CrushFTP 10 before 10.8.4 and 11 before 11.3.1 allows authentication bypass and takeover of the crushadmin account (unless a DMZ proxy instance is used), as exploited in the wild in March and April 2025, aka "Unauthenticated HTTP(S) port access." A race condition exists in the AWS4-HMAC (compatible with S3) authorization method of the HTTP component of the FTP server. The server first verifies the existence of the user by performing a call to login_user_pass() with no password requirement. This will authenticate the session through the HMAC verification process and up until the server checks for user verification once more. The vulnerability can be further stabilized, eliminating the need for successfully triggering a race condition, by sending a mangled AWS4-HMAC header. By providing only the username and a following slash (/), the server will successfully find a username, which triggers the successful anypass authentication process, but the server will fail to find the expected SignedHeaders entry, resulting in an index-out-of-bounds error that stops the code from reaching the session cleanup. Together, these issues make it trivial to authenticate as any known or guessable user (e.g., crushadmin), and can lead to a full compromise of the system by obtaining an administrative account.
CVE-2025-31161
Score elevated to 9.8 because this CVE is listed on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog (added 2025-04-07), indicating real-world exploitation has been confirmed by US federal agencies. NVD baseline CVSS 9.8 retained for reference. Confidence: HIGH.
- Actively exploited in the wild (CISA-KEV)
No vendor fix yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for a patch.
- CVSS v3
- 9.8
- EG Score
- 9.8(high)
- EPSS
- 100.0%
- KEV
- ⚠ Exploited
Published
April 3, 2025
Last Modified
October 31, 2025
Advisory Details (9)
Auto-updated Jun 1, 2026Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog | CISA
Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog | CISA. Listed in CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.
https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-31161CVE-2025-31161: Mitigate CrushFTP Vulnerability - vsociety
https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-31161-mitigate-crushftp-vulnerabilityCVE-2025-31161: Detect CrushFTP Vulnerability - vsociety
https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-31161-detect-crushftp-vulnerabilityCrushFTP Vulnerability Exploited Following Disclosure Issues - Infosecurity Magazine
https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/crushftp-flaw-exploited-disclosure/CrushFTP CVE-2025-31161 Auth Bypass and Post-Exploitation | Huntress
https://www.huntress.com/blog/crushftp-cve-2025-31161-auth-bypass-and-post-exploitationDisclosure Drama Clouds CrushFTP Vulnerability Exploitation
https://www.darkreading.com/vulnerabilities-threats/disclosure-drama-clouds-crushftp-vulnerability-exploitationCrushFTP Authentication Bypass - CVE-2025-2825 — ProjectDiscovery Blog
https://projectdiscovery.io/blog/crushftp-authentication-bypassCrushFTP auth bypass vulnerability: Disclosure mess & attacks
https://outpost24.com/blog/crushftp-auth-bypass-vulnerability/Crush11wiki: Update
https://crushftp.com/crush11wiki/Wiki.jsp?page=Update#section-Update-VulnerabilityInfoWeakness Classification(1)
MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.
Data Freshness Timeline
(refreshed 45× in last 7d / 196× in last 30d)
Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.
Showing the most recent 100 of 355 total refreshes for this CVE.
- 2026-07-22 19:40 UTCCISA KEV update
- 2026-07-22 19:39 UTCGHSA enrichment
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- 2026-07-21 14:37 UTCCISA KEV update
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- 2026-07-18 20:45 UTCGHSA enrichment
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- 2026-07-17 08:18 UTCEG score recompute
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- 2026-07-16 20:10 UTCGHSA enrichment
- 2026-07-16 17:04 UTCCISA KEV update
- 2026-07-16 16:07 UTCGHSA enrichment
- 2026-07-16 12:02 UTCGHSA enrichment
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- 2026-07-16 03:57 UTCGHSA enrichment
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- 2026-07-15 19:52 UTCGHSA enrichment
- 2026-07-15 16:49 UTCCISA KEV update
- 2026-07-15 15:49 UTCGHSA enrichment
- 2026-07-15 15:04 UTCCISA KEV update
- 2026-07-15 11:46 UTCGHSA enrichment
- 2026-07-15 07:43 UTCGHSA enrichment
- 2026-07-15 03:41 UTCGHSA enrichment
- 2026-07-14 23:38 UTCGHSA enrichment
- 2026-07-14 19:35 UTCGHSA enrichment
- 2026-07-14 18:05 UTCCISA KEV update
- 2026-07-14 15:29 UTCGHSA enrichment
- 2026-07-14 11:25 UTCGHSA enrichment
- 2026-07-14 07:22 UTCGHSA enrichment
- 2026-07-14 03:19 UTCGHSA enrichment
- 2026-07-13 23:17 UTCGHSA enrichment
- 2026-07-13 19:14 UTCGHSA enrichment
- 2026-07-13 17:07 UTCCISA KEV update
- 2026-07-13 15:11 UTCGHSA enrichment
- 2026-07-13 11:08 UTCGHSA enrichment
- 2026-07-13 07:05 UTCGHSA enrichment
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- 2026-07-11 02:23 UTCGHSA enrichment
- 2026-07-10 22:20 UTCGHSA enrichment
- 2026-07-10 18:16 UTCGHSA enrichment
- 2026-07-10 17:52 UTCCISA KEV update
- 2026-07-10 14:13 UTCGHSA enrichment
- 2026-07-10 10:09 UTCGHSA enrichment
- 2026-07-10 06:05 UTCGHSA enrichment
- 2026-07-10 02:01 UTCGHSA enrichment
- 2026-07-09 21:58 UTCGHSA enrichment
- 2026-07-09 19:09 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-07-09 17:55 UTCGHSA enrichment
- 2026-07-09 13:52 UTCGHSA enrichment
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- 2026-07-08 01:23 UTCGHSA enrichment
- 2026-07-07 21:20 UTCGHSA enrichment
- 2026-07-07 19:01 UTCCISA KEV update
Publicly available exploits
(7 references)Working exploit code is in the public domain (5 GitHub PoCs) (1 Exploit-DB entry). Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly — public PoCs typically lead to mass-exploitation within 24-72 hours.
- GitHub PoCf4dee-backup/CVE-2025-31161First seen Sep 10, 2025
PoC CVE-2025-31161 - Authentication Bypass CrushFTP
Open source ↗ - GitHub PoCibrahmsql/CVE-2025-31161First seen Jun 15, 2025
CrushFTP 11.3.1 - Authentication Bypass
Open source ↗ - GitHub PoC0xgh057r3c0n/CVE-2025-31161First seen May 23, 2025
🛡️ CVE-2025-31161 - CrushFTP User Creation Authentication Bypass Exploit
Open source ↗ - Exploit-DBEDB-52295First seen May 18, 2025
CrushFTP 11.3.1 - Authentication Bypass
Open source ↗ - GitHub PoCTX-One/CVE-2025-31161First seen Apr 21, 2025
CrushFTP CVE-2025-31161 Exploit Tool 🔓
Open source ↗ - GitHub PoCImmersive-Labs-Sec/CVE-2025-31161First seen Apr 8, 2025
Proof of Concept for CVE-2025-31161 / CVE-2025-2825
Open source ↗ - Nucleihttp/cves/2025/CVE-2025-31161.yamlFirst seen Jan 1, 2025
CrushFTP - Authentication Bypass
Open source ↗
Frequently asked(6)
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