CVE-2026-27577

CRITICALNVD 9.99.9
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 9.9 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: CRITICAL) published 2026-02-25. NVD baseline CVSS 9.9; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 3 sources updated this weekElevated

Also known asEUVD-2026-8761 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-vpcf-gvg4-6qwr (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.9EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 11%CVSS: 9.9Exploit: No code on recordExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to versions 2.10.1, 2.9.3, and 1.123.22, additional exploits in the expression evaluation of n8n have been identified and patched following CVE-2025-68613. An authenticated user with permission to create or modify workflows could abuse crafted expressions in workflow parameters to trigger unintended system command execution on the host running n8n. The issues have been fixed in n8n versions 2.10.1, 2.9.3, and 1.123.22. Users should upgrade to one of these versions or later to remediate all known vulnerabilities. If upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations. Limit workflow creation and editing permissions to fully trusted users only, and/or deploy n8n in a hardened environment with restricted operating system privileges and network access to reduce the impact of potential exploitation. These workarounds do not fully remediate the risk and should only be used as short-term mitigation measures.

CVSS v3
9.9
EG Score
9.9CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
61
EG Risk 61/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity99% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.9 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
11%
EPSS %ILE
95th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.9): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.9 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
9.9 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
11% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-31). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

February 25, 2026

Last Modified

July 28, 2026

Advisory Details (5)

Auto-updated Oct 27, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github_commit, github.
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

Expression Sandbox Escape Leading to RCE · Advisory · n8n-io/n8n · GitHub

https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-vpcf-gvg4-6qwr
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

n8n Remote Code Execution via Expression Injection · Advisory · n8n-io/n8n · GitHub

https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/security/advisories/GHSA-v98v-ff95-f3cp
GitHub commit

commit 9e5212ecbc5d (n8n-io/n8n)

Fix landed in n8n-io/n8n commit 9e5212ecbc5d — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/commit/9e5212ecbc5d2d4e6f340b636a5e84be6369882e
GitHub commit

commit 1479aab2d32f (n8n-io/n8n)

Fix landed in n8n-io/n8n commit 1479aab2d32f — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/commit/1479aab2d32fe0ee087f82b9038b1035c98be2f6
Web page

Security | Deploy | n8n Docs

https://docs.n8n.io/hosting/securing/overview

Patch Availability(3)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
npmn8n @ 1.123.22 (fixes < 1.123.22)—ghsa
npmn8n @ 2.9.3 (fixes >= 2.0.0, < 2.9.3)—ghsa
npmn8n @ 2.10.1 (fixes >= 2.10.0, < 2.10.1)—ghsa

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
npm(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
n8n—
  • every version up to 1.123.22: fixed in 1.123.22
  • 2.0.0 up to 2.9.3: fixed in 2.9.3
  • 2.10.0 up to 2.10.1: fixed in 2.10.1
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 14× in last 7d / 56× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 98 of 119 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 2 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 21 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-01 10:45 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-vpcf-gvg4-6qwr · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.9
  2. 2026-11-01 07:56 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-vpcf-gvg4-6qwr · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.9
  3. 2026-11-01 07:56 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-10-31 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  5. 2026-10-31 08:30 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-10-30 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  7. 2026-10-30 06:15 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-29 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  9. 2026-10-29 04:01 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-10-28 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  11. 2026-10-28 01:47 UTCEG score recompute
  12. 2026-10-27 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  13. 2026-10-26 23:30 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-26 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  15. 2026-10-25 17:44 UTCEG score recompute
  16. 2026-10-25 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  17. 2026-10-25 14:38 UTCEG score recompute
  18. 2026-10-25 03:10 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-24 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 66th percentile
  20. 2026-10-24 00:56 UTCEG score recompute
  21. 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 66th percentile
  22. 2026-10-22 22:41 UTCEG score recompute
  23. 2026-10-22 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 63rd percentile
  24. 2026-10-21 20:19 UTCEG score recompute
  25. 2026-10-21 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 63rd percentile
Show 73 more
  1. 2026-10-20 18:04 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-10-20 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 63rd percentile
  3. 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 63rd percentile
  4. 2026-10-19 15:49 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-18 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 63rd percentile
  6. 2026-10-18 03:51 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 63rd percentile
  8. 2026-10-17 11:15 UTCEG score recompute
  9. 2026-10-16 16:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 63rd percentile
  10. 2026-10-16 09:01 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-15 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 63rd percentile
  12. 2026-10-15 06:46 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-10-14 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 63rd percentile
  14. 2026-10-14 02:30 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-13 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 62nd percentile
  16. 2026-10-12 22:45 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-10-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 62nd percentile
  18. 2026-10-12 16:17 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-11 19:59 UTCEG score recompute
  20. 2026-10-11 17:13 UTCEG score recompute
  21. 2026-10-11 14:44 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-10-11 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 62nd percentile
  23. 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 62nd percentile
  24. 2026-10-09 20:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 62nd percentile
  25. 2026-10-09 13:28 UTCOSV refresh
  26. 2026-10-08 17:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 62nd percentile
  27. 2026-10-07 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 62nd percentile
  28. 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 62nd percentile
  29. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
  30. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
  31. 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
  32. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
  33. 2026-09-30 15:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
  34. 2026-09-28 13:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
  35. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
  36. 2026-09-26 00:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
  37. 2026-09-19 21:00 UTCOSV refresh
  38. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 10.0% · 95th percentile
  39. 2026-09-17 19:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 10.0% · 95th percentile
  40. 2026-09-16 14:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 10.0% · 95th percentile
  41. 2026-09-16 05:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 10.0% · 95th percentile
  42. 2026-09-12 15:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 10.0% · 95th percentile
  43. 2026-09-11 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 10.0% · 95th percentile
  44. 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 10.0% · 95th percentile
  45. 2026-09-08 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 10.0% · 95th percentile
  46. 2026-09-07 16:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 10.0% · 95th percentile
  47. 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 10.0% · 95th percentile
  48. 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 10.0% · 95th percentile
  49. 2026-09-02 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 10.0% · 95th percentile
  50. 2026-09-01 13:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 10.0% · 95th percentile
  51. 2026-09-01 04:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 10.0% · 95th percentile
  52. 2026-09-01 00:04 UTCOSV refresh
  53. 2026-08-30 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 10.0% · 95th percentile
  54. 2026-08-30 01:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 10.0% · 95th percentile
  55. 2026-08-28 21:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 10.0% · 95th percentile
  56. 2026-08-27 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 10.0% · 95th percentile
  57. 2026-08-26 14:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 10.0% · 95th percentile
  58. 2026-08-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 10.0% · 95th percentile
  59. 2026-08-23 00:19 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.6% · 94th percentile
  60. 2026-08-21 23:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.6% · 94th percentile
  61. 2026-08-20 22:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.6% · 94th percentile
  62. 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.6% · 94th percentile
  63. 2026-08-18 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.6% · 94th percentile
  64. 2026-08-17 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.6% · 94th percentile
  65. 2026-08-16 14:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.6% · 94th percentile
  66. 2026-08-16 02:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.6% · 94th percentile
  67. 2026-08-15 01:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.6% · 94th percentile
  68. 2026-08-14 08:59 UTCEG score recompute
  69. 2026-08-13 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.6% · 94th percentile
  70. 2026-08-13 00:58 UTCEG score recompute
  71. 2026-08-12 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.6% · 94th percentile
  72. 2026-08-11 23:54 UTCEG score recompute
  73. 2026-08-11 13:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.6% · 94th percentile

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-27577?
CVE-2026-27577 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on February 25, 2026. n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to versions 2.10.1, 2.9.3, and 1.123.22, additional exploits in the expression evaluation of n8n have been identified and patched following CVE-2025-68613. An authenticated user with permission to create or modify workflows could abuse…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-27577 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-27577 was published on February 25, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of July 28, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-27577 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-27577 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 11% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (95th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-27577?
CVE-2026-27577 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.9 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-27577?
A fix for CVE-2026-27577 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory.

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