CVE-2025-59044

MEDIUMNVD 4.44.4
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

This medium-severity CVE scores 4.4 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.1% (3rd percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from NVD CVSS v3
Sources: EPSS, NVD CVSS v3

Also known asEUVD-2025-27515 (ENISA EUVD)Source: ENISA EUVD

4.4EG
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.1%CVSS: 4.4Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

The CVE record names the fixed release — apply it.

Himmelblau is an interoperability suite for Microsoft Azure Entra ID and Intune. Himmelblau 0.9.x derives numeric GIDs for Entra ID groups from the group display name when himmelblau.conf id_attr_map = name (the default configuration). Because Microsoft Entra ID allows multiple groups with the same displayName (including end-user–created personal/O365 groups, depending on tenant policy), distinct directory groups can collapse to the same numeric GID on Linux. This issue only applies to Himmelblau versions 0.9.0 through 0.9.22. Any resource or service on a Himmelblau-joined host that enforces authorization by numeric GID (files/dirs, etc.) can be unintentionally accessible to a user who creates or joins a different Entra/O365 group that happens to share the same displayName as a privileged security group. Users should upgrade to 0.9.23, or 1.0.0 or later, to receive a patch. Group to GID mapping now uses Entra ID object IDs (GUIDs) and does not collide on same-name groups. As a workaround, use tenant policy hardening to restrict arbitrary group creation until all hosts are patched.

CVSS v3
4.4
EG Score
4.4MEDIUMmedium confidence
EG Risk
20
EG Risk 20/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity44% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 4.4 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.1% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at every mission impact level.
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: The CVE record names the fixed release. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.1%
EPSS %ILE
3rd
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (4.4): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 4.4 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
4.4 MEDIUMCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.NVD CVSS v3 · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
EG Likelihood
0.1% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-24). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at every mission impact level.CISA BOD 26-04: 60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at every mission impact level.

The CVE record names the fixed release. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

September 9, 2025

Last Modified

October 19, 2026

References (3)

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 8× in last 7d / 37× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 95 of 217 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 5 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 122 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-02 16:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  2. 2026-11-01 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  3. 2026-10-31 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  4. 2026-10-30 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  5. 2026-10-29 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  6. 2026-10-28 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  7. 2026-10-28 11:55 UTCOSV refresh
  8. 2026-10-27 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  9. 2026-10-26 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  10. 2026-10-25 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  11. 2026-10-25 16:16 UTCEG score recompute
  12. 2026-10-24 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  13. 2026-10-23 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  14. 2026-10-22 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  15. 2026-10-21 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  16. 2026-10-20 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  17. 2026-10-19 17:32 UTCEG score recompute
  18. 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  19. 2026-10-18 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  20. 2026-10-18 05:23 UTCEG score recompute
  21. 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  22. 2026-10-16 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  23. 2026-10-15 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  24. 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  25. 2026-10-13 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
Show 70 more
  1. 2026-10-12 16:54 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-10-11 20:28 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-10-11 18:39 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-10-11 15:15 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  6. 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  7. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  8. 2026-10-07 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  9. 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  10. 2026-10-06 10:14 UTCOSV refresh
  11. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  12. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  13. 2026-10-03 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  14. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  15. 2026-09-30 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  16. 2026-09-28 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  17. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  18. 2026-09-26 00:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  19. 2026-09-24 14:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  20. 2026-09-23 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  21. 2026-09-21 21:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  22. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  23. 2026-09-19 15:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  24. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  25. 2026-09-17 19:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  26. 2026-09-16 17:39 UTCOSV refresh
  27. 2026-09-16 14:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  28. 2026-09-16 05:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  29. 2026-09-13 16:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  30. 2026-09-12 15:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  31. 2026-09-11 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  32. 2026-09-11 09:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  33. 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  34. 2026-09-08 21:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  35. 2026-09-07 16:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  36. 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  37. 2026-09-05 15:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  38. 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  39. 2026-09-02 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  40. 2026-09-01 13:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  41. 2026-09-01 04:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  42. 2026-08-30 19:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  43. 2026-08-30 01:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  44. 2026-08-28 21:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  45. 2026-08-28 17:23 UTCOSV refresh
  46. 2026-08-27 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  47. 2026-08-26 14:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  48. 2026-08-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  49. 2026-08-24 14:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  50. 2026-08-24 09:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  51. 2026-08-23 00:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 4th percentile
  52. 2026-08-21 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 4th percentile
  53. 2026-08-20 22:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 4th percentile
  54. 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 4th percentile
  55. 2026-08-18 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 4th percentile
  56. 2026-08-17 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 4th percentile
  57. 2026-08-16 14:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  58. 2026-08-16 02:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  59. 2026-08-15 01:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  60. 2026-08-13 21:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  61. 2026-08-12 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  62. 2026-08-12 05:47 UTCOSV refresh
  63. 2026-08-11 13:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  64. 2026-08-10 23:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  65. 2026-08-09 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  66. 2026-08-08 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  67. 2026-08-07 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  68. 2026-08-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  69. 2026-08-05 19:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  70. 2026-08-04 10:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile

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Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-59044?
CVE-2025-59044 is a medium-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on September 9, 2025. Himmelblau is an interoperability suite for Microsoft Azure Entra ID and Intune. Himmelblau 0.9.x derives numeric GIDs for Entra ID groups from the group display name when himmelblau.conf id_attr_map = name (the default configuration). Because Microsoft Entra ID allows multiple groups with the same…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2025-59044 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2025-59044 was published on September 9, 2025. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 19, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-59044 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-59044 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.1% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (3rd percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-59044?
CVE-2025-59044 has a CVSS v3 base score of 4.4 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-59044?
The CVE record for CVE-2025-59044 names the fix: "Users should upgrade to 0.9.23, or 1.0.0 or later, to receive a patch."

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