CVE-2025-45691

HIGHPre-NVD 7.57.5—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

This high-severity CVE scores 7.5 under CISA-ADP (Vulnrichment) CVSS v3.1 (NVD's own analysis pending). EPSS exploit probability: 0.5%, top 58% of all CVEs by exploit prediction. GitHub Security Advisory data not yet ingested — confidence will rise once GHSA publishes (typical lag: hours to days for open-source ecosystem CVEs; never for infrastructure-only CVEs).

Triggered by: NVD CVSS baseline
Sources: cisa-adp, epss
Trending — 3 sources updated this week
7.5
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixSerious severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet.
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS: 1%CVSS: 7.5Exploit: NoneExposed: 0

No vendor fix yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for a patch.

An Arbitrary File Read vulnerability exists in the ImageTextPromptValue class in Exploding Gradients RAGAS v0.2.3 to v0.2.14. The vulnerability stems from improper validation and sanitization of URLs supplied in the retrieved_contexts parameter when handling multimodal inputs.

CVSS v3
7.5
EG Score
7.5(medium)
EG Risk
49(Track)
EG Risk 49/100SSVC: Track

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity75% × 45%
Exploitation1% × 40%
Automatability100% × 15%
Action: Routine — remediate on your standard cadence.
EPSS
41.8%
KEV
Not listed

Published

March 5, 2026

Last Modified

July 15, 2026

Advisory Details (7)

Auto-updated Jul 1, 2026
Patch available. Sources: redhat, github_pr.
redhat
https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-45691.json
redhat

2444875 – (CVE-2025-45691) CVE-2025-45691 ragas: arbitrary file read via improper URL validation in multimodal inputs

https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2444875
redhat Patch Available

cve-details

https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-45691
github_pr Patch Available

CVE-2025-45691 Fix: Arbitrary File Read Vulnerability + Feat: Security settings

Patch available: vibrantlabsai/ragas v0.3.0-rc1 (PR #1991 merged 2025-05-05)

https://github.com/vibrantlabsai/ragas/pull/1991
github_pr Patch Available

Feat: add multimodal eval support

Patch available: explodinggradients/ragas v0.2.8 (PR #1559 merged 2024-10-25)

https://github.com/explodinggradients/ragas/pull/1559
generic

ragas/src/ragas/prompt/multi_modal_prompt.py at e97886ac976465efb60e5949c5d69baf30cc811d · vibrantlabsai/ragas · GitHub

https://github.com/explodinggradients/ragas/blob/e97886ac976465efb60e5949c5d69baf30cc811d/src/ragas/prompt/multi_modal_prompt.py#L202
generic

RAGAS v.0.2.14 Arbitrary File Read Vulnerability

https://adithyanak.com/ragas-v0214-arbitrary-file-read-vulnerability

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
PyPI(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
ragas0.2.10 ... 0.2.9 (13 versions)0.3.0-rc1—

Weakness Classification(2)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 12× in last 7d / 40× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

  1. 2026-07-23 14:18 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-07-23 02:56 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-07-22 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-07-22 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-07-21 15:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-07-20 17:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-07-19 14:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-07-19 14:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-07-19 02:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-07-19 02:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-07-18 10:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-07-18 06:59 UTCOSV refresh
  13. 2026-07-16 17:02 UTCEPSS rescore
  14. 2026-07-16 17:02 UTCEPSS rescore
  15. 2026-07-15 16:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  16. 2026-07-15 16:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-07-15 01:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-07-15 01:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-07-13 22:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  20. 2026-07-13 22:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-07-13 06:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-07-12 05:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-07-11 08:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-07-11 08:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-07-09 19:09 UTCEPSS rescore
Show 15 more
  1. 2026-07-09 19:09 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-07-08 15:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-07-07 13:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-07-06 16:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-07-06 16:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-07-06 02:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-07-06 02:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-07-05 02:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-07-04 06:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-07-02 17:01 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-07-01 15:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-06-30 23:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-06-30 23:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  14. 2026-06-30 04:40 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-06-30 04:31 UTCNVD updatefirst tracked

Related CVEs(same CWE)

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-45691?
CVE-2025-45691 is a high vulnerability published on March 5, 2026. An Arbitrary File Read vulnerability exists in the ImageTextPromptValue class in Exploding Gradients RAGAS v0.2.3 to v0.2.14. The vulnerability stems from improper validation and sanitization of URLs supplied in the retrieved_contexts parameter when handling multimodal inputs.
When was CVE-2025-45691 disclosed?
CVE-2025-45691 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on March 5, 2026, with the most recent update on July 15, 2026. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2025-45691 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-45691 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 41.8% percentile likelihood of exploitation in the next 30 days — higher percentiles indicate greater predicted risk.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-45691?
CVE-2025-45691 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 (CISA-ADP / Vulnrichment enrichment; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-45691?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2025-45691, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

Dependency Blast Radius

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