CVE-2026-23077

HIGHNVD 7.87.8
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 7.8 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: HIGH) published 2026-02-04. NVD baseline CVSS 7.8; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 4 sources updated this week

Also known asEUVD-2026-5466 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-jfpv-p5jh-pjp7 (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

7.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.2%CVSS: 7.8Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

mm/vma: fix anon_vma UAF on mremap() faulted, unfaulted merge

Patch series "mm/vma: fix anon_vma UAF on mremap() faulted, unfaulted merge", v2.

Commit 879bca0a2c4f ("mm/vma: fix incorrectly disallowed anonymous VMA merges") introduced the ability to merge previously unavailable VMA merge scenarios.

However, it is handling merges incorrectly when it comes to mremap() of a faulted VMA adjacent to an unfaulted VMA. The issues arise in three cases:

  • Previous VMA unfaulted:

copied -----| v |-----------|.............| | unfaulted |(faulted VMA)| |-----------|.............| prev

  • Next VMA unfaulted:

copied -----| v |.............|-----------| |(faulted VMA)| unfaulted | |.............|-----------| next

  • Both adjacent VMAs unfaulted:

copied -----| v |-----------|.............|-----------| | unfaulted |(faulted VMA)| unfaulted | |-----------|.............|-----------| prev next

This series fixes each of these cases, and introduces self tests to assert that the issues are corrected.

I also test a further case which was already handled, to assert that my changes continues to correctly handle it:

  • prev unfaulted, next faulted:

copied -----| v |-----------|.............|-----------| | unfaulted |(faulted VMA)| faulted | |-----------|.............|-----------| prev next

This bug was discovered via a syzbot report, linked to in the first patch in the series, I confirmed that this series fixes the bug.

I also discovered that we are failing to check that the faulted VMA was not forked when merging a copied VMA in cases 1-3 above, an issue this series also addresses.

I also added self tests to assert that this is resolved (and confirmed that the tests failed prior to this).

I also cleaned up vma_expand() as part of this work, renamed vma_had_uncowed_parents() to vma_is_fork_child() as the previous name was unduly confusing, and simplified the comments around this function.

This patch (of 4):

Commit 879bca0a2c4f ("mm/vma: fix incorrectly disallowed anonymous VMA merges") introduced the ability to merge previously unavailable VMA merge scenarios.

The key piece of logic introduced was the ability to merge a faulted VMA immediately next to an unfaulted VMA, which relies upon dup_anon_vma() to correctly handle anon_vma state.

In the case of the merge of an existing VMA (that is changing properties of a VMA and then merging if those properties are shared by adjacent VMAs), dup_anon_vma() is invoked correctly.

However in the case of the merge of a new VMA, a corner case peculiar to mremap() was missed.

The issue is that vma_expand() only performs dup_anon_vma() if the target (the VMA that will ultimately become the merged VMA): is not the next VMA, i.e. the one that appears after the range in which the new VMA is to be established.

A key insight here is that in all other cases other than mremap(), a new VMA merge either expands an existing VMA, meaning that the target VMA will be that VMA, or would have anon_vma be NULL.

Specifically:

* __mmap_region() - no anon_vma in place, initial mapping. * do_brk_flags() - expanding an existing VMA. * vma_merge_extend() - expanding an existing VMA. * relocate_vma_down() - no anon_vma in place, initial mapping.

In addition, we are in the unique situation of needing to duplicate anon_vma state from a VMA that is neither the previous or next VMA being merged with.

dup_anon_vma() deals exclusively with the target=unfaulted, src=faulted case. This leaves four possibilities, in each case where the copied VMA is faulted:

  • Previous VMA unfaulted:

copied -----| ---truncated---

CVSS v3
7.8
EG Score
7.8HIGHmedium confidence
EG Risk
35
EG Risk 35/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity78% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 7.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.2% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's BOD 26-04 default: no one has published Automatable for this CVE, and CISA treats it as “no” for a CVE not in KEV.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (no CISA value, KEV listing or exploit code on record) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). EchelonGraph holds no SSVC assessment of this CVE from CISA: none of these inputs is from Vulnrichment. EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.2%
EPSS %ILE
5th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (7.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 7.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
7.8 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.2% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS. FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (no CISA value, KEV listing or exploit code on record) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). EchelonGraph holds no SSVC assessment of this CVE from CISA: none of these inputs is from Vulnrichment. EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). Where an input reads “CISA's BOD 26-04 default”, no one has published it for this CVE, and CISA's implementation guidance says: “If “Automatable” and “Technical Impact” information items about a CVE ID are not available and the CVE ID is not in the KEV Catalog, CISA will treat its values as “no” and “total,” respectively, until CISA or a third party provides metadata about the CVE ID. CISA will always provide the Vulnrichment data for a CVE ID listed in the KEV Catalog.” Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

February 4, 2026

Last Modified

August 5, 2026

Advisory Details (2)

Auto-updated Aug 2, 2026
Patch available.
Web page

mm/vma: fix anon_vma UAF on mremap() faulted, unfaulted merge - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a4d9dbfc1bab16e25fefd34b5e537a46bed8fc96
Web page

mm/vma: fix anon_vma UAF on mremap() faulted, unfaulted merge - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/61f67c230a5e7c741c352349ea80147fbe65bfae

Patch Availability(7)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntulinux-tools-realtime-hwe-24.04 (6.17.0-1018.20~24.04.1) @ noble2026-10-27ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-6.17 (6.17.0-1021.21~24.04.1) @ noble2026-10-27ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-oem-6.17 (6.17.0-1030.30) @ noble2026-10-27ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-oracle-64k-6.17 (6.17.0-1019.19~24.04.3+1) @ noble2026-10-27ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-nvidia-hwe-24.04 (6.17.0-1031.31) @ noble2026-10-27ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-fde-6.17 (6.17.0-1018.18~24.04.1) @ noble2026-10-27ubuntu
linuxKernel @ 6.18.8 (fixes >=6.16.0)—osv

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.12.100-1 ... 6.18~rc7-1~exp1 (97 versions)
  • every version up to 6.18.8-1: fixed in 6.18.8-1
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

All Vendor Advisories

(6)

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 10× in last 7d / 40× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 99 of 244 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 1 repeat row among the latest 100 is merged into the row it repeats. The 145 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-01 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  2. 2026-10-31 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  3. 2026-10-30 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  4. 2026-10-29 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  5. 2026-10-28 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  6. 2026-10-27 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  7. 2026-10-27 11:19 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-27 11:19 UTCVendor advisory
  9. 2026-10-27 11:19 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-jfpv-p5jh-pjp7 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  10. 2026-10-26 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  11. 2026-10-25 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  12. 2026-10-25 14:41 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-10-24 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  14. 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  15. 2026-10-22 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  16. 2026-10-21 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  17. 2026-10-20 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  18. 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  19. 2026-10-18 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  20. 2026-10-18 03:55 UTCEG score recompute
  21. 2026-10-17 17:11 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-10-17 17:11 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-jfpv-p5jh-pjp7 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  23. 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  24. 2026-10-16 16:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  25. 2026-10-15 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
Show 74 more
  1. 2026-10-14 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  2. 2026-10-13 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  3. 2026-10-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  4. 2026-10-12 16:21 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-11 20:03 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-10-11 17:16 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-11 14:48 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-11 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  9. 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  10. 2026-10-09 20:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  11. 2026-10-09 09:28 UTCOSV refresh
  12. 2026-10-07 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  13. 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  14. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  15. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  16. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  17. 2026-09-30 15:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  18. 2026-09-29 15:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  19. 2026-09-28 13:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  20. 2026-09-27 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  21. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  22. 2026-09-26 00:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  23. 2026-09-24 14:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  24. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  25. 2026-09-19 16:33 UTCOSV refresh
  26. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  27. 2026-09-16 14:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  28. 2026-09-16 05:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  29. 2026-09-13 16:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  30. 2026-09-12 15:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  31. 2026-09-11 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  32. 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  33. 2026-09-08 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  34. 2026-09-07 16:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  35. 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  36. 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  37. 2026-09-02 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  38. 2026-09-01 13:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  39. 2026-08-31 20:04 UTCOSV refresh
  40. 2026-08-30 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  41. 2026-08-30 01:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  42. 2026-08-28 21:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  43. 2026-08-27 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  44. 2026-08-26 14:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  45. 2026-08-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  46. 2026-08-21 23:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  47. 2026-08-20 22:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  48. 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  49. 2026-08-18 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  50. 2026-08-17 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  51. 2026-08-16 14:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  52. 2026-08-16 02:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  53. 2026-08-15 01:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  54. 2026-08-14 22:56 UTCVendor advisory
  55. 2026-08-14 22:56 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-jfpv-p5jh-pjp7 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  56. 2026-08-14 11:14 UTCEG score recompute
  57. 2026-08-14 11:14 UTCVendor advisory
  58. 2026-08-14 11:14 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-jfpv-p5jh-pjp7 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  59. 2026-08-13 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  60. 2026-08-13 03:33 UTCEG score recompute
  61. 2026-08-13 03:33 UTCVendor advisory
  62. 2026-08-13 03:33 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-jfpv-p5jh-pjp7 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  63. 2026-08-12 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  64. 2026-08-11 00:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  65. 2026-08-10 03:42 UTCVendor advisory
  66. 2026-08-10 03:42 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-jfpv-p5jh-pjp7 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  67. 2026-08-09 15:53 UTCEG score recompute
  68. 2026-08-09 15:53 UTCVendor advisory
  69. 2026-08-09 15:53 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-jfpv-p5jh-pjp7 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  70. 2026-08-09 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  71. 2026-08-08 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  72. 2026-08-08 10:29 UTCVendor advisory
  73. 2026-08-08 10:29 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-jfpv-p5jh-pjp7 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  74. 2026-08-07 22:48 UTCEG score recompute

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-23077?
CVE-2026-23077 is a high-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on February 4, 2026. In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mm/vma: fix anon_vma UAF on mremap() faulted, unfaulted merge Patch series "mm/vma: fix anon_vma UAF on mremap() faulted, unfaulted merge", v2. Commit 879bca0a2c4f ("mm/vma: fix incorrectly disallowed anonymous VMA merges")…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-23077 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-23077 was published on February 4, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of August 5, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-23077 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-23077 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.2% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (5th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-23077?
CVE-2026-23077 has a CVSS v3 base score of 7.8 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-23077?
A fix for CVE-2026-23077 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory.

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