CVE-2025-37961

MEDIUMNVD 5.55.5
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 5.5 from GitHub Security Advisory published 2025-05-20. NVD baseline CVSS 5.5; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3

Also known asEUVD-2025-15904 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-9xjw-h43f-4f9m (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

5.5EG
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.2%CVSS: 5.5Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

ipvs: fix uninit-value for saddr in do_output_route4

syzbot reports for uninit-value for the saddr argument [1]. commit 4754957f04f5 ("ipvs: do not use random local source address for tunnels") already implies that the input value of saddr should be ignored but the code is still reading it which can prevent to connect the route. Fix it by changing the argument to ret_saddr.

[1] BUG: KMSAN: uninit-value in do_output_route4+0x42c/0x4d0 net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_xmit.c:147 do_output_route4+0x42c/0x4d0 net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_xmit.c:147 __ip_vs_get_out_rt+0x403/0x21d0 net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_xmit.c:330 ip_vs_tunnel_xmit+0x205/0x2380 net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_xmit.c:1136 ip_vs_in_hook+0x1aa5/0x35b0 net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_core.c:2063 nf_hook_entry_hookfn include/linux/netfilter.h:154 [inline] nf_hook_slow+0xf7/0x400 net/netfilter/core.c:626 nf_hook include/linux/netfilter.h:269 [inline] __ip_local_out+0x758/0x7e0 net/ipv4/ip_output.c:118 ip_local_out net/ipv4/ip_output.c:127 [inline] ip_send_skb+0x6a/0x3c0 net/ipv4/ip_output.c:1501 udp_send_skb+0xfda/0x1b70 net/ipv4/udp.c:1195 udp_sendmsg+0x2fe3/0x33c0 net/ipv4/udp.c:1483 inet_sendmsg+0x1fc/0x280 net/ipv4/af_inet.c:851 sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:712 [inline] __sock_sendmsg+0x267/0x380 net/socket.c:727 ____sys_sendmsg+0x91b/0xda0 net/socket.c:2566 ___sys_sendmsg+0x28d/0x3c0 net/socket.c:2620 __sys_sendmmsg+0x41d/0x880 net/socket.c:2702 __compat_sys_sendmmsg net/compat.c:360 [inline] __do_compat_sys_sendmmsg net/compat.c:367 [inline] __se_compat_sys_sendmmsg net/compat.c:364 [inline] __ia32_compat_sys_sendmmsg+0xc8/0x140 net/compat.c:364 ia32_sys_call+0x3ffa/0x41f0 arch/x86/include/generated/asm/syscalls_32.h:346 do_syscall_32_irqs_on arch/x86/entry/syscall_32.c:83 [inline] __do_fast_syscall_32+0xb0/0x110 arch/x86/entry/syscall_32.c:306 do_fast_syscall_32+0x38/0x80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_32.c:331 do_SYSENTER_32+0x1f/0x30 arch/x86/entry/syscall_32.c:369 entry_SYSENTER_compat_after_hwframe+0x84/0x8e

Uninit was created at: slab_post_alloc_hook mm/slub.c:4167 [inline] slab_alloc_node mm/slub.c:4210 [inline] __kmalloc_cache_noprof+0x8fa/0xe00 mm/slub.c:4367 kmalloc_noprof include/linux/slab.h:905 [inline] ip_vs_dest_dst_alloc net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_xmit.c:61 [inline] __ip_vs_get_out_rt+0x35d/0x21d0 net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_xmit.c:323 ip_vs_tunnel_xmit+0x205/0x2380 net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_xmit.c:1136 ip_vs_in_hook+0x1aa5/0x35b0 net/netfilter/ipvs/ip_vs_core.c:2063 nf_hook_entry_hookfn include/linux/netfilter.h:154 [inline] nf_hook_slow+0xf7/0x400 net/netfilter/core.c:626 nf_hook include/linux/netfilter.h:269 [inline] __ip_local_out+0x758/0x7e0 net/ipv4/ip_output.c:118 ip_local_out net/ipv4/ip_output.c:127 [inline] ip_send_skb+0x6a/0x3c0 net/ipv4/ip_output.c:1501 udp_send_skb+0xfda/0x1b70 net/ipv4/udp.c:1195 udp_sendmsg+0x2fe3/0x33c0 net/ipv4/udp.c:1483 inet_sendmsg+0x1fc/0x280 net/ipv4/af_inet.c:851 sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:712 [inline] __sock_sendmsg+0x267/0x380 net/socket.c:727 ____sys_sendmsg+0x91b/0xda0 net/socket.c:2566 ___sys_sendmsg+0x28d/0x3c0 net/socket.c:2620 __sys_sendmmsg+0x41d/0x880 net/socket.c:2702 __compat_sys_sendmmsg net/compat.c:360 [inline] __do_compat_sys_sendmmsg net/compat.c:367 [inline] __se_compat_sys_sendmmsg net/compat.c:364 [inline] __ia32_compat_sys_sendmmsg+0xc8/0x140 net/compat.c:364 ia32_sys_call+0x3ffa/0x41f0 arch/x86/include/generated/asm/syscalls_32.h:346 do_syscall_32_irqs_on arch/x86/entry/syscall_32.c:83 [inline] __do_fast_syscall_32+0xb0/0x110 arch/x86/entry/syscall_32.c:306 do_fast_syscall_32+0x38/0x80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_32.c:331 do_SYSENTER_32+0x1f/0x30 arch/x86/entry/syscall_32.c:369 entry_SYSENTER_compat_after_hwframe+0x84/0x8e

CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 22408 Comm: syz.4.5165 Not tainted 6.15.0-rc3-syzkaller-00019-gbc3372351d0c #0 PREEMPT(undef) Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engi ---truncated---

CVSS v3
5.5
EG Score
5.5MEDIUMmedium confidence
EG Risk
25
EG Risk 25/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity55% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 5.5 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.2% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's BOD 26-04 default: no one has published Automatable for this CVE, and CISA treats it as “no” for a CVE not in KEV.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (no CISA value, KEV listing or exploit code on record) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). EchelonGraph holds no SSVC assessment of this CVE from CISA: none of these inputs is from Vulnrichment. EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.2%
EPSS %ILE
8th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (5.5): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 5.5 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
5.5 MEDIUMCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.2% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-24). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (no CISA value, KEV listing or exploit code on record) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). EchelonGraph holds no SSVC assessment of this CVE from CISA: none of these inputs is from Vulnrichment. EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). Where an input reads “CISA's BOD 26-04 default”, no one has published it for this CVE, and CISA's implementation guidance says: “If “Automatable” and “Technical Impact” information items about a CVE ID are not available and the CVE ID is not in the KEV Catalog, CISA will treat its values as “no” and “total,” respectively, until CISA or a third party provides metadata about the CVE ID. CISA will always provide the Vulnrichment data for a CVE ID listed in the KEV Catalog.” Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

May 20, 2025

Last Modified

December 16, 2025

References (6)

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2025-37961(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(20)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntulinux-virtual-hwe-24.04-edge (6.14.0-28.28) @ plucky2026-10-23ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-hwe-24.04-edge (6.14.0-28.28~24.04.1) @ noble2026-10-23ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-6.14 (6.14.0-1010.10) @ plucky2026-10-23ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-6.8 (6.8.0-100.100) @ noble2026-10-23ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-gcp-edge (6.8.0-1047.50~22.04.2) @ jammy2026-10-23ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-realtime-hwe-22.04 (6.8.1-1041.42~22.04.1) @ jammy2026-10-23ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-realtime-6.8.1 (6.8.1-1041.42) @ noble2026-10-23ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-gke-64k-6.8 (6.8.0-1043.48) @ noble2026-10-23ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-fips-6.8 (6.8.0-1046.52+fips1) @ noble2026-10-23ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-edge (6.8.0-1051.57~22.04.1) @ jammy2026-10-23ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-fips-6.8 (6.8.0-100.100+fips1) @ noble2026-10-23ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-oracle-lts-24.04 (6.8.0-1043.44) @ noble2026-10-23ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-gcp-fips-6.8 (6.8.0-1047.50+fips1) @ noble2026-10-23ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-lowlatency-hwe-20.04-edge (6.8.0-100.100.1) @ noble2026-10-23ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-nvidia-lowlatency-64k-6.8 (6.8.0-1046.49.1) @ noble2026-10-23ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-ibm-lts-24.04 (6.8.0-1044.44) @ noble2026-10-23ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-lts-24.04 (6.8.0-1046.52) @ noble2026-10-23ubuntu
ubuntulinux-xilinx-zynqmp (6.8.0.1023.24) @ noble2026-10-23ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-hwe-22.04-edge (6.8.0-100.100~22.04.1) @ jammy2026-10-23ubuntu
linuxKernel @ 6.1.139 (fixes >=4.2.0)—osv

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(5 across 4 ecosystems)
Debian:11(2)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux5.10.103-1 ... 7.2~rc5-1~exp1 (496 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
linux-6.16.1.106-3~deb11u1 ... 6.1.137-1~deb11u1 (8 versions)
  • every version up to 6.1.140-1~deb11u1: fixed in 6.1.140-1~deb11u1
—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.1.106-1 ... 6.1.99-1 (40 versions)
  • every version up to 6.1.140-1: fixed in 6.1.140-1
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux—
  • every version up to 6.12.29-1: fixed in 6.12.29-1
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux—
  • every version up to 6.12.29-1: fixed in 6.12.29-1
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Additional Vendor Advisories

(19)

Vendors that published advisories for this CVE beyond the curated set above. Broader coverage but minimal per-row detail — click through for the original advisory.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 7× in last 7d / 39× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 98 of 191 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 2 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 93 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-02 16:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  2. 2026-11-01 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  3. 2026-10-31 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
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  8. 2026-10-26 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  9. 2026-10-25 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  10. 2026-10-25 16:31 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-24 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  12. 2026-10-23 20:55 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-10-23 20:55 UTCVendor advisory
  14. 2026-10-23 20:55 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9xjw-h43f-4f9m · GitHub CVSS 5.5
  15. 2026-10-23 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  16. 2026-10-22 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
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  20. 2026-10-18 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  21. 2026-10-18 05:36 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  23. 2026-10-16 16:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  24. 2026-10-15 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  25. 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
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  1. 2026-10-13 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  2. 2026-10-12 17:08 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-10-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  4. 2026-10-11 20:40 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-11 18:51 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-10-11 15:28 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  8. 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  9. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
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  13. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  14. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  15. 2026-10-03 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  16. 2026-10-02 13:11 UTCOSV refresh
  17. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  18. 2026-09-30 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  19. 2026-09-28 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  20. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
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  22. 2026-09-24 14:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  23. 2026-09-23 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  24. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  25. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
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  28. 2026-09-16 05:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  29. 2026-09-13 16:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  30. 2026-09-13 11:24 UTCOSV refresh
  31. 2026-09-12 15:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  32. 2026-09-11 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
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  40. 2026-09-01 13:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
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  45. 2026-08-27 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  46. 2026-08-26 14:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  47. 2026-08-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  48. 2026-08-25 12:11 UTCOSV refresh
  49. 2026-08-21 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  50. 2026-08-20 22:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  51. 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
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  59. 2026-08-09 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  60. 2026-08-09 04:57 UTCOSV refresh
  61. 2026-08-08 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  62. 2026-08-07 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
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  73. 2026-07-25 14:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile

Related CVEs(same vendor + same CWE)

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-37961?
CVE-2025-37961 is a medium-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on May 20, 2025. In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ipvs: fix uninit-value for saddr in do_output_route4 syzbot reports for uninit-value for the saddr argument [1]. commit 4754957f04f5 ("ipvs: do not use random local source address for tunnels") already implies that the input value…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2025-37961 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2025-37961 was published on May 20, 2025. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of December 16, 2025; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-37961 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-37961 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.2% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (8th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-37961?
CVE-2025-37961 has a CVSS v3 base score of 5.5 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-37961?
A fix for CVE-2025-37961 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2025-37961 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

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Is Your Infrastructure Affected by CVE-2025-37961?

EchelonGraph automatically scans your cloud infrastructure and maps CVE exposure using blast radius analysis.

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