CVE-2025-48057

CRITICALNVD 9.89.8
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

This critical-severity CVE scores 9.8 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.5% (40th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from NVD CVSS v3
Sources: EPSS, NVD CVSS v3

Also known asEUVD-2025-28141 (ENISA EUVD)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.5%CVSS: 9.8Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

Icinga 2 is a monitoring system which checks the availability of network resources, notifies users of outages, and generates performance data for reporting. Prior to versions 2.12.12, 2.13.12, and 2.14.6, the VerifyCertificate() function can be tricked into incorrectly treating certificates as valid. This allows an attacker to send a malicious certificate request that is then treated as a renewal of an already existing certificate, resulting in the attacker obtaining a valid certificate that can be used to impersonate trusted nodes. This only occurs when Icinga 2 is built with OpenSSL older than version 1.1.0. This issue has been patched in versions 2.12.12, 2.13.12, and 2.14.6.

CVSS v3
9.8
EG Score
9.8CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
59
EG Risk 59/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity98% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.5% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
0.5%
EPSS %ILE
40th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
9.8 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.NVD CVSS v3 · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
EG Likelihood
0.5% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-31). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

May 27, 2025

Last Modified

December 5, 2025

Advisory Details (6)

Auto-updated Oct 9, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github_commit, github.
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

Certificate renewal might incorrectly renew an invalid certificate · Advisory · Icinga/icinga2 · GitHub

https://github.com/Icinga/icinga2/security/advisories/GHSA-7vcf-f5v9-3wr6
GitHub commit Patch Available

commit 9b2c05d0cc09 (Icinga/icinga2)

Patch available: Icinga/icinga2 v2.12.12 (contains commit 9b2c05d0cc09)

https://github.com/Icinga/icinga2/commit/9b2c05d0cc09210bdeade77cf9a73859250fc48d
GitHub commit Patch Available

commit 9ad5683aab9e (Icinga/icinga2)

Patch available: Icinga/icinga2 v2.14.6 (contains commit 9ad5683aab9e)

https://github.com/Icinga/icinga2/commit/9ad5683aab9eb392c6737ff46c830a945c9e240f
GitHub commit Patch Available

commit 60f75f4a3d5c (Icinga/icinga2)

Patch available: Icinga/icinga2 v2.13.12 (contains commit 60f75f4a3d5c)

https://github.com/Icinga/icinga2/commit/60f75f4a3d5cbb234eb3694ba7e9076a1a5b8776
GitHub commit Patch Available

commit 4023128be42b (Icinga/icinga2)

Patch available: Icinga/icinga2 v2.15.0 (contains commit 4023128be42b)

https://github.com/Icinga/icinga2/commit/4023128be42b18a011dda71ddee9ca79955b89cb
GitHub commit Patch Available

commit 34c93a2542bb (Icinga/icinga2)

Patch available: Icinga/icinga2 v2.12.12 (contains commit 34c93a2542bb)

https://github.com/Icinga/icinga2/commit/34c93a2542bbe4e9886d15bc17ec929ead1aa152

Affected Packages

(4 across 4 ecosystems)
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
icinga22.12.3-1 ... 2.16.4-1 (42 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
icinga22.13.6-2 ... 2.16.5-1 (32 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
icinga2—
  • every version up to 2.14.6-1: fixed in 2.14.6-1
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
icinga2—
  • every version up to 2.14.6-1: fixed in 2.14.6-1
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 13× in last 7d / 54× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 95 of 217 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 5 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 122 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-01 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  2. 2026-11-01 14:24 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-10-31 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  4. 2026-10-31 14:50 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-30 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  6. 2026-10-30 15:15 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-29 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  8. 2026-10-29 15:40 UTCEG score recompute
  9. 2026-10-28 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  10. 2026-10-28 15:53 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-27 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  12. 2026-10-26 16:35 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-10-26 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  14. 2026-10-25 16:46 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-25 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  16. 2026-10-25 16:22 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-10-24 17:11 UTCEG score recompute
  18. 2026-10-24 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  19. 2026-10-23 17:36 UTCEG score recompute
  20. 2026-10-23 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  21. 2026-10-22 18:01 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-10-22 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  23. 2026-10-21 18:18 UTCEG score recompute
  24. 2026-10-21 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  25. 2026-10-20 18:43 UTCEG score recompute
Show 70 more
  1. 2026-10-20 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  2. 2026-10-19 19:07 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  4. 2026-10-18 19:29 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-18 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  6. 2026-10-18 05:30 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-17 19:53 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  9. 2026-10-16 20:17 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-10-16 16:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  11. 2026-10-15 17:44 UTCEG score recompute
  12. 2026-10-15 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  13. 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  14. 2026-10-14 11:38 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-13 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  16. 2026-10-12 17:01 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-10-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  18. 2026-10-11 20:35 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-11 18:46 UTCEG score recompute
  20. 2026-10-11 15:22 UTCEG score recompute
  21. 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  22. 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  23. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  24. 2026-10-08 17:10 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  25. 2026-10-07 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  26. 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  27. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  28. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  29. 2026-10-03 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  30. 2026-10-02 13:10 UTCOSV refresh
  31. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  32. 2026-09-30 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  33. 2026-09-28 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  34. 2026-09-27 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  35. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  36. 2026-09-26 00:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  37. 2026-09-24 14:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  38. 2026-09-23 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  39. 2026-09-21 21:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  40. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  41. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  42. 2026-09-17 19:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  43. 2026-09-16 14:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  44. 2026-09-15 03:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  45. 2026-09-13 11:24 UTCOSV refresh
  46. 2026-09-12 15:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  47. 2026-09-11 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  48. 2026-09-11 09:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  49. 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  50. 2026-09-08 21:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  51. 2026-09-07 16:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  52. 2026-09-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  53. 2026-09-05 15:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  54. 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  55. 2026-09-02 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  56. 2026-09-01 13:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  57. 2026-09-01 04:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  58. 2026-08-30 19:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  59. 2026-08-30 01:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  60. 2026-08-28 21:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  61. 2026-08-27 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  62. 2026-08-26 14:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  63. 2026-08-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  64. 2026-08-25 12:11 UTCOSV refresh
  65. 2026-08-24 14:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  66. 2026-08-24 09:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  67. 2026-08-23 00:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  68. 2026-08-21 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  69. 2026-08-20 22:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  70. 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-48057?
CVE-2025-48057 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on May 27, 2025. Icinga 2 is a monitoring system which checks the availability of network resources, notifies users of outages, and generates performance data for reporting. Prior to versions 2.12.12, 2.13.12, and 2.14.6, the VerifyCertificate() function can be tricked into incorrectly treating certificates as…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2025-48057 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2025-48057 was published on May 27, 2025. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of December 5, 2025; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-48057 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-48057 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.5% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (40th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-48057?
CVE-2025-48057 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-48057?
A fix for CVE-2025-48057 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory.

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