CVE-2026-77420

MEDIUMPre-NVD 5.55.5
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.

Score 5.5 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: MODERATE) published 2026-09-23. A secondary CVSS source baseline 5.5; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, a secondary CVSS source
Trending — 4 sources updated this weekElevated

Also known asEUVD-2026-85528 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-5q95-hrpc-m3w3 (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

5.5EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • CISA's Vulnrichment rates exploitation as PoC; EchelonGraph holds no exploit-code reference for it
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.2%CVSS: 5.5Exploit: No code on recordExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

JLine is a Java library for handling console input. From 3.0.0 until 3.30.15 and 4.3.1, DefaultHistory.matchPatterns(String patterns, String line) in reader/src/main/java/org/jline/reader/impl/history/DefaultHistory.java converts the HISTORY_IGNORE configuration value into a Java regular expression while escaping only part of its syntax, allowing other regex metacharacters to reach the backtracking engine. An attacker who can control application or user configuration can supply a nested-quantifier expression that is reevaluated whenever a command is added to history, consuming excessive CPU and indefinitely blocking the reader thread. This issue is fixed in versions 3.30.15 and 4.3.1.

CVSS v3
5.5
EG Score
5.5MEDIUMmedium confidence
EG Risk
41
EG Risk 41/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity55% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 5.5 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.2%
EPSS %ILE
7th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (5.5): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 5.5 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
5.5 MEDIUMCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.2% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-31). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

September 23, 2026

Last Modified

September 30, 2026

Advisory Details (7)

Auto-updated Sep 23, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github, github_pr, github_commit, github_release.
GitHub release Patch Available

JLine 3.30.15

Patch available: jline/jline3 jline-3.30.15

https://github.com/jline/jline3/releases/tag/jline-3.30.15
GitHub release Patch Available

JLine 4.3.1

Patch available: jline/jline3 4.3.1

https://github.com/jline/jline3/releases/tag/4.3.1
GitHub commit Patch Available

commit 341ee69ccc57 (jline/jline3)

Patch available: jline/jline3 jline-3.30.15 (contains commit 341ee69ccc57)

https://github.com/jline/jline3/commit/341ee69ccc57b7733c1b40d6993219b64b3206ae
GitHub commit Patch Available

commit 1d5fc3099e77 (jline/jline3)

Patch available: jline/jline3 4.3.1 (contains commit 1d5fc3099e77)

https://github.com/jline/jline3/commit/1d5fc3099e77938b971e197211cad2d4fbb17541
GitHub pull request Patch Available

[backport jline-3.x] fix: guard regex matching against catastrophic backtracking (ReDoS)

Patch available: jline/jline3 jline-3.30.15 (PR #2018 merged 2026-06-30)

https://github.com/jline/jline3/pull/2018
GitHub pull request Patch Available

fix: guard regex matching against catastrophic backtracking (ReDoS)

Patch available: jline/jline3 4.3.1 (PR #2012 merged 2026-06-30)

https://github.com/jline/jline3/pull/2012
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

ReDoS via `HISTORY_IGNORE` Configuration Variable · Advisory · jline/jline3 · GitHub

https://github.com/jline/jline3/security/advisories/GHSA-5q95-hrpc-m3w3

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-77420(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(2)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
mavenorg.jline:jline-reader @ 4.3.1 (fixes >= 4.0.0, < 4.3.1)—ghsa
mavenorg.jline:jline-reader @ 3.30.15 (fixes >= 3.0.0, < 3.30.15)—ghsa

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(4 across 4 ecosystems)
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
jline33.3.1-3, 3.3.1-4, 3.3.1-5
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
jline33.3.1-4, 3.3.1-5
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
jline33.3.1-4, 3.3.1-5
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Maven(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
org.jline:jline-reader3.10.0 ... 3.9.0 (63 versions)
  • 4.0.0 up to 4.3.1: fixed in 4.3.1
  • 3.0.0 up to 3.30.15: fixed in 3.30.15
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 10× in last 7d / 46× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

  1. 2026-11-01 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  2. 2026-11-01 07:38 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-5q95-hrpc-m3w3 · GitHub severity MODERATE · GitHub CVSS 5.5
  3. 2026-11-01 07:38 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-10-31 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  5. 2026-10-30 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  6. 2026-10-30 04:55 UTCOSV refresh
  7. 2026-10-29 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  8. 2026-10-28 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  9. 2026-10-27 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  10. 2026-10-26 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  11. 2026-10-25 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  12. 2026-10-25 14:01 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-10-23 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  14. 2026-10-22 18:21 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-22 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  16. 2026-10-21 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  17. 2026-10-20 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  18. 2026-10-18 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  19. 2026-10-18 03:12 UTCEG score recompute
  20. 2026-10-16 16:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  21. 2026-10-15 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  22. 2026-10-14 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  23. 2026-10-13 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  24. 2026-10-12 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  25. 2026-10-12 15:37 UTCEG score recompute
Show 40 more
  1. 2026-10-11 19:23 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-10-11 16:39 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-10-11 13:58 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-10-11 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  5. 2026-10-10 20:20 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  7. 2026-10-09 22:29 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-09 20:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  9. 2026-10-09 00:37 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-10-08 17:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  11. 2026-10-08 02:46 UTCEG score recompute
  12. 2026-10-07 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  13. 2026-10-07 04:55 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-06 15:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  15. 2026-10-06 07:04 UTCEG score recompute
  16. 2026-10-05 17:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  17. 2026-10-05 09:13 UTCEG score recompute
  18. 2026-10-04 23:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  19. 2026-10-04 11:18 UTCEG score recompute
  20. 2026-10-03 14:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  21. 2026-10-03 13:26 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-10-02 15:34 UTCEG score recompute
  23. 2026-10-01 19:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  24. 2026-09-30 19:44 UTCEG score recompute
  25. 2026-09-30 01:25 UTCEG score recompute
  26. 2026-09-29 15:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  27. 2026-09-29 03:33 UTCEG score recompute
  28. 2026-09-29 02:36 UTCEG score recompute
  29. 2026-09-28 13:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  30. 2026-09-28 09:42 UTCEG score recompute
  31. 2026-09-27 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  32. 2026-09-27 11:51 UTCEG score recompute
  33. 2026-09-26 15:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  34. 2026-09-26 14:00 UTCEG score recompute
  35. 2026-09-26 00:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  36. 2026-09-24 17:57 UTCEG score recompute
  37. 2026-09-24 14:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  38. 2026-09-23 19:28 UTCEG score recompute
  39. 2026-09-23 18:22 UTCEG score recomputeFirst assessed: 5.5 MEDIUM
  40. 2026-09-23 18:21 UTCMITRE cvelistV5first tracked

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-77420?
CVE-2026-77420 is a medium-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on September 23, 2026. JLine is a Java library for handling console input. From 3.0.0 until 3.30.15 and 4.3.1, DefaultHistory.matchPatterns(String patterns, String line) in reader/src/main/java/org/jline/reader/impl/history/DefaultHistory.java converts the HISTORY_IGNORE configuration value into a Java regular expression…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-77420 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-77420 was published on September 23, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of September 30, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-77420 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-77420 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.2% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (7th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-77420?
CVE-2026-77420 has a CVSS base score of 5.5 (a secondary CVSS source that NVD displays; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-77420?
A fix for CVE-2026-77420 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2026-77420 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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