CVE-2025-52691

CRITICALNVD 10.010.0—
EchelonGraph scoreHIGH confidence

Score elevated to 10.0 because this CVE is listed on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog (added 2026-01-26), indicating real-world exploitation has been confirmed by US federal agencies. NVD baseline CVSS 10.0 retained for reference. Confidence: HIGH.

Triggered by: CISA KEV (actively exploited)
Sources: cisa_kev, epss, ghsa, nvd
Trending — 4 sources updated this weekExploited in the wild
10.0EG
EchelonGraph verdictPatch nowTreat as an emergency — this is being exploited.
  • Actively exploited in the wild (CISA-KEV)
CISA-KEV: ExploitedEPSS PROB: 85%CVSS: 10.0Exploit: cisa kev · ssvc active · kev ransomware · Metasploit · epss top5pct · epss high · public exploitExposed: 0

No vendor fix yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for a patch.

Successful exploitation of the vulnerability could allow an unauthenticated attacker to upload arbitrary files to any location on the mail server, potentially enabling remote code execution.

CVSS v3
10.0
EG Score
10.0(high)
EG Risk
100(Act)
EG Risk 100/100SSVC: Act

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity100% × 45%
Exploitation100% × 40%
Automatability100% × 15%
Action: Fix now — active exploitation, automatable, high impact.
EPSS PROB
85%
EPSS %ILE
100%
KEV
⚠ Exploited

Published

December 29, 2025

Last Modified

January 27, 2026

Advisory Details (3)

Auto-updated Jul 25, 2026
⚠️ Active exploitation confirmed. Patch available. Sources: cisa.
cisa Patch Available🔴 Active Exploitation

Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog | CISA

Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog | CISA. Listed in CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.

https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-52691
generic

GitHub - watchtowrlabs/watchTowr-vs-SmarterMail-CVE-2025-52691 at labs.watchtowr.com · GitHub

https://github.com/watchtowrlabs/watchTowr-vs-SmarterMail-CVE-2025-52691?ref=labs.watchtowr.com
generic

Vulnerability in SmarterTools Software | Cyber Security Agency of Singapore

https://www.csa.gov.sg/alerts-and-advisories/alerts/al-2025-124/

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 36× in last 7d / 187× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 389 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-07-28 08:46 UTCGHSA enrichment
  2. 2026-07-28 04:31 UTCGHSA enrichment
  3. 2026-07-28 00:17 UTCGHSA enrichment
  4. 2026-07-27 20:03 UTCGHSA enrichment
  5. 2026-07-27 19:24 UTCCISA KEV update
  6. 2026-07-27 17:17 UTCCISA KEV update
  7. 2026-07-27 15:50 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-07-27 15:49 UTCGHSA enrichment
  9. 2026-07-27 11:35 UTCGHSA enrichment
  10. 2026-07-27 07:21 UTCGHSA enrichment
  11. 2026-07-27 03:08 UTCGHSA enrichment
  12. 2026-07-26 22:53 UTCGHSA enrichment
  13. 2026-07-26 18:39 UTCGHSA enrichment
  14. 2026-07-26 14:25 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-07-26 14:25 UTCGHSA enrichment
  16. 2026-07-26 10:11 UTCGHSA enrichment
  17. 2026-07-26 05:55 UTCGHSA enrichment
  18. 2026-07-26 01:40 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-07-26 01:40 UTCGHSA enrichment
  20. 2026-07-24 14:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-07-23 02:58 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-07-22 20:35 UTCGHSA enrichment
  23. 2026-07-22 19:40 UTCCISA KEV update
  24. 2026-07-22 16:20 UTCEG score recompute
  25. 2026-07-22 16:20 UTCGHSA enrichment
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-07-22 14:08 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-07-22 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-07-22 12:06 UTCGHSA enrichment
  4. 2026-07-22 07:52 UTCGHSA enrichment
  5. 2026-07-22 03:39 UTCGHSA enrichment
  6. 2026-07-21 23:24 UTCGHSA enrichment
  7. 2026-07-21 19:09 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-07-21 19:09 UTCGHSA enrichment
  9. 2026-07-21 15:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-07-21 14:55 UTCGHSA enrichment
  11. 2026-07-21 14:37 UTCCISA KEV update
  12. 2026-07-21 10:41 UTCGHSA enrichment
  13. 2026-07-21 06:25 UTCGHSA enrichment
  14. 2026-07-21 02:12 UTCGHSA enrichment
  15. 2026-07-20 21:58 UTCGHSA enrichment
  16. 2026-07-20 17:45 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-07-20 17:45 UTCGHSA enrichment
  18. 2026-07-20 17:08 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-07-20 13:31 UTCGHSA enrichment
  20. 2026-07-20 09:17 UTCGHSA enrichment
  21. 2026-07-20 05:03 UTCGHSA enrichment
  22. 2026-07-20 00:49 UTCGHSA enrichment
  23. 2026-07-19 20:36 UTCGHSA enrichment
  24. 2026-07-19 16:22 UTCGHSA enrichment
  25. 2026-07-19 12:08 UTCGHSA enrichment
  26. 2026-07-19 07:55 UTCGHSA enrichment
  27. 2026-07-19 03:40 UTCGHSA enrichment
  28. 2026-07-18 23:26 UTCGHSA enrichment
  29. 2026-07-18 19:11 UTCGHSA enrichment
  30. 2026-07-18 14:58 UTCGHSA enrichment
  31. 2026-07-18 10:44 UTCGHSA enrichment
  32. 2026-07-18 06:30 UTCGHSA enrichment
  33. 2026-07-18 02:16 UTCGHSA enrichment
  34. 2026-07-17 22:02 UTCGHSA enrichment
  35. 2026-07-17 17:48 UTCGHSA enrichment
  36. 2026-07-17 13:34 UTCGHSA enrichment
  37. 2026-07-17 09:20 UTCEG score recompute
  38. 2026-07-17 09:20 UTCGHSA enrichment
  39. 2026-07-17 05:06 UTCGHSA enrichment
  40. 2026-07-17 00:52 UTCGHSA enrichment
  41. 2026-07-16 20:39 UTCGHSA enrichment
  42. 2026-07-16 17:04 UTCCISA KEV update
  43. 2026-07-16 16:25 UTCGHSA enrichment
  44. 2026-07-16 12:12 UTCGHSA enrichment
  45. 2026-07-16 07:58 UTCGHSA enrichment
  46. 2026-07-16 03:44 UTCGHSA enrichment
  47. 2026-07-15 23:30 UTCGHSA enrichment
  48. 2026-07-15 19:16 UTCGHSA enrichment
  49. 2026-07-15 16:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  50. 2026-07-15 16:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  51. 2026-07-15 16:49 UTCCISA KEV update
  52. 2026-07-15 15:04 UTCCISA KEV update
  53. 2026-07-15 15:01 UTCGHSA enrichment
  54. 2026-07-15 10:47 UTCGHSA enrichment
  55. 2026-07-15 06:34 UTCGHSA enrichment
  56. 2026-07-15 02:20 UTCGHSA enrichment
  57. 2026-07-14 22:05 UTCGHSA enrichment
  58. 2026-07-14 18:05 UTCCISA KEV update
  59. 2026-07-14 17:52 UTCGHSA enrichment
  60. 2026-07-14 13:36 UTCGHSA enrichment
  61. 2026-07-14 09:22 UTCGHSA enrichment
  62. 2026-07-14 05:07 UTCGHSA enrichment
  63. 2026-07-14 00:53 UTCGHSA enrichment
  64. 2026-07-13 20:39 UTCGHSA enrichment
  65. 2026-07-13 17:07 UTCCISA KEV update
  66. 2026-07-13 16:25 UTCGHSA enrichment
  67. 2026-07-13 12:10 UTCGHSA enrichment
  68. 2026-07-13 07:57 UTCGHSA enrichment
  69. 2026-07-13 06:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  70. 2026-07-13 06:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  71. 2026-07-13 03:43 UTCGHSA enrichment
  72. 2026-07-12 23:29 UTCGHSA enrichment
  73. 2026-07-12 19:16 UTCGHSA enrichment
  74. 2026-07-12 15:02 UTCGHSA enrichment
  75. 2026-07-12 10:48 UTCGHSA enrichment

Publicly available exploits

(7 references)

Working exploit code is in the public domain (1 Metasploit module) (5 GitHub PoCs). Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly — public PoCs typically lead to mass-exploitation within 24-72 hours.

  • GitHub PoCrimbadirgantara/CVE-2025-52691-poc
    First seen Jan 11, 2026
    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCwatchtowrlabs/watchTowr-vs-SmarterMail-CVE-2025-52691
    First seen Jan 8, 2026
    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCrxerium/CVE-2025-52691
    First seen Dec 30, 2025

    Detection for CVE-2025-52691

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCDeathShotXD/CVE-2025-52691-APT-PoC
    First seen Dec 30, 2025

    An enhanced proof-of-concept exploit for CVE-2025-52691 (SmarterMail Arbitrary File Upload RCE) with APT-level features like stealth obfuscation, persistence, exfiltration, and interactive mode. For educational and authorized testing only. Credits to the original PoC by yt2w/CVE-2025-52691.

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCyt2w/CVE-2025-52691
    First seen Dec 29, 2025
    Open source ↗
  • Metasploitexploit/multi/http/smartermail_guid_file_upload✓ verified
    First seen Oct 9, 2025

    SmarterTools SmarterMail GUID File Upload Vulnerability

    Open source ↗
  • Nucleihttp/cves/2025/CVE-2025-52691.yaml
    First seen Jan 1, 2025

    SmarterMail - Unrestricted File Upload

    Open source ↗

Related CVEs(same CWE)

Frequently asked(6)

What is CVE-2025-52691?
CVE-2025-52691 is a critical vulnerability published on December 29, 2025. Successful exploitation of the vulnerability could allow an unauthenticated attacker to upload arbitrary files to any location on the mail server, potentially enabling remote code execution.
When was CVE-2025-52691 disclosed?
CVE-2025-52691 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on December 29, 2025, with the most recent update on January 27, 2026. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2025-52691 actively exploited?
Yes. CISA added CVE-2025-52691 to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on January 26, 2026, affecting SmarterTools SmarterMail. KEV listing indicates confirmed exploitation in the wild; this CVE warrants immediate patching attention.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-52691?
CVE-2025-52691 has a CVSS v3 base score of 10.0 (NVD).
Which products are affected by CVE-2025-52691?
CVE-2025-52691 affects SmarterTools SmarterMail. The full affected-products list, including version ranges and fixed versions, is shown in the Affected Packages section of this page.
How do I remediate CVE-2025-52691?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2025-52691, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

Dependency Blast Radius

Explore the affected products and dependency analysis for CVE-2025-52691

Explore →

Is Your Infrastructure Affected by CVE-2025-52691?

EchelonGraph automatically scans your cloud infrastructure and maps CVE exposure using blast radius analysis.

Start Free Scan →Browse All CVEs