icef full-item branch of unc_decoder::get_compressed_image_data_uncompressed() in libheif/codecs/uncompressed/unc_decoder.cc retains an addition-based range check that can wrap when a crafted uncompressed…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-84451 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-84451 was published on September 18, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of September 24, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-84451 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-84451 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.3% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (23rd percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-84451?
CVE-2026-84451 has a CVSS base score of 6.5 (a secondary CVSS source that NVD displays; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-84451?
A fix for CVE-2026-84451 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory.

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