CVE-2025-59936

CRITICALNVD 9.49.4—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

This critical-severity CVE scores 9.4 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.4%, top 70% of all CVEs by exploit prediction. GitHub Security Advisory data not yet ingested — confidence will rise once GHSA publishes (typical lag: hours to days for open-source ecosystem CVEs; never for infrastructure-only CVEs).

Triggered by: NVD CVSS baseline
Sources: epss, nvd
Elevated
9.4
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixSerious severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet.
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS: 0%CVSS: 9.4Exploit: NoneExposed: 0

No vendor fix yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for a patch.

get-jwks contains fetch utils for JWKS keys. In versions prior to 11.0.2, a vulnerability in get-jwks can lead to cache poisoning in the JWKS key-fetching mechanism. When the iss (issuer) claim is validated only after keys are retrieved from the cache, it is possible for cached keys from an unexpected issuer to be reused, resulting in a bypass of issuer validation. This design flaw enables a potential attack where a malicious actor crafts a pair of JWTs, the first one ensuring that a chosen public key is fetched and stored in the shared JWKS cache, and the second one leveraging that cached key to pass signature validation for a targeted iss value. The vulnerability will work only if the iss validation is done after the use of get-jwks for keys retrieval. This issue has been patched in version 11.0.2.

CVSS v3
9.4
EG Score
9.4(medium)
EG Risk
73(Attend)
EG Risk 73/100SSVC: Attend

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity94% × 45%
Exploitation40% × 40%
Automatability100% × 15%
Action: Remediate soon — notable exploitation risk.
EPSS
29.7%
KEV
Not listed

Published

September 27, 2025

Last Modified

April 15, 2026

Advisory Details (2)

Auto-updated May 21, 2026
🔬 Proof of concept available. Patch available. Sources: github.
github Patch Available🟡 PoC Available

Poisoned JWKS cache allows post-fetch issuer validation bypass · Advisory · nearform/get-jwks · GitHub

https://github.com/nearform/get-jwks/security/advisories/GHSA-qc2q-qhf3-235m
generic

Merge commit from fork · nearform/get-jwks@1706a17 · GitHub

https://github.com/nearform/get-jwks/commit/1706a177a80a1759fe68e3339dc5a219ce03ddb9

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
npm(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
get-jwks—11.0.2—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 12× in last 7d / 44× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 117 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-07-23 14:18 UTCEPSS rescore
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  3. 2026-07-23 03:00 UTCEG score recompute
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  1. 2026-07-07 13:45 UTCEPSS rescore
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Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-59936?
CVE-2025-59936 is a critical vulnerability published on September 27, 2025. get-jwks contains fetch utils for JWKS keys. In versions prior to 11.0.2, a vulnerability in get-jwks can lead to cache poisoning in the JWKS key-fetching mechanism. When the iss (issuer) claim is validated only after keys are retrieved from the cache, it is possible for cached keys from an…
When was CVE-2025-59936 disclosed?
CVE-2025-59936 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on September 27, 2025, with the most recent update on April 15, 2026. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2025-59936 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-59936 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 29.7% percentile likelihood of exploitation in the next 30 days — higher percentiles indicate greater predicted risk.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-59936?
CVE-2025-59936 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.4 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-59936?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2025-59936, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

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