CVE-2025-54887

CRITICALNVD 9.19.1—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

This critical-severity CVE scores 9.1 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.0%, top 98% of all CVEs by exploit prediction. GitHub Security Advisory data not yet ingested — confidence will rise once GHSA publishes (typical lag: hours to days for open-source ecosystem CVEs; never for infrastructure-only CVEs).

Triggered by: NVD CVSS baseline
Sources: epss, nvd
9.1
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixSerious severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet.
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS: 0%CVSS: 9.1Exploit: NoneExposed: 0

No vendor fix yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for a patch.

jwe is a Ruby implementation of the RFC 7516 JSON Web Encryption (JWE) standard. In versions 1.1.0 and below, authentication tags of encrypted JWEs can be brute forced, which may result in loss of confidentiality for those JWEs and provide ways to craft arbitrary JWEs. This puts users at risk because JWEs can be modified to decrypt to an arbitrary value, decrypted by observing parsing differences and the GCM internal GHASH key can be recovered. Users are affected by this vulnerability even if they do not use an AES-GCM encryption algorithm for their JWEs. As the GHASH key may have been leaked, users must rotate the encryption keys after upgrading. This issue is fixed in version 1.1.1.

CVSS v3
9.1
EG Score
9.1(medium)
EG Risk
—
EPSS
15.7%
KEV
Not listed

Published

August 8, 2025

Last Modified

April 15, 2026

Advisory Details (2)

Auto-updated May 21, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github.
github Patch Available

Missing AES-GCM authentication tag validation in encrypted JWE · Advisory · jwt/ruby-jwe · GitHub

https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwe/security/advisories/GHSA-c7p4-hx26-pr73
generic

Merge commit from fork · jwt/ruby-jwe@1e719d7 · GitHub

https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwe/commit/1e719d79ba3d7aadaa39a2f08c25df077a0f9ff1

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
RubyGems(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
jwe0.1.0 ... 1.1.0 (8 versions)1.1.1—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 7× in last 7d / 41× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 116 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-07-22 14:08 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-07-22 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-07-21 15:24 UTCEPSS rescore
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  18. 2026-07-10 08:28 UTCOSV refresh
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  1. 2026-07-05 02:30 UTCEPSS rescore
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  18. 2026-06-21 19:12 UTCOSV refresh
  19. 2026-06-21 14:56 UTCEPSS rescore
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  21. 2026-06-21 01:59 UTCEPSS rescore
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  23. 2026-06-19 19:25 UTCEPSS rescore
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  25. 2026-06-18 17:52 UTCEPSS rescore
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  40. 2026-06-08 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
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  44. 2026-06-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
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  48. 2026-06-05 06:10 UTCEPSS rescore
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  50. 2026-06-04 13:12 UTCEPSS rescore
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  52. 2026-06-02 21:10 UTCOSV refresh
  53. 2026-06-02 20:12 UTCEPSS rescore
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  55. 2026-06-01 13:51 UTCEPSS rescore
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Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-54887?
CVE-2025-54887 is a critical vulnerability published on August 8, 2025. jwe is a Ruby implementation of the RFC 7516 JSON Web Encryption (JWE) standard. In versions 1.1.0 and below, authentication tags of encrypted JWEs can be brute forced, which may result in loss of confidentiality for those JWEs and provide ways to craft arbitrary JWEs. This puts users at risk…
When was CVE-2025-54887 disclosed?
CVE-2025-54887 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on August 8, 2025, with the most recent update on April 15, 2026. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2025-54887 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-54887 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 15.7% percentile likelihood of exploitation in the next 30 days — higher percentiles indicate greater predicted risk.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-54887?
CVE-2025-54887 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.1 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-54887?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2025-54887, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

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