CVE-2025-59934

CRITICALNVD 9.49.4—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

This critical-severity CVE scores 9.4 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 8.0%, top 6% of all CVEs by exploit prediction. GitHub Security Advisory data not yet ingested — confidence will rise once GHSA publishes (typical lag: hours to days for open-source ecosystem CVEs; never for infrastructure-only CVEs).

Triggered by: NVD CVSS baseline
Sources: epss, nvd
Elevated
9.4
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixSerious severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet.
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS: 8%CVSS: 9.4Exploit: NoneExposed: 0

No vendor fix yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for a patch.

Formbricks is an open source qualtrics alternative. Prior to version 4.0.1, Formbricks is missing JWT signature verification. This vulnerability stems from a token validation routine that only decodes JWTs (jwt.decode) without verifying their signatures. Both the email verification token login path and the password reset server action use the same validator, which does not check the token’s signature, expiration, issuer, or audience. If an attacker learns the victim’s actual user.id, they can craft an arbitrary JWT with an alg: "none" header and use it to authenticate and reset the victim’s password. This issue has been patched in version 4.0.1.

CVSS v3
9.4
EG Score
9.4(medium)
EG Risk
73(Attend)
EG Risk 73/100SSVC: Attend

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity94% × 45%
Exploitation40% × 40%
Automatability100% × 15%
Action: Remediate soon — notable exploitation risk.
EPSS
94.2%
KEV
Not listed

Published

September 26, 2025

Last Modified

April 15, 2026

Advisory Details (4)

Auto-updated May 21, 2026
🔬 Proof of concept available. Patch available. Sources: github.
github Patch Available🟡 PoC Available

Missing JWT signature verification in formbricks · Advisory · formbricks/formbricks · GitHub

https://github.com/formbricks/formbricks/security/advisories/GHSA-7229-q9pv-j6p4
generic

fix: enhance JWT handling with improved encryption and decryption logic by victorvhs017 · Pull Request #6596 · formbricks/formbricks · GitHub

https://github.com/formbricks/formbricks/pull/6596
generic

fix: enhance JWT handling with improved encryption and decryption log… · formbricks/formbricks@eb1349f · GitHub

https://github.com/formbricks/formbricks/commit/eb1349f205189d5b2d4a95ec42245ca98cf68c82
generic

formbricks/apps/web/lib/jwt.ts at 843110b0d6c37b5c0da54291616f84c91c55c4fc · formbricks/formbricks · GitHub

https://github.com/formbricks/formbricks/blob/843110b0d6c37b5c0da54291616f84c91c55c4fc/apps/web/lib/jwt.ts#L114-L117

Weakness Classification(3)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 11× in last 7d / 42× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 115 total refreshes for this CVE.

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Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-59934?
CVE-2025-59934 is a critical vulnerability published on September 26, 2025. Formbricks is an open source qualtrics alternative. Prior to version 4.0.1, Formbricks is missing JWT signature verification. This vulnerability stems from a token validation routine that only decodes JWTs (jwt.decode) without verifying their signatures. Both the email verification token login path…
When was CVE-2025-59934 disclosed?
CVE-2025-59934 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on September 26, 2025, with the most recent update on April 15, 2026. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2025-59934 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-59934 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 94.2% percentile likelihood of exploitation in the next 30 days — higher percentiles indicate greater predicted risk.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-59934?
CVE-2025-59934 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.4 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-59934?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2025-59934, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

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