CVE-2025-7771

HIGHPre-NVD 8.78.7
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.

This high-severity CVE scores 8.7 under a secondary CVSS source (NVD's own analysis pending). EPSS exploit probability: 8.3% (94th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from a secondary CVSS source
Sources: EPSS, a secondary CVSS source
Trending — 3 sources updated this weekElevated

Also known asEUVD-2025-23820 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-f8p7-vvxp-hcxv (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

8.7EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan mitigationNo fix is confirmed yet: check with the vendor for a fixed release; until one is applied, restrict network exposure of the affected system on your normal schedule (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • Public exploit or proof-of-concept code is available
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 8.3%CVSS: 8.7Exploit: Public PoCExposed services: Not assessed

No fix is confirmed yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for the fix.

ThrottleStop.sys, a legitimate driver, exposes two IOCTL interfaces that allow arbitrary read and write access to physical memory via the MmMapIoSpace function. This insecure implementation can be exploited by a malicious user-mode application to patch the running Windows kernel and invoke arbitrary kernel functions with ring-0 privileges. The vulnerability enables local attackers to execute arbitrary code in kernel context, resulting in privilege escalation and potential follow-on attacks, such as disabling security software or bypassing kernel-level protections. ThrottleStop.sys version 3.0.0.0 and possibly others are affected. Apply updates per vendor instructions.

CVSS v3
8.7
EG Score
8.7HIGHmedium confidence
EG Risk
55
EG Risk 55/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity87% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 8.7 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at every mission impact level.
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: No fix is confirmed yet. Check with the vendor for a fixed release; until one is applied, restrict network exposure of the affected system on your normal schedule.
EPSS PROB
8.3%
EPSS %ILE
94th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (8.7): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 8.7 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
8.7 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.a secondary CVSS source · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
EG Likelihood
8.3% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-31). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at every mission impact level.CISA BOD 26-04: 60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.No released fix is confirmed on this page, but CISA's timeline does not wait for a fix's release: it starts when an agency identifies the flaw on an asset and updates the CDM Agency and Federal Dashboard, and the directive counts patching, decommissioning the system or another action as remediation. Until a fixed release is applied, mitigate as this page's verdict says. In the directive's words, “Fix on system upgrade” means that, “unless conditions change”, the vulnerability “should be remediated the next time the vulnerable asset receives a scheduled major upgrade or rebuild”: its timelines are “dynamic as facts change”, and a KEV listing shortens them.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at every mission impact level.

No fix is confirmed yet. Check with the vendor for a fixed release; until one is applied, restrict network exposure of the affected system on your normal schedule.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

No released fix is confirmed on this page, but CISA's timeline does not wait for a fix's release: it starts when an agency identifies the flaw on an asset and updates the CDM Agency and Federal Dashboard, and the directive counts patching, decommissioning the system or another action as remediation. Until a fixed release is applied, mitigate as this page's verdict says. In the directive's words, “Fix on system upgrade” means that, “unless conditions change”, the vulnerability “should be remediated the next time the vulnerable asset receives a scheduled major upgrade or rebuild”: its timelines are “dynamic as facts change”, and a KEV listing shortens them.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

August 6, 2025

Last Modified

June 17, 2026

Advisory Details (3)

Auto-updated Sep 1, 2026
No fix on record yet.
Web page

ThrottleStop 9.7.3 Download | TechPowerUp

https://www.techpowerup.com/download/techpowerup-throttlestop/
Web page

ThrottleStop driver abused to terminate AV processes | Securelist

https://securelist.com/av-killer-exploiting-throttlestop-sys/117026/
Web page

Advisories/K-TechPowerUp-2025-001.md at master · klsecservices/Advisories · GitHub

https://github.com/klsecservices/Advisories/blob/master/K-TechPowerUp-2025-001.md

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 9× in last 7d / 42× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 97 of 208 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 3 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 111 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-01 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.3% · 94th percentile
  2. 2026-11-01 15:16 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-11-01 15:16 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-f8p7-vvxp-hcxv · GitHub severity HIGH
  4. 2026-10-31 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.3% · 94th percentile
  5. 2026-10-30 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.3% · 94th percentile
  6. 2026-10-29 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.3% · 94th percentile
  7. 2026-10-28 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.3% · 94th percentile
  8. 2026-10-27 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.3% · 94th percentile
  9. 2026-10-26 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.1% · 94th percentile
  10. 2026-10-25 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.1% · 94th percentile
  11. 2026-10-25 16:01 UTCEG score recompute
  12. 2026-10-25 06:25 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-10-25 06:25 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-f8p7-vvxp-hcxv · GitHub severity HIGH
  14. 2026-10-24 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.1% · 94th percentile
  15. 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.1% · 94th percentile
  16. 2026-10-22 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.1% · 94th percentile
  17. 2026-10-21 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.1% · 94th percentile
  18. 2026-10-20 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.1% · 94th percentile
  19. 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.1% · 94th percentile
  20. 2026-10-18 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.1% · 94th percentile
  21. 2026-10-18 05:15 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-10-17 21:34 UTCEG score recompute
  23. 2026-10-17 21:34 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-f8p7-vvxp-hcxv · GitHub severity HIGH
  24. 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.0% · 94th percentile
  25. 2026-10-16 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.0% · 94th percentile
Show 72 more
  1. 2026-10-15 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.0% · 94th percentile
  2. 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.0% · 94th percentile
  3. 2026-10-13 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.0% · 94th percentile
  4. 2026-10-12 16:44 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.0% · 94th percentile
  6. 2026-10-11 20:19 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-11 18:31 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-11 15:06 UTCEG score recompute
  9. 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.0% · 94th percentile
  10. 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.0% · 94th percentile
  11. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.0% · 94th percentile
  12. 2026-10-08 17:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.0% · 94th percentile
  13. 2026-10-07 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.0% · 94th percentile
  14. 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 8.0% · 94th percentile
  15. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.2% · 94th percentile
  16. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.2% · 94th percentile
  17. 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.2% · 94th percentile
  18. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.2% · 94th percentile
  19. 2026-09-30 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.2% · 94th percentile
  20. 2026-09-29 15:20 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.2% · 94th percentile
  21. 2026-09-28 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.2% · 94th percentile
  22. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.2% · 94th percentile
  23. 2026-09-24 14:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.2% · 94th percentile
  24. 2026-09-23 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.2% · 94th percentile
  25. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.2% · 93rd percentile
  26. 2026-09-17 19:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.2% · 93rd percentile
  27. 2026-09-16 14:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.2% · 93rd percentile
  28. 2026-09-16 05:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.2% · 93rd percentile
  29. 2026-09-15 03:10 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.1% · 93rd percentile
  30. 2026-09-13 16:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.8% · 93rd percentile
  31. 2026-09-12 15:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.8% · 93rd percentile
  32. 2026-09-11 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.8% · 93rd percentile
  33. 2026-09-11 09:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.8% · 93rd percentile
  34. 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.8% · 93rd percentile
  35. 2026-09-08 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.8% · 93rd percentile
  36. 2026-09-07 16:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.8% · 93rd percentile
  37. 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.8% · 93rd percentile
  38. 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.8% · 93rd percentile
  39. 2026-09-02 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.8% · 93rd percentile
  40. 2026-09-01 13:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.8% · 93rd percentile
  41. 2026-08-30 01:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.8% · 93rd percentile
  42. 2026-08-28 21:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.8% · 93rd percentile
  43. 2026-08-27 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.8% · 93rd percentile
  44. 2026-08-26 14:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.8% · 93rd percentile
  45. 2026-08-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.8% · 93rd percentile
  46. 2026-08-24 14:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.8% · 93rd percentile
  47. 2026-08-23 00:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.8% · 93rd percentile
  48. 2026-08-21 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.8% · 93rd percentile
  49. 2026-08-20 22:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.8% · 93rd percentile
  50. 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.8% · 93rd percentile
  51. 2026-08-18 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.8% · 93rd percentile
  52. 2026-08-17 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.8% · 93rd percentile
  53. 2026-08-16 14:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.8% · 93rd percentile
  54. 2026-08-16 02:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.8% · 93rd percentile
  55. 2026-08-15 01:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.8% · 93rd percentile
  56. 2026-08-13 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.8% · 93rd percentile
  57. 2026-08-12 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.8% · 93rd percentile
  58. 2026-08-11 13:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.8% · 93rd percentile
  59. 2026-08-10 23:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.8% · 93rd percentile
  60. 2026-08-08 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.8% · 93rd percentile
  61. 2026-08-07 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.8% · 93rd percentile
  62. 2026-08-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.8% · 93rd percentile
  63. 2026-08-05 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.8% · 93rd percentile
  64. 2026-08-04 10:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.8% · 93rd percentile
  65. 2026-08-03 10:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.8% · 93rd percentile
  66. 2026-08-02 02:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.8% · 93rd percentile
  67. 2026-08-01 04:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.8% · 93rd percentile
  68. 2026-07-30 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.8% · 93rd percentile
  69. 2026-07-30 01:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.8% · 93rd percentile
  70. 2026-07-27 14:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.8% · 93rd percentile
  71. 2026-07-26 14:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.8% · 93rd percentile
  72. 2026-07-25 14:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 6.8% · 93rd percentile

Publicly available exploits

(12 references, 10 shown)

Public exploit code is referenced for this CVE (1 Exploit-DB entry, 11 GitHub PoCs). No fix is confirmed yet, so defenders should restrict or isolate affected systems accordingly until one is published.

  • GitHub PoCenessakircolak/CVE-2025-7771
    Published Aug 10, 2026

    ThrottleStop.sys Arbitrary Physical Memory R/W

    Open source ↗
  • Exploit-DBEDB-52512
    Published Apr 22, 2026

    Throttlestop Kernel Driver - Kernel Out-of-Bounds Write Privilege Escalation

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCD4rkks/CVE-2025-7771-Vulnerability-Exploration
    Published Apr 17, 2026

    Escalating privilege in the system from unsigned driver using throttlestop vulnerability

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCDeathShotXD/0xKern3lCrush
    Published Feb 4, 2026

    Advanced PoC & Research for CVE-2026-0828 (Safetica) and CVE-2025-7771 (ThrottleStop). Analysis of BYOVD (Bring Your Own Vulnerable Driver) TTPs for Ring 0 process termination and physical memory R/W. Researching EDR-Killer patterns, PPL bypasses, and kernel-mode primitives used by MedusaLocker and other threat actors.

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoClzty/CVE-2025-7771
    Published Jan 21, 2026

    This Poc demonstrate Arbitrary read/write primitives provided by CVE-2025-7771

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCxM0kht4r/CVE-2025-7771
    Published Jan 13, 2026

    A simple PoC demonstrating the vulnerability in the ThrottleStop.sys driver, showcasing arbitrary physical memory read and write capabilities, as well as virtual-to-physical address translation using Superfetch.

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCv31l0x1/ThrottleStopPPL
    Published Dec 31, 2025

    Poc for CVE-2025-7771 to modify PPL Protection

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCAmrHuss/throttlestop-exploit-rw
    Published Nov 13, 2025

    Arbitrary physical memory read/write exploitation using ThrottleStop.sys (CVE-2025-7771) with superfetch address translation - Windows kernel security research

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCGabriel-Lacorte/CVE-2025-7771
    Published Oct 3, 2025

    Arbitrary Function Call Exploit using the ThrottleStop driver

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCDemoo1337/ThrottleStop
    Published Sep 7, 2025

    CVE-2025-7771 ThrottleStop.sys privilege escalation exploit - unrestricted IOCTL access to physical memory via MmMapIoSpace

    Open source ↗

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-7771?
CVE-2025-7771 is a high-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on August 6, 2025. ThrottleStop.sys, a legitimate driver, exposes two IOCTL interfaces that allow arbitrary read and write access to physical memory via the MmMapIoSpace function. This insecure implementation can be exploited by a malicious user-mode application to patch the running Windows kernel and invoke…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2025-7771 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2025-7771 was published on August 6, 2025. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of June 17, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-7771 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-7771 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 8.3% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (94th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-7771?
CVE-2025-7771 has a CVSS base score of 8.7 (a secondary CVSS source that NVD displays; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-7771?
No fix for CVE-2025-7771 is confirmed yet. Until one is published, restrict network exposure of the affected system — for example, keep it off the internet or limit it to trusted networks — and watch for a fix.

Dependency Blast Radius

Explore the affected products and dependency analysis for CVE-2025-7771

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