CVE-2025-39939

HIGHNVD 7.87.8
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 7.8 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: HIGH) published 2025-10-04. NVD baseline CVSS 7.8; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 3 sources updated this week

Also known asEUVD-2025-32386 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-pm9c-rrjm-4v2f (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

7.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.1%CVSS: 7.8Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

iommu/s390: Fix memory corruption when using identity domain

zpci_get_iommu_ctrs() returns counter information to be reported as part of device statistics; these counters are stored as part of the s390_domain. The problem, however, is that the identity domain is not backed by an s390_domain and so the conversion via to_s390_domain() yields a bad address that is zero'd initially and read on-demand later via a sysfs read. These counters aren't necessary for the identity domain; just return NULL in this case.

This issue was discovered via KASAN with reports that look like: BUG: KASAN: global-out-of-bounds in zpci_fmb_enable_device when using the identity domain for a device on s390.

CVSS v3
7.8
EG Score
7.8HIGHmedium confidence
EG Risk
35
EG Risk 35/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity78% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 7.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.1% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.1%
EPSS %ILE
3rd
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (7.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 7.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
7.8 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.1% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-27). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

October 4, 2025

Last Modified

October 19, 2026

Advisory Details (2)

Auto-updated Jul 30, 2026
Patch available.
Web page

iommu/s390: Fix memory corruption when using identity domain - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b3506e9bcc777ed6af2ab631c86a9990ed97b474
Web page

iommu/s390: Fix memory corruption when using identity domain - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/17a58caf3863163c4a84a218a9649be2c8061443

Patch Availability(1)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
linuxKernel @ 6.16.9 (fixes >=6.15.0)—osv

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.12.100-1 ... 6.16~rc7-1~exp1 (67 versions)
  • every version up to 6.16.9-1: fixed in 6.16.9-1
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 9× in last 7d / 42× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 98 of 188 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 2 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 90 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-02 16:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  2. 2026-11-01 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  3. 2026-10-31 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  4. 2026-10-30 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  5. 2026-10-29 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  6. 2026-10-28 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  7. 2026-10-27 18:21 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-27 18:21 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-pm9c-rrjm-4v2f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  9. 2026-10-27 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  10. 2026-10-26 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  11. 2026-10-25 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  12. 2026-10-25 16:28 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-10-24 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  14. 2026-10-23 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  15. 2026-10-22 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  16. 2026-10-21 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  17. 2026-10-20 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  18. 2026-10-19 21:28 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-19 21:28 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-pm9c-rrjm-4v2f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  20. 2026-10-19 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  21. 2026-10-18 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  22. 2026-10-18 05:35 UTCEG score recompute
  23. 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  24. 2026-10-16 16:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  25. 2026-10-15 22:50 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-pm9c-rrjm-4v2f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
Show 73 more
  1. 2026-10-15 22:11 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-10-15 22:11 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-pm9c-rrjm-4v2f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  3. 2026-10-15 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  4. 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  5. 2026-10-13 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  6. 2026-10-12 17:06 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-11 20:39 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-11 18:50 UTCEG score recompute
  9. 2026-10-11 15:27 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  11. 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  12. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  13. 2026-10-08 17:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  14. 2026-10-07 23:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  15. 2026-10-06 15:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  16. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  17. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  18. 2026-10-03 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  19. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  20. 2026-09-30 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  21. 2026-09-28 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  22. 2026-09-27 02:11 UTCOSV refresh
  23. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  24. 2026-09-26 00:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  25. 2026-09-24 14:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  26. 2026-09-23 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 4th percentile
  27. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 4th percentile
  28. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 4th percentile
  29. 2026-09-17 19:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 4th percentile
  30. 2026-09-16 14:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 4th percentile
  31. 2026-09-16 05:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 4th percentile
  32. 2026-09-13 16:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 4th percentile
  33. 2026-09-12 15:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  34. 2026-09-11 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  35. 2026-09-11 09:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  36. 2026-09-10 09:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 4th percentile
  37. 2026-09-08 21:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  38. 2026-09-07 16:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  39. 2026-09-07 11:17 UTCOSV refresh
  40. 2026-09-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  41. 2026-09-02 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  42. 2026-09-01 13:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  43. 2026-09-01 04:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  44. 2026-08-30 19:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  45. 2026-08-30 01:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  46. 2026-08-28 21:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  47. 2026-08-27 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  48. 2026-08-26 14:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  49. 2026-08-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  50. 2026-08-21 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  51. 2026-08-20 22:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  52. 2026-08-20 20:31 UTCOSV refresh
  53. 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  54. 2026-08-17 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  55. 2026-08-16 14:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  56. 2026-08-16 02:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  57. 2026-08-15 01:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  58. 2026-08-13 21:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  59. 2026-08-12 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  60. 2026-08-09 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  61. 2026-08-08 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  62. 2026-08-07 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  63. 2026-08-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  64. 2026-08-05 12:56 UTCEG score recompute
  65. 2026-08-05 12:55 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-pm9c-rrjm-4v2f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  66. 2026-08-04 15:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  67. 2026-08-04 10:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  68. 2026-08-03 10:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  69. 2026-08-02 02:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  70. 2026-08-01 04:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  71. 2026-07-30 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  72. 2026-07-30 06:49 UTCEG score recompute
  73. 2026-07-30 06:49 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-pm9c-rrjm-4v2f · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-39939?
CVE-2025-39939 is a high-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on October 4, 2025. In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: iommu/s390: Fix memory corruption when using identity domain zpci_get_iommu_ctrs() returns counter information to be reported as part of device statistics; these counters are stored as part of the s390_domain. The problem, however,…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2025-39939 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2025-39939 was published on October 4, 2025. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 19, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-39939 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-39939 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.1% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (3rd percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-39939?
CVE-2025-39939 has a CVSS v3 base score of 7.8 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-39939?
A fix for CVE-2025-39939 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory.

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