A vulnerability was detected in libvips 8.19.0. This affects the function vips_bandrank_build of the file libvips/conversion/bandrank.c. Performing a manipulation of the argument index results in heap-based buffer overflow. The attack must be initiated from a local position. The exploit is now public and may be used. The patch is named fd28c5463697712cb0ab116a2c55e4f4d92c4088. It is suggested to install a patch to address this issue.
CVE-2026-3281
“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.
This high-severity CVE scores 7.8 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.3% (19th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). GitHub Security Advisory CVSS 5.3 is lower than this score; a lower GitHub score revises it only when its advisory is newer than the CVE record's last change, and this advisory (published 2026-02-27) is not newer than that change (2026-06-17), so it does not.
Also known asEUVD-2026-8985 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-f98h-2fjh-775c (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD
- CISA's Vulnrichment rates exploitation as PoC; EchelonGraph holds no exploit-code reference for it
A fix is available — apply it.
- CVSS v3
- 7.8
- EG Score
- 7.8HIGHmedium confidence
- EG Risk
- 51EG Risk 51/100
EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.
How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)Severity78% × 45%Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 7.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.Exploitation40% × 40%EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.Automatability0% × 15%CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines. - EPSS PROB
- 0.3%
- EPSS %ILE
- 19th
- KEV
- Not listed
What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)
The EG score (7.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 7.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.
- EG Severity
- 7.8 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.NVD CVSS v3 · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
- EG Likelihood
- 0.3% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-31). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
- Confirmed exploitation
- None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
- EG Priority
- SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table
BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.
The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it
Published
February 27, 2026
Last Modified
June 17, 2026
Advisory Details (5)
Auto-updated Aug 2, 2026bandrank: check index is in range #4878
Patch available: libvips/libvips v8.18.1 (PR #4895 merged 2026-02-22)
https://github.com/libvips/libvips/pull/4895bandrank: unchecked `--index` causes out-of-bounds read in `vips_bandrank_buffer()` · Issue #4878 · libvips/libvips · GitHub
https://github.com/libvips/libvips/issues/4878#issue-3944209102bandrank: unchecked `--index` causes out-of-bounds read in `vips_bandrank_buffer()` · Issue #4878 · libvips/libvips · GitHub
https://github.com/libvips/libvips/issues/4878commit fd28c5463697 (libvips/libvips)
Patch available: libvips/libvips v8.18.1 (contains commit fd28c5463697)
https://github.com/libvips/libvips/commit/fd28c5463697712cb0ab116a2c55e4f4d92c4088GitHub - libvips/libvips: A fast image processing library with low memory needs. · GitHub
https://github.com/libvips/libvips/Affected Packages
(4 across 4 ecosystems)
Debian:11(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| vips | 8.10.5-2 ... 8.18.4-1 (41 versions) |
| — |
Debian:12(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| vips | 8.14.1-3, 8.14.1-3+deb12u1, 8.14.1-3+deb12u2 |
| — |
Debian:13(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| vips | 8.16.1-1 |
| — |
Debian:14(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| vips | 8.16.1-1 ... 8.18.0-2 (6 versions) |
| — |
Weakness Classification(2)
MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.
Data Freshness Timeline
(refreshed 9× in last 7d / 43× in last 30d)
Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.
Showing the most recent 99 of 229 refreshes on record for this CVE.
A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 1 repeat row among the latest 100 is merged into the row it repeats. The 130 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.
- 2026-11-01 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 19th percentile
- 2026-10-31 20:46 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-31 20:46 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-f98h-2fjh-775c · GitHub CVSS 5.3
- 2026-10-31 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 19th percentile
- 2026-10-30 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 19th percentile
- 2026-10-29 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 19th percentile
- 2026-10-28 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 19th percentile
- 2026-10-27 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 19th percentile
- 2026-10-26 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 19th percentile
- 2026-10-25 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 19th percentile
- 2026-10-25 14:35 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-24 18:17 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-24 18:17 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-f98h-2fjh-775c · GitHub CVSS 5.3
- 2026-10-24 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
- 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
- 2026-10-22 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
- 2026-10-21 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
- 2026-10-20 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
- 2026-10-19 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
- 2026-10-18 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
- 2026-10-18 03:47 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-17 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
- 2026-10-17 15:49 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-17 15:49 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-f98h-2fjh-775c · GitHub CVSS 5.3
- 2026-10-16 16:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
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- 2026-10-15 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
- 2026-10-14 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
- 2026-10-13 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
- 2026-10-12 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
- 2026-10-12 16:14 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 19:56 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 17:09 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 14:36 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
- 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
- 2026-10-09 20:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
- 2026-10-09 05:58 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-10-08 17:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
- 2026-10-07 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
- 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
- 2026-10-05 17:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
- 2026-10-04 23:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
- 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
- 2026-10-01 19:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
- 2026-09-30 15:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
- 2026-09-28 13:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
- 2026-09-27 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
- 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
- 2026-09-26 00:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
- 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
- 2026-09-19 13:02 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-09-18 19:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
- 2026-09-17 19:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
- 2026-09-16 14:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
- 2026-09-16 05:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
- 2026-09-15 03:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
- 2026-09-13 16:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
- 2026-09-12 15:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
- 2026-09-11 14:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
- 2026-09-11 09:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
- 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
- 2026-09-08 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
- 2026-09-07 16:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
- 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
- 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
- 2026-09-02 14:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
- 2026-09-01 13:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
- 2026-09-01 04:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
- 2026-08-31 16:34 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-08-30 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
- 2026-08-30 01:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
- 2026-08-28 21:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
- 2026-08-27 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
- 2026-08-26 14:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
- 2026-08-25 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
- 2026-08-21 23:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
- 2026-08-20 22:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
- 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
- 2026-08-18 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
- 2026-08-17 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
- 2026-08-16 14:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
- 2026-08-16 02:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
- 2026-08-15 01:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
- 2026-08-14 21:08 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-f98h-2fjh-775c · GitHub CVSS 5.3
- 2026-08-14 08:51 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-08-14 08:51 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-f98h-2fjh-775c · GitHub CVSS 5.3
- 2026-08-13 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
- 2026-08-13 00:49 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-08-13 00:49 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-f98h-2fjh-775c · GitHub CVSS 5.3
- 2026-08-12 13:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
- 2026-08-11 23:37 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-08-11 23:37 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-f98h-2fjh-775c · GitHub CVSS 5.3
- 2026-08-11 13:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
- 2026-08-11 06:12 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-08-11 06:12 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-f98h-2fjh-775c · GitHub CVSS 5.3
- 2026-08-11 00:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
- 2026-08-10 08:31 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-f98h-2fjh-775c · GitHub CVSS 5.3
- 2026-08-09 20:06 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-08-09 20:06 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-f98h-2fjh-775c · GitHub CVSS 5.3
Related CVEs(same product + same CWE)
Same product
10 shownDebian:11:vips
Frequently asked(5)
What is CVE-2026-3281?
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-3281 published?
Is CVE-2026-3281 actively exploited?
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-3281?
How do I remediate CVE-2026-3281?
Dependency Blast Radius
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