CVE-2026-4878

HIGHNVD 7.07.0—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

This high-severity CVE scores 7.0 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.0%, top 98% of all CVEs by exploit prediction. GitHub Security Advisory data not yet ingested — confidence will rise once GHSA publishes (typical lag: hours to days for open-source ecosystem CVEs; never for infrastructure-only CVEs).

Triggered by: NVD CVSS baseline
Sources: epss, nvd
Trending — 3 sources updated this week
7.0
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixSerious severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet.
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS: 0%CVSS: 7.0Exploit: NoneExposed: 0

A fix is available — apply it.

A flaw was found in libcap. A local unprivileged user can exploit a Time-of-check-to-time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition in the cap_set_file() function. This allows an attacker with write access to a parent directory to redirect file capability updates to an attacker-controlled file. By doing so, capabilities can be injected into or stripped from unintended executables, leading to privilege escalation.

CVSS v3
7.0
EG Score
7.0(medium)
EG Risk
—
EPSS
8.7%
KEV
Not listed

Published

April 9, 2026

Last Modified

July 21, 2026

Advisory Details (10)

Auto-updated Apr 30, 2026
Patch available. Sources: redhat.
generic

oss-security - Re: libcap-2.77 (since libcap-2.04) has TOCTOU privilege escalation issue

http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/04/09/5
generic

oss-security - Re: libcap-2.77 (since libcap-2.04) has TOCTOU privilege escalation issue

http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/04/08/9
generic

oss-security - libcap-2.77 (since libcap-2.04) has TOCTOU privilege escalation issue

http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/04/07/4
generic

oss-security - Re: libcap-2.77 (since libcap-2.04) has TOCTOU privilege escalation issue

http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/04/07/14
redhat Patch Available

2451615 – (CVE-2026-4878) CVE-2026-4878 libcap: libcap: Privilege escalation via TOCTOU race condition in cap_set_file()

Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10

https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2451615
redhat

Bug Access Denied

https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2447554
redhat Patch Available

cve-details

https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-4878
redhat Patch Available
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:7473
redhat Patch Available

Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.

https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:12441
redhat Patch Available

Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10.

https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:12423

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-4878(20)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(19)

Vendor / EcosystemFixed in / PatchReleasedSource
redhatrhcos-415.92.202606030318-02026-06-11redhat
redhatrhcos-4.19.9.6.202606031700-02026-06-10redhat
redhatrhaiis/model-opt-cuda-rhel9:17806819842026-06-10redhat
redhatlibcap-0:2.48-4.el8_6.12026-06-08redhat
redhatlibcap-0:2.48-5.el8_8.12026-06-03redhat
redhatinsights-proxy/insights-proxy-container-rhel9:17804204282026-06-02redhat
redhatrhui5/rhua-rhel9:17797982222026-05-27redhat
redhatlibcap-0:2.48-9.el9_2.12026-05-27redhat
redhatlibcap-0:2.48-9.el9_4.12026-05-26redhat
redhatlibcap-0:2.48-9.el9_6.12026-05-20redhat
redhatlibcap-0:2.69-7.el10_0.12026-05-20redhat
redhatlibcap-0:2.69-7.el10_2.12026-05-19redhat
redhatlibcap-0:2.48-10.el9_8.12026-05-19redhat
redhatdiscovery/discovery-ui-rhel9:17781567562026-05-07redhat
redhatrhosdt/opentelemetry-target-allocator-rhel9:17780562452026-05-06redhat
redhatlibcap-0:2.48-6.el8_10.12026-05-04redhat
redhatlibcap-0:2.48-10.el9_7.12026-04-30redhat
redhatlibcap-0:2.69-7.el10_1.12026-04-30redhat
redhatlibcap-main-2.78-1.1.hum12026-04-10redhat

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Additional Vendor Advisories

(12)

Vendors that published advisories for this CVE beyond the curated set above. Broader coverage but minimal per-row detail — click through for the original advisory.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 10× in last 7d / 54× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 115 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-07-22 14:08 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-07-21 15:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-07-20 17:08 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-07-19 14:31 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-07-19 14:31 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-07-19 02:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-07-18 10:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-07-16 17:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-07-16 12:29 UTCNVD updateCVSS v3 → 7 · severity → HIGH
  10. 2026-07-16 12:08 UTCMITRE cvelistV5CVSS v3 → 6.7 · severity → MEDIUM
  11. 2026-07-15 16:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-07-15 16:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-07-15 14:22 UTCNVD updateCVSS v3 → 7 · severity → HIGH
  14. 2026-07-15 13:29 UTCMITRE cvelistV5CVSS v3 → 6.7 · severity → MEDIUM
  15. 2026-07-15 04:20 UTCNVD updateCVSS v3 → 7 · severity → HIGH
  16. 2026-07-15 02:00 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-07-15 02:00 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-07-15 01:21 UTCMITRE cvelistV5CVSS v3 → 6.7 · severity → MEDIUM
  19. 2026-07-14 13:19 UTCNVD updateCVSS v3 → 7 · severity → HIGH
  20. 2026-07-14 12:10 UTCMITRE cvelistV5CVSS v3 → 6.7 · severity → MEDIUM
  21. 2026-07-13 22:31 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-07-13 18:08 UTCNVD updateCVSS v3 → 7 · severity → HIGH
  23. 2026-07-13 17:12 UTCMITRE cvelistV5CVSS v3 → 6.7 · severity → MEDIUM
  24. 2026-07-13 06:13 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-07-13 06:13 UTCEPSS rescore
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-07-12 05:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-07-11 08:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-07-11 08:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-07-10 12:26 UTCNVD updateCVSS v3 → 7 · severity → HIGH
  5. 2026-07-10 12:12 UTCMITRE cvelistV5CVSS v3 → 6.7 · severity → MEDIUM
  6. 2026-07-09 19:10 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-07-09 19:10 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-07-09 19:01 UTCNVD updateCVSS v3 → 7 · severity → HIGH
  9. 2026-07-09 17:56 UTCMITRE cvelistV5CVSS v3 → 6.7 · severity → MEDIUM
  10. 2026-07-08 15:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-07-07 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-07-06 16:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-07-06 02:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  14. 2026-07-05 02:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  15. 2026-07-04 06:31 UTCEPSS rescore
  16. 2026-07-01 15:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-06-30 23:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-06-29 14:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-06-29 14:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  20. 2026-06-28 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-06-28 04:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-06-28 04:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-06-27 09:36 UTCNVD updateCVSS v3 → 7 · severity → HIGH
  24. 2026-06-27 08:19 UTCMITRE cvelistV5CVSS v3 → 6.7 · severity → MEDIUM
  25. 2026-06-27 03:08 UTCEPSS rescore
  26. 2026-06-25 13:49 UTCEPSS rescore
  27. 2026-06-24 14:05 UTCEPSS rescore
  28. 2026-06-23 21:33 UTCEPSS rescore
  29. 2026-06-23 21:33 UTCEPSS rescore
  30. 2026-06-22 14:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  31. 2026-06-22 14:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  32. 2026-06-21 14:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  33. 2026-06-21 14:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  34. 2026-06-21 01:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  35. 2026-06-21 01:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  36. 2026-06-19 19:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  37. 2026-06-19 19:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  38. 2026-06-18 17:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  39. 2026-06-18 17:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  40. 2026-06-17 17:53 UTCEPSS rescore
  41. 2026-06-16 17:53 UTCEPSS rescore
  42. 2026-06-15 17:49 UTCEPSS rescore
  43. 2026-06-15 17:49 UTCEPSS rescore
  44. 2026-06-15 05:03 UTCVendor advisory
  45. 2026-06-14 23:18 UTCEPSS rescore
  46. 2026-06-13 23:00 UTCEPSS rescore
  47. 2026-06-12 23:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  48. 2026-06-12 23:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  49. 2026-06-11 20:31 UTCVendor advisory
  50. 2026-06-11 14:00 UTCEPSS rescore
  51. 2026-06-10 22:19 UTCEPSS rescore
  52. 2026-06-10 13:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  53. 2026-06-10 12:47 UTCVendor advisory
  54. 2026-06-10 01:02 UTCVendor advisory
  55. 2026-06-09 13:04 UTCEG score recompute▲ 0.30
  56. 2026-06-09 13:04 UTCVendor advisory
  57. 2026-06-08 23:31 UTCNVD updateCVSS v3 → 7 · severity → HIGH
  58. 2026-06-08 14:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  59. 2026-06-08 14:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  60. 2026-06-08 08:26 UTCVendor advisory
  61. 2026-06-07 15:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  62. 2026-06-07 15:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  63. 2026-06-07 08:36 UTCVendor advisory
  64. 2026-06-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  65. 2026-06-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  66. 2026-06-05 22:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  67. 2026-06-05 06:10 UTCEPSS rescore
  68. 2026-06-05 06:10 UTCEPSS rescore
  69. 2026-06-04 13:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  70. 2026-06-04 13:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  71. 2026-06-02 20:13 UTCEPSS rescore
  72. 2026-06-01 13:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  73. 2026-06-01 13:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  74. 2026-05-31 22:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  75. 2026-05-31 22:30 UTCEPSS rescore

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Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-4878?
CVE-2026-4878 is a high vulnerability published on April 9, 2026. A flaw was found in libcap. A local unprivileged user can exploit a Time-of-check-to-time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition in the capsetfile() function. This allows an attacker with write access to a parent directory to redirect file capability updates to an attacker-controlled file. By doing so,…
When was CVE-2026-4878 disclosed?
CVE-2026-4878 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on April 9, 2026, with the most recent update on July 21, 2026. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2026-4878 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-4878 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 8.7% percentile likelihood of exploitation in the next 30 days — higher percentiles indicate greater predicted risk.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-4878?
CVE-2026-4878 has a CVSS v3 base score of 7.0 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-4878?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2026-4878, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

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