CVE-2026-66066

CRITICALPre-NVD 9.59.5
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.

This critical-severity CVE scores 9.5 under a secondary CVSS source (NVD's own analysis pending). EPSS exploit probability: 30% (98th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from a secondary CVSS source
Sources: EPSS, a secondary CVSS source
Trending — 3 sources updated this weekWeaponized

Also known asEUVD-2026-51270 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-xr9x-r78c-5hrm (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.5EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • Public exploit code is available (Metasploit, other public proof-of-concept code)
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 30%CVSS: 9.5Exploit: Metasploit · other public PoCExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

Action Pack is a framework for handling and responding to web requests. In versions prior to 7.2.3.2, 8.0.5.1 and 8.1.3.1, Active Storage does not disable libvips operations marked unsafe for untrusted content, allowing a crafted upload to invoke such an operation. Consuming applications are affected when configured to use libvips and accept image uploads from untrusted users. An unauthenticated attacker may exploit this behavior to read arbitrary files accessible to the Rails process, including environment variables and application secrets. Exposure of credentials such as secret_key_base or external-service tokens may enable remote code execution or lateral movement. This issue has been fixed in versions 7.2.3.2, 8.0.5.1 and 8.1.3.1.

CVSS v3
9.5
EG Score
9.5CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
84
EG Risk 84/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity95% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.5 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation65% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 2 (Weaponized): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
30%
EPSS %ILE
98th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.5): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.5 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
9.5 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.a secondary CVSS source · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
EG Likelihood
30% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-01). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track* at medium mission impactTrack at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.CISA BOD 26-04: 3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

July 30, 2026

Last Modified

September 10, 2026

Advisory Details (10)

Auto-updated Oct 2, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github_commit, github_release, github.
Web page

oss-security - Rails CVE-2026-66066: Possible arbitrary file read and remote code execution in Active Storage variant processing

http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/07/29/9
Web page

Critical Rails Flaw Could Let Unauthenticated Attackers Read Server Files via Image Uploads

https://thehackernews.com/2026/07/critical-rails-flaw-could-let.html
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

Possible arbitrary file read and remote code execution in Active Storage variant processing · Advisory · rails/rails · GitHub

https://github.com/rails/rails/security/advisories/GHSA-xr9x-r78c-5hrm
GitHub release Patch Available

8.1.3.1

Patch available: rails/rails v8.1.3.1

https://github.com/rails/rails/releases/tag/v8.1.3.1
GitHub release Patch Available

8.0.5.1

Patch available: rails/rails v8.0.5.1

https://github.com/rails/rails/releases/tag/v8.0.5.1
GitHub release Patch Available

7.2.3.2

Patch available: rails/rails v7.2.3.2

https://github.com/rails/rails/releases/tag/v7.2.3.2
GitHub commit

commit d79b7f4aa17d (rails/rails)

Fix landed in rails/rails commit d79b7f4aa17d — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/d79b7f4aa17dec8ce4960fef05733c8c0c7ef49a
GitHub commit

commit 349e7a5d5b4b (rails/rails)

Fix landed in rails/rails commit 349e7a5d5b4b — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/349e7a5d5b4b715af1e416db824f3c078a7d59e5
GitHub commit

commit 1c01bb587206 (rails/rails)

Fix landed in rails/rails commit 1c01bb587206 — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/1c01bb587206ee6eb0e1179c2cef96a6a47acb1e
Web page

ruby-advisory-db/gems/activestorage/CVE-2026-66066.yml at master · rubysec/ruby-advisory-db · GitHub

https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/activestorage/CVE-2026-66066.yml

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-66066(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(3)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
rubygemsactivestorage @ 7.2.3.2 (fixes < 7.2.3.2)—ghsa
rubygemsactivestorage @ 8.0.5.1 (fixes >= 8.0.0.beta1, < 8.0.5.1)—ghsa
rubygemsactivestorage @ 8.1.3.1 (fixes >= 8.1.0.beta1, < 8.1.3.1)—ghsa

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(5 across 5 ecosystems)
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
rails2:6.0.3.7+dfsg-2 ... 2:7.2.3.2+dfsg-2 (72 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
rails2:6.1.7.10+dfsg-1~deb12u1 ... 2:6.1.7.3+dfsg-9 (17 versions)
  • every version up to 2:6.1.7.10+dfsg-1~deb12u3: fixed in 2:6.1.7.10+dfsg-1~deb12u3
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
rails2:7.2.2.1+dfsg-7, 2:7.2.2.2+dfsg-1, 2:7.2.2.2+dfsg-2~deb13u1
  • every version up to 2:7.2.2.2+dfsg-2~deb13u2: fixed in 2:7.2.2.2+dfsg-2~deb13u2
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
rails2:7.2.2.1+dfsg-7 ... 2:7.2.3.1+dfsg-1 (9 versions)
  • every version up to 2:7.2.3.2+dfsg-1: fixed in 2:7.2.3.2+dfsg-1
—
RubyGems(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
activestorage8.1.0 ... 8.1.3 (7 versions)
  • every version up to 7.2.3.2: fixed in 7.2.3.2
  • 8.0.0.beta1 up to 8.0.5.1: fixed in 8.0.5.1
  • 8.1.0.beta1 up to 8.1.3.1: fixed in 8.1.3.1
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 15× in last 7d / 58× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 165 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 65 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-02 02:26 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-11-02 02:26 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-xr9x-r78c-5hrm · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  3. 2026-11-01 07:40 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-xr9x-r78c-5hrm · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  4. 2026-11-01 04:26 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-31 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 30% · 98th percentile
  6. 2026-10-31 06:25 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-30 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 30% · 98th percentile
  8. 2026-10-30 08:25 UTCEG score recompute
  9. 2026-10-29 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 30% · 98th percentile
  10. 2026-10-29 10:25 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-28 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 27% · 98th percentile
  12. 2026-10-28 12:25 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-10-27 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 27% · 98th percentile
  14. 2026-10-27 14:24 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-26 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 27% · 97th percentile
  16. 2026-10-25 18:12 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-10-25 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 27% · 97th percentile
  18. 2026-10-25 14:11 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-24 19:57 UTCEG score recompute
  20. 2026-10-24 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 28% · 98th percentile
  21. 2026-10-23 21:56 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-10-23 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 28% · 98th percentile
  23. 2026-10-22 23:53 UTCEG score recompute
  24. 2026-10-22 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 28% · 98th percentile
  25. 2026-10-22 01:49 UTCEG score recompute
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-10-21 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 28% · 98th percentile
  2. 2026-10-21 03:47 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-10-20 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 28% · 98th percentile
  4. 2026-10-20 05:25 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-19 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 28% · 98th percentile
  6. 2026-10-19 06:49 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-18 03:21 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-17 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 28% · 98th percentile
  9. 2026-10-17 06:11 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-10-16 16:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 28% · 98th percentile
  11. 2026-10-16 07:17 UTCEG score recompute
  12. 2026-10-15 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 28% · 98th percentile
  13. 2026-10-15 06:12 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-14 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 28% · 98th percentile
  15. 2026-10-14 01:48 UTCEG score recompute
  16. 2026-10-13 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 28% · 98th percentile
  17. 2026-10-12 22:00 UTCEG score recompute
  18. 2026-10-12 15:46 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-11 19:31 UTCEG score recompute
  20. 2026-10-11 16:46 UTCEG score recompute
  21. 2026-10-11 14:07 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-10-11 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 28% · 98th percentile
  23. 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 28% · 98th percentile
  24. 2026-10-09 20:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 28% · 98th percentile
  25. 2026-10-08 17:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 28% · 98th percentile
  26. 2026-10-07 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
  27. 2026-10-06 23:52 UTCEG score recompute
  28. 2026-10-06 15:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
  29. 2026-10-05 19:59 UTCEG score recompute
  30. 2026-10-05 17:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
  31. 2026-10-04 23:55 UTCEG score recompute
  32. 2026-10-04 23:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
  33. 2026-10-04 06:37 UTCEG score recompute
  34. 2026-10-03 14:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
  35. 2026-10-03 02:49 UTCEG score recompute
  36. 2026-10-02 17:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
  37. 2026-10-02 16:56 UTCEG score recompute
  38. 2026-10-01 19:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
  39. 2026-10-01 02:52 UTCEG score recompute
  40. 2026-09-30 15:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 80th percentile
  41. 2026-09-29 06:52 UTCEG score recompute
  42. 2026-09-28 13:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 80th percentile
  43. 2026-09-27 18:59 UTCEG score recompute
  44. 2026-09-26 15:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 80th percentile
  45. 2026-09-25 04:56 UTCEG score recompute
  46. 2026-09-23 21:29 UTCEG score recompute
  47. 2026-09-23 17:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 28% · 98th percentile
  48. 2026-09-22 21:35 UTCEG score recompute
  49. 2026-09-22 15:12 UTCEG score recompute
  50. 2026-09-19 23:46 UTCEG score recompute
  51. 2026-09-18 22:25 UTCEG score recompute
  52. 2026-09-18 19:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 28% · 98th percentile
  53. 2026-09-18 01:18 UTCEG score recompute
  54. 2026-09-17 01:28 UTCEG score recompute
  55. 2026-09-16 14:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 28% · 97th percentile
  56. 2026-09-16 05:32 UTCEG score recompute
  57. 2026-09-16 05:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 28% · 97th percentile
  58. 2026-09-15 03:14 UTCEG score recompute
  59. 2026-09-12 16:36 UTCEG score recompute
  60. 2026-09-11 14:59 UTCEG score recompute
  61. 2026-09-11 14:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 28% · 97th percentile
  62. 2026-09-11 09:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 28% · 97th percentile
  63. 2026-09-10 12:58 UTCEG score recompute
  64. 2026-09-09 07:11 UTCEG score recompute
  65. 2026-09-08 22:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 28% · 97th percentile
  66. 2026-09-06 14:42 UTCEG score recompute
  67. 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 28% · 97th percentile
  68. 2026-09-05 18:49 UTCEG score recompute
  69. 2026-09-05 15:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 28% · 98th percentile
  70. 2026-09-04 15:56 UTCEG score recompute
  71. 2026-09-04 11:26 UTCEG score recompute
  72. 2026-09-04 05:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 28% · 97th percentile
  73. 2026-09-02 14:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 28% · 97th percentile
  74. 2026-09-01 22:36 UTCEG score recompute
  75. 2026-09-01 13:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 28% · 97th percentile

Publicly available exploits

(6 references)

Public exploit code is referenced for this CVE (1 Metasploit module, 5 GitHub PoCs). Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly.

  • Metasploitexploit/multi/http/rails_activestorage_vips_rce✓ verified
    Published Aug 25, 2026

    Ruby on Rails Active Storage Vips Arbitrary File Read and Remote Code Execution

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCHackSpeak/CVE-2026-66066
    Published Aug 3, 2026

    CVE-2026-66066 (KindaRails2Shell) PoC - Rails Active Storage/libvips arbitrary file read to RCE; for authorized security testing

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCHackSpeak/kindarails2shell-poc
    Published Aug 3, 2026

    CVE-2026-66066 (KindaRails2Shell) PoC - Rails Active Storage/libvips arbitrary file read to RCE; for authorized security testing

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoC0xsha/KindaRails2Shell
    Published Jul 31, 2026

    CVE-2026-66066 + File Read, RCE, Scanner, Lab

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCrails/rails-forensics-CVE-2026-66066
    Published Jul 30, 2026
    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCZer0SumGam3/CVE-2026-66066-POC
    Published Jul 29, 2026

    PoC for CVE-2026-66066 in Ruby on Rails

    Open source ↗

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-66066?
CVE-2026-66066 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on July 30, 2026. Action Pack is a framework for handling and responding to web requests. In versions prior to 7.2.3.2, 8.0.5.1 and 8.1.3.1, Active Storage does not disable libvips operations marked unsafe for untrusted content, allowing a crafted upload to invoke such an operation. Consuming applications are…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-66066 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-66066 was published on July 30, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of September 10, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-66066 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-66066 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. EchelonGraph's EG-KEV model places it in Tier 2 (Weaponized), which is not evidence of exploitation: a Metasploit module exists for it. EchelonGraph does not test whether exploit code works. FIRST EPSS estimates a 30% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (98th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-66066?
CVE-2026-66066 has a CVSS base score of 9.5 (a secondary CVSS source that NVD displays; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-66066?
A fix for CVE-2026-66066 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2026-66066 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

See which npm, PyPI, Go, and Maven packages are affected by CVE-2026-66066

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