Kopia is a cross-platform backup tool for Windows, macOS, and Linux with fast incremental backups, client-side end-to-end encryption, compression, and data deduplication. Prior to 0.23.0, Kopia's HTTP server started with --without-password accepts unauthenticated requests to /api/v1/repo/exists and forwards attacker-supplied SFTP storage configuration to blob.NewStorage, where externalSSH: true and sshArguments containing -oProxyCommand= can cause exec.CommandContext("ssh") to invoke the command through OpenSSH. This issue is fixed in version 0.23.0.
CVE-2026-45695
“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.
Score 9.8 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: CRITICAL) published 2026-05-19. A secondary CVSS source baseline 9.8; sources differ by 0.0.
Also known asEUVD-2026-44948 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-2q4c-3mrw-63c3 (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD
- High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
A fix is available — apply it.
- CVSS v3
- 9.8
- EG Score
- 9.8CRITICALmedium confidence
- EG Risk
- 60EG Risk 60/100
EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.
How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)Severity98% × 45%Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.Exploitation1.6% × 40%FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.Automatability100% × 15%CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high. - EPSS PROB
- 1.6%
- EPSS %ILE
- 75th
- KEV
- Not listed
What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)
The EG score (9.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.
- EG Severity
- 9.8 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
- EG Likelihood
- 1.6% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-01). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
- Confirmed exploitation
- None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
- EG Priority
- SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).
A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table
BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.
The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it
Published
May 19, 2026
Last Modified
July 16, 2026
Advisory Details (4)
Auto-updated Oct 31, 2026RCE via SSH ProxyCommand Injection · Advisory · kopia/kopia · GitHub
https://github.com/kopia/kopia/security/advisories/GHSA-2q4c-3mrw-63c3Release v0.23.0 (kopia/kopia)
Patch available: kopia/kopia v0.23.0
https://github.com/kopia/kopia/releases/tag/v0.23.0feat(cli): restrict insecure unauthenticated server to loopback binds
Fix merged in kopia/kopia PR #5354 on 2026-05-05 — awaiting tagged release
https://github.com/kopia/kopia/pull/5354commit c26c6a1b9734 (kopia/kopia)
Fix landed in kopia/kopia commit c26c6a1b9734 — awaiting tagged release
https://github.com/kopia/kopia/commit/c26c6a1b9734c5089217986ffa5cd19f8a6b8900Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-45695(1)
These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.
Patch Availability(1)
| Vendor / Ecosystem | Fix (by version range) / Patch | Released | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| go | github.com/kopia/kopia @ 0.23.0 (fixes <= 0.22.3) | — | ghsa |
Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.
Affected Packages
(1 across 1 ecosystem)
Go(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| github.com/kopia/kopia | — |
| — |
Weakness Classification(2)
MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.
Data Freshness Timeline
(refreshed 17× in last 7d / 59× in last 30d)
Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.
Showing the most recent 100 of 149 refreshes on record for this CVE.
A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 49 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.
- 2026-11-02 16:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 75th percentile
- 2026-11-02 04:09 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-11-02 04:09 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2q4c-3mrw-63c3 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-11-01 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 75th percentile
- 2026-11-01 07:48 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2q4c-3mrw-63c3 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
- 2026-11-01 07:48 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-11-01 04:59 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-31 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 75th percentile
- 2026-10-31 05:52 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-30 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 75th percentile
- 2026-10-30 06:46 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-29 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 75th percentile
- 2026-10-29 07:40 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-28 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 75th percentile
- 2026-10-28 08:35 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-27 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 75th percentile
- 2026-10-27 09:06 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-26 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 75th percentile
- 2026-10-26 08:58 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-25 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 75th percentile
- 2026-10-25 14:26 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-25 09:53 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-24 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 75th percentile
- 2026-10-24 10:46 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 75th percentile
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- 2026-10-23 11:40 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-22 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 75th percentile
- 2026-10-22 12:32 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-21 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 75th percentile
- 2026-10-21 13:26 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-20 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 75th percentile
- 2026-10-20 14:17 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-19 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 75th percentile
- 2026-10-19 13:22 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-18 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 75th percentile
- 2026-10-18 03:37 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-17 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 75th percentile
- 2026-10-17 13:38 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-16 16:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 75th percentile
- 2026-10-16 14:30 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-15 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 75th percentile
- 2026-10-15 14:56 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-14 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 75th percentile
- 2026-10-14 09:24 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-13 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 75th percentile
- 2026-10-13 06:52 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-12 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 75th percentile
- 2026-10-12 16:04 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 19:46 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 17:00 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 14:26 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 75th percentile
- 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 75th percentile
- 2026-10-09 20:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 75th percentile
- 2026-10-08 17:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 75th percentile
- 2026-10-07 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 75th percentile
- 2026-10-06 15:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 75th percentile
- 2026-10-05 17:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 75th percentile
- 2026-10-04 23:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 75th percentile
- 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 75th percentile
- 2026-10-01 19:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 75th percentile
- 2026-09-30 15:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 75th percentile
- 2026-09-30 11:17 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-09-27 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 74th percentile
- 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 74th percentile
- 2026-09-23 17:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 74th percentile
- 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 74th percentile
- 2026-09-18 19:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 74th percentile
- 2026-09-17 19:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 74th percentile
- 2026-09-16 14:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 74th percentile
- 2026-09-16 05:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 74th percentile
- 2026-09-13 16:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 74th percentile
- 2026-09-12 15:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 74th percentile
- 2026-09-11 18:10 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-09-11 14:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 74th percentile
- 2026-09-11 09:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 74th percentile
- 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 74th percentile
- 2026-09-08 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 74th percentile
- 2026-09-07 16:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 74th percentile
- 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 74th percentile
- 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 74th percentile
- 2026-09-02 14:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 74th percentile
- 2026-09-01 13:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 74th percentile
- 2026-08-30 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 74th percentile
- 2026-08-30 01:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 73rd percentile
- 2026-08-28 21:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 73rd percentile
- 2026-08-27 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 74th percentile
- 2026-08-26 14:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 74th percentile
- 2026-08-25 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.6% · 74th percentile
- 2026-08-23 17:00 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-08-23 00:19 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 65th percentile
- 2026-08-21 23:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 28th percentile
- 2026-08-21 23:36 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-08-20 22:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 28th percentile
- 2026-08-20 19:00 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-08-19 17:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 27th percentile
- 2026-08-18 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 27th percentile
- 2026-08-17 14:40 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-08-17 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 27th percentile
- 2026-08-16 16:56 UTCEG score recompute
Public detection templates
(1 reference)A public Nuclei detection template is referenced for this CVE. A detection template checks whether a system is affected; it is not necessarily exploit code.
- Nucleihttp/cves/2026/CVE-2026-45695.yamlPublished Aug 21, 2026
Kopia Server 0.23.0 - Remote Code Execution
Open source ↗
Related CVEs(same CWE)
Frequently asked(5)
What is CVE-2026-45695?
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-45695 published?
Is CVE-2026-45695 actively exploited?
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-45695?
How do I remediate CVE-2026-45695?
Dependency Blast Radius
See which npm, PyPI, Go, and Maven packages are affected by CVE-2026-45695
Is Your Infrastructure Affected by CVE-2026-45695?
EchelonGraph automatically scans your cloud infrastructure and maps CVE exposure using blast radius analysis.