CakePHP Authentication is an authentication plugin for CakePHP that can also be used in PSR-7 based applications. Versions before 2.11.2, from 3.0.0 through 3.3.6, and from 4.0.0 through 4.2.0 allow authentication bypass and potential CPU or memory exhaustion when CookieAuthenticator uses unencrypted, forgeable legacy tokens. This issue is fixed in versions 2.11.2, 3.3.7, and 4.2.1.
CVE-2026-77337
“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.
This critical-severity CVE scores 9.1 under a secondary CVSS source (NVD's own analysis pending). EPSS exploit probability: 0.7% (53rd percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.
Also known asEUVD-2026-65157 (ENISA EUVD)Source: ENISA EUVD
- High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
A fix is available — apply it.
- CVSS v3
- 9.1
- EG Score
- 9.1CRITICALmedium confidence
- EG Risk
- 41EG Risk 41/100
EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.
How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)Severity91% × 45%Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.1 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.Exploitation0.7% × 40%FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.Automatability0% × 15%CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at every mission impact level.Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines. - EPSS PROB
- 0.7%
- EPSS %ILE
- 53rd
- KEV
- Not listed
What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)
The EG score (9.1): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.1 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.
- EG Severity
- 9.1 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.a secondary CVSS source · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
- EG Likelihood
- 0.7% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-31). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
- Confirmed exploitation
- None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
- EG Priority
- SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at every mission impact level.CISA BOD 26-04: 60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at every mission impact level.
A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table
BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.
The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it
Published
August 24, 2026
Last Modified
October 12, 2026
Advisory Details (4)
Auto-updated Sep 15, 2026Potential Authentication bypass with CookieAuthenticator · Advisory · cakephp/authentication · GitHub
https://github.com/cakephp/authentication/security/advisories/GHSA-h7xh-9h2x-2m372.x - Backport #805
Patch available: cakephp/authentication 2.11.2 (PR #807 merged 2026-07-10)
https://github.com/cakephp/authentication/pull/8073.x - security: replace unencrypted cookie auth tokens with verified, work-factor-bounded HMAC-SHA256 tokens
Patch available: cakephp/authentication 3.3.7 (PR #806 merged 2026-07-08)
https://github.com/cakephp/authentication/pull/806commit c94d9a5380e7 (cakephp/authentication)
Patch available: cakephp/authentication 4.2.1 (contains commit c94d9a5380e7)
https://github.com/cakephp/authentication/commit/c94d9a5380e7f4fdf38d338a9de2223a5b087159Affected Packages
(1 across 1 ecosystem)
Debian:11(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| cakephp | 2.10.11-2.1, 2.10.24-1, 2.10.24-2 |
| — |
Weakness Classification(2)
MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.
Data Freshness Timeline
(refreshed 13× in last 7d / 61× in last 30d)
Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.
Showing the most recent 100 of 137 refreshes on record for this CVE.
A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 37 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.
- 2026-11-01 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
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- 2026-10-31 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
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- 2026-10-30 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
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- 2026-10-29 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
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- 2026-10-28 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
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- 2026-10-24 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
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- 2026-10-20 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
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- 2026-10-17 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
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- 2026-10-15 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
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- 2026-10-14 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
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- 2026-10-13 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
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- 2026-10-11 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
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- 2026-10-01 19:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
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- 2026-09-28 13:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
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- 2026-09-27 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
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- 2026-09-26 15:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
- 2026-09-26 00:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
- 2026-09-24 15:53 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-09-24 14:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 50th percentile
- 2026-09-23 19:58 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-09-23 17:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
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- 2026-09-22 16:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
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- 2026-09-12 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
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- 2026-09-11 14:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
Related CVEs(same product + same CWE)
Same product
9 shownDebian:11:cakephp
Frequently asked(5)
What is CVE-2026-77337?
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-77337 published?
Is CVE-2026-77337 actively exploited?
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-77337?
How do I remediate CVE-2026-77337?
Dependency Blast Radius
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