CVE-2025-53888

CRITICALNVD 9.89.8
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

This critical-severity CVE scores 9.8 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.9% (58th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from NVD CVSS v3
Sources: EPSS, NVD CVSS v3

Also known asEUVD-2025-21893 (ENISA EUVD)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan mitigationNo release containing the referenced fix is confirmed: check the referenced fix and the vendor's advisory for a release that contains it; until one is applied, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation on your normal schedule at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.9%CVSS: 9.8Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is referenced (a reference tagged "Patch", often a source commit), but no release containing it is confirmed — find the release that contains it; until it is applied, mitigate (WAF / firewall / segmentation).

RIOT-OS, an operating system that supports Internet of Things devices, has an ineffective size check implemented with assert() can lead to buffer overflow in versions up to and including 2025.04. Assertions are usually compiled out in production builds. If assertions are the only defense against untrusted inputs, the software may be exposed to attacks that utilize the lack of proper input checks. In the l2filter_add() function shown below, addr_len is checked using an assertion and is subsequently used as an argument in a memcpy() call. When assertions are disabled, there would be no size check for addr_len. As a consequence, if an attacker were to provide an addr_len value larger than CONFIG_L2FILTER_ADDR_MAXLEN, they can trigger a buffer overflow and write past the list[i].addr buffer. If the unchecked input is attacker-controlled, the impact of the buffer overflow can range from a denial of service to arbitrary code execution. Commit f6f7de4ccc107c018630e4c15500825caf02e1c2 contains a patch for the vulnerability.

CVSS v3
9.8
EG Score
9.8CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
59
EG Risk 59/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity98% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.9% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is referenced, but no release containing it is confirmed. Check the referenced fix and the vendor's advisory for a release that contains it; until one is applied, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation on your normal schedule at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
0.9%
EPSS %ILE
58th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
9.8 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.NVD CVSS v3 · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
EG Likelihood
0.9% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-02). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.No released fix is confirmed on this page, but CISA's timeline does not wait for a fix's release: it starts when an agency identifies the flaw on an asset and updates the CDM Agency and Federal Dashboard, and the directive counts patching, decommissioning the system or another action as remediation. Until a fixed release is applied, mitigate as this page's verdict says.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is referenced, but no release containing it is confirmed. Check the referenced fix and the vendor's advisory for a release that contains it; until one is applied, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation on your normal schedule at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.

No released fix is confirmed on this page, but CISA's timeline does not wait for a fix's release: it starts when an agency identifies the flaw on an asset and updates the CDM Agency and Federal Dashboard, and the directive counts patching, decommissioning the system or another action as remediation. Until a fixed release is applied, mitigate as this page's verdict says.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

July 18, 2025

Last Modified

September 11, 2025

Advisory Details (3)

Auto-updated Oct 9, 2026
Fix referenced — no release confirmed yet. Sources: github_commit, github.
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

Ineffective size check leads to buffer overflow in link layer address filter /sys/net/link_layer/l2filter/l2filter.c · Advisory · RIOT-OS/RIOT · GitHub

https://github.com/RIOT-OS/RIOT/security/advisories/GHSA-7972-w7f9-3j9m
GitHub commit

commit f6f7de4ccc10 (RIOT-OS/RIOT)

Fix landed in RIOT-OS/RIOT commit f6f7de4ccc10 — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/RIOT-OS/RIOT/commit/f6f7de4ccc107c018630e4c15500825caf02e1c2
Web page

RIOT/sys/net/link_layer/l2filter/l2filter.c at 2025.04 · RIOT-OS/RIOT · GitHub

https://github.com/RIOT-OS/RIOT/blob/2025.04/sys/net/link_layer/l2filter/l2filter.c#L47

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 14× in last 7d / 55× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 96 of 217 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 4 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 121 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-02 19:31 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-11-02 16:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  3. 2026-11-01 18:10 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-11-01 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  5. 2026-10-31 16:55 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-10-31 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  7. 2026-10-30 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  8. 2026-10-30 15:24 UTCEG score recompute
  9. 2026-10-29 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  10. 2026-10-29 14:09 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-28 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  12. 2026-10-28 12:53 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-10-27 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  14. 2026-10-27 11:38 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-26 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  16. 2026-10-26 10:23 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-10-25 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  18. 2026-10-25 16:19 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-25 09:08 UTCEG score recompute
  20. 2026-10-24 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  21. 2026-10-24 07:52 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-10-23 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  23. 2026-10-23 06:37 UTCEG score recompute
  24. 2026-10-22 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  25. 2026-10-22 05:18 UTCEG score recompute
Show 71 more
  1. 2026-10-21 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  2. 2026-10-21 04:00 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-10-20 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 57th percentile
  4. 2026-10-20 02:44 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 57th percentile
  6. 2026-10-19 01:29 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-18 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 55th percentile
  8. 2026-10-18 05:26 UTCEG score recompute
  9. 2026-10-18 00:13 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 55th percentile
  11. 2026-10-16 22:54 UTCEG score recompute
  12. 2026-10-16 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 55th percentile
  13. 2026-10-15 19:57 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-15 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 55th percentile
  15. 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 55th percentile
  16. 2026-10-14 13:53 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-10-13 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 55th percentile
  18. 2026-10-12 16:57 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 55th percentile
  20. 2026-10-11 20:31 UTCEG score recompute
  21. 2026-10-11 18:42 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-10-11 15:18 UTCEG score recompute
  23. 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 55th percentile
  24. 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 55th percentile
  25. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 55th percentile
  26. 2026-10-08 17:10 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 55th percentile
  27. 2026-10-07 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  28. 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  29. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  30. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  31. 2026-10-03 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  32. 2026-10-02 09:11 UTCOSV refresh
  33. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  34. 2026-09-30 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  35. 2026-09-28 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  36. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  37. 2026-09-26 00:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  38. 2026-09-24 14:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  39. 2026-09-23 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  40. 2026-09-21 21:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  41. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  42. 2026-09-19 15:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  43. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  44. 2026-09-17 19:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  45. 2026-09-16 14:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  46. 2026-09-16 05:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  47. 2026-09-13 16:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  48. 2026-09-13 07:24 UTCOSV refresh
  49. 2026-09-12 15:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  50. 2026-09-11 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  51. 2026-09-11 09:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  52. 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  53. 2026-09-08 21:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  54. 2026-09-07 16:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  55. 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  56. 2026-09-05 15:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 50th percentile
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  58. 2026-09-02 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
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  62. 2026-08-30 01:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 50th percentile
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  64. 2026-08-27 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
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  67. 2026-08-25 07:57 UTCOSV refresh
  68. 2026-08-24 14:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 50th percentile
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  70. 2026-08-23 00:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 50th percentile
  71. 2026-08-21 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 50th percentile

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-53888?
CVE-2025-53888 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on July 18, 2025. RIOT-OS, an operating system that supports Internet of Things devices, has an ineffective size check implemented with assert() can lead to buffer overflow in versions up to and including 2025.04. Assertions are usually compiled out in production builds. If assertions are the only defense against…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2025-53888 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2025-53888 was published on July 18, 2025. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of September 11, 2025; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-53888 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-53888 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.9% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (58th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-53888?
CVE-2025-53888 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-53888?
A fix for CVE-2025-53888 is referenced (a reference tagged "Patch", often a source commit), but EchelonGraph has no release containing it on record. Check that reference and the vendor's advisory for a release that contains the fix and update to it; until then, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation.

Dependency Blast Radius

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