CVE-2025-48865

CRITICALNVD 9.19.1—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

This critical-severity CVE scores 9.1 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.2%, top 63% of all CVEs by exploit prediction. GitHub Security Advisory data not yet ingested — confidence will rise once GHSA publishes (typical lag: hours to days for open-source ecosystem CVEs; never for infrastructure-only CVEs).

Triggered by: NVD CVSS baseline
Sources: epss, nvd
Elevated
9.1
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixSerious severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet.
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS: 1%CVSS: 9.1Exploit: NoneExposed: 0

No vendor fix yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for a patch.

Fabio is an HTTP(S) and TCP router for deploying applications managed by consul. Prior to version 1.6.6, Fabio allows clients to remove X-Forwarded headers (except X-Forwarded-For) due to a vulnerability in how it processes hop-by-hop headers. Fabio adds HTTP headers like X-Forwarded-Host and X-Forwarded-Port when routing requests to backend applications. Since the receiving application should trust these headers, allowing HTTP clients to remove or modify them creates potential security vulnerabilities. Some of these custom headers can be removed and, in certain cases, manipulated. The attack relies on the behavior that headers can be defined as hop-by-hop via the HTTP Connection header. This issue has been patched in version 1.6.6.

CVSS v3
9.1
EG Score
9.1(medium)
EPSS
40.5%
KEV
Not listed

Published

May 30, 2025

Last Modified

June 4, 2025

Advisory Details (3)

Auto-updated Jul 20, 2026
🔬 Proof of concept available. Patch available. Sources: github_commit, github_release, github.
github Patch Available🟡 PoC Available

HTTP clients can manipulate custom headers added by Fabio · Advisory · fabiolb/fabio · GitHub

https://github.com/fabiolb/fabio/security/advisories/GHSA-q7p4-7xjv-j3wf
github_release Patch Available

v1.6.6

Patch available: fabiolb/fabio v1.6.6

https://github.com/fabiolb/fabio/releases/tag/v1.6.6
github_commit

commit fdaf1e966162 (fabiolb/fabio)

Fix landed in fabiolb/fabio commit fdaf1e966162 — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/fabiolb/fabio/commit/fdaf1e966162e9dd3b347ffdd0647b39dc71a1a3

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
Go(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
github.com/fabiolb/fabio—1.6.6—

Weakness Classification(2)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 11× in last 7d / 49× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

  1. 2026-07-22 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
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  3. 2026-07-21 15:24 UTCEPSS rescore
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  1. 2026-07-07 00:21 UTCOSV refresh
  2. 2026-07-06 16:27 UTCEPSS rescore
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  18. 2026-06-27 03:08 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-06-25 13:49 UTCEPSS rescore
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  21. 2026-06-24 14:04 UTCEPSS rescore
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  23. 2026-06-23 21:32 UTCEPSS rescore
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  25. 2026-06-22 14:25 UTCEPSS rescore
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  27. 2026-06-21 14:56 UTCEPSS rescore
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  31. 2026-06-19 19:25 UTCEPSS rescore
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  35. 2026-06-18 11:13 UTCOSV refresh
  36. 2026-06-17 17:52 UTCEPSS rescore
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  40. 2026-06-15 17:48 UTCEPSS rescore
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  46. 2026-06-10 22:18 UTCEPSS rescore
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  48. 2026-06-10 13:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  49. 2026-06-08 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  50. 2026-06-08 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  51. 2026-06-07 15:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  52. 2026-06-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
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  54. 2026-06-05 22:46 UTCEPSS rescore
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  67. 2026-05-31 00:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  68. 2026-05-30 04:31 UTCEG score recompute
  69. 2026-05-29 13:44 UTCEPSS rescore

Related CVEs(same CWE)

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-48865?
CVE-2025-48865 is a critical vulnerability published on May 30, 2025. Fabio is an HTTP(S) and TCP router for deploying applications managed by consul. Prior to version 1.6.6, Fabio allows clients to remove X-Forwarded headers (except X-Forwarded-For) due to a vulnerability in how it processes hop-by-hop headers. Fabio adds HTTP headers like X-Forwarded-Host and…
When was CVE-2025-48865 disclosed?
CVE-2025-48865 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on May 30, 2025, with the most recent update on June 4, 2025. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2025-48865 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-48865 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 40.5% percentile likelihood of exploitation in the next 30 days — higher percentiles indicate greater predicted risk.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-48865?
CVE-2025-48865 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.1 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-48865?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2025-48865, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

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