CVE-2025-31161

CRITICALNVD 9.89.8
EchelonGraph scoreHIGH confidence

Score elevated to 9.8 because this CVE is listed on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog (added 2025-04-07), indicating real-world exploitation has been confirmed by US federal agencies. NVD baseline CVSS 9.8 retained for reference. Confidence: HIGH.

Triggered by: CISA KEV (actively exploited)
Sources: cisa_kev, epss, ghsa, nvd
Trending — 3 sources updated this weekExploited in the wild
9.8
EchelonGraph verdictPatch nowTreat as an emergency — this is being exploited.
  • Actively exploited in the wild (CISA-KEV)
CISA-KEV: ExploitedEPSS: 100%CVSS: 9.8Exploit: NoneExposed: 0

No vendor fix yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for a patch.

CrushFTP 10 before 10.8.4 and 11 before 11.3.1 allows authentication bypass and takeover of the crushadmin account (unless a DMZ proxy instance is used), as exploited in the wild in March and April 2025, aka "Unauthenticated HTTP(S) port access." A race condition exists in the AWS4-HMAC (compatible with S3) authorization method of the HTTP component of the FTP server. The server first verifies the existence of the user by performing a call to login_user_pass() with no password requirement. This will authenticate the session through the HMAC verification process and up until the server checks for user verification once more. The vulnerability can be further stabilized, eliminating the need for successfully triggering a race condition, by sending a mangled AWS4-HMAC header. By providing only the username and a following slash (/), the server will successfully find a username, which triggers the successful anypass authentication process, but the server will fail to find the expected SignedHeaders entry, resulting in an index-out-of-bounds error that stops the code from reaching the session cleanup. Together, these issues make it trivial to authenticate as any known or guessable user (e.g., crushadmin), and can lead to a full compromise of the system by obtaining an administrative account.

CVSS v3
9.8
EG Score
9.8(high)
EPSS
100.0%
KEV
⚠ Exploited

Published

April 3, 2025

Last Modified

October 31, 2025

Advisory Details (9)

Auto-updated Jun 1, 2026
⚠️ Active exploitation confirmed. Patch available. Sources: cisa.
cisa Patch Available🔴 Active Exploitation

Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog | CISA

Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog | CISA. Listed in CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.

https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-31161
generic🔴 Active Exploitation

CVE-2025-31161: Mitigate CrushFTP Vulnerability - vsociety

https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-31161-mitigate-crushftp-vulnerability
generic🔴 Active Exploitation

CVE-2025-31161: Detect CrushFTP Vulnerability - vsociety

https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-31161-detect-crushftp-vulnerability
generic🔴 Active Exploitation

CrushFTP Vulnerability Exploited Following Disclosure Issues - Infosecurity Magazine

https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/crushftp-flaw-exploited-disclosure/
generic🔴 Active Exploitation

CrushFTP CVE-2025-31161 Auth Bypass and Post-Exploitation | Huntress

https://www.huntress.com/blog/crushftp-cve-2025-31161-auth-bypass-and-post-exploitation
generic Patch Available🔴 Active Exploitation

Disclosure Drama Clouds CrushFTP Vulnerability Exploitation

https://www.darkreading.com/vulnerabilities-threats/disclosure-drama-clouds-crushftp-vulnerability-exploitation
generic🔴 Active Exploitation

CrushFTP Authentication Bypass - CVE-2025-2825 — ProjectDiscovery Blog

https://projectdiscovery.io/blog/crushftp-authentication-bypass
generic🔴 Active Exploitation

CrushFTP auth bypass vulnerability: Disclosure mess & attacks

https://outpost24.com/blog/crushftp-auth-bypass-vulnerability/
generic Patch Available🔴 Active Exploitation

Crush11wiki: Update

https://crushftp.com/crush11wiki/Wiki.jsp?page=Update#section-Update-VulnerabilityInfo

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 45× in last 7d / 196× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 355 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-07-22 19:40 UTCCISA KEV update
  2. 2026-07-22 19:39 UTCGHSA enrichment
  3. 2026-07-22 15:36 UTCGHSA enrichment
  4. 2026-07-22 11:33 UTCGHSA enrichment
  5. 2026-07-22 07:30 UTCGHSA enrichment
  6. 2026-07-22 03:28 UTCGHSA enrichment
  7. 2026-07-21 23:23 UTCGHSA enrichment
  8. 2026-07-21 17:36 UTCGHSA enrichment
  9. 2026-07-21 14:37 UTCCISA KEV update
  10. 2026-07-21 13:34 UTCGHSA enrichment
  11. 2026-07-21 09:30 UTCGHSA enrichment
  12. 2026-07-21 05:27 UTCGHSA enrichment
  13. 2026-07-21 01:24 UTCGHSA enrichment
  14. 2026-07-20 21:20 UTCGHSA enrichment
  15. 2026-07-20 17:17 UTCGHSA enrichment
  16. 2026-07-20 13:14 UTCGHSA enrichment
  17. 2026-07-20 09:12 UTCGHSA enrichment
  18. 2026-07-20 05:08 UTCGHSA enrichment
  19. 2026-07-20 01:06 UTCGHSA enrichment
  20. 2026-07-19 21:03 UTCGHSA enrichment
  21. 2026-07-19 17:00 UTCGHSA enrichment
  22. 2026-07-19 12:57 UTCGHSA enrichment
  23. 2026-07-19 08:54 UTCGHSA enrichment
  24. 2026-07-19 04:52 UTCGHSA enrichment
  25. 2026-07-19 00:48 UTCGHSA enrichment
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-07-18 20:45 UTCGHSA enrichment
  2. 2026-07-18 16:42 UTCGHSA enrichment
  3. 2026-07-18 12:39 UTCGHSA enrichment
  4. 2026-07-18 08:36 UTCGHSA enrichment
  5. 2026-07-18 04:33 UTCGHSA enrichment
  6. 2026-07-18 00:30 UTCGHSA enrichment
  7. 2026-07-17 20:27 UTCGHSA enrichment
  8. 2026-07-17 16:24 UTCGHSA enrichment
  9. 2026-07-17 12:21 UTCGHSA enrichment
  10. 2026-07-17 08:18 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-07-17 08:18 UTCGHSA enrichment
  12. 2026-07-17 04:15 UTCGHSA enrichment
  13. 2026-07-17 00:13 UTCGHSA enrichment
  14. 2026-07-16 20:10 UTCGHSA enrichment
  15. 2026-07-16 17:04 UTCCISA KEV update
  16. 2026-07-16 16:07 UTCGHSA enrichment
  17. 2026-07-16 12:02 UTCGHSA enrichment
  18. 2026-07-16 08:00 UTCGHSA enrichment
  19. 2026-07-16 03:57 UTCGHSA enrichment
  20. 2026-07-15 23:54 UTCGHSA enrichment
  21. 2026-07-15 19:52 UTCGHSA enrichment
  22. 2026-07-15 16:49 UTCCISA KEV update
  23. 2026-07-15 15:49 UTCGHSA enrichment
  24. 2026-07-15 15:04 UTCCISA KEV update
  25. 2026-07-15 11:46 UTCGHSA enrichment
  26. 2026-07-15 07:43 UTCGHSA enrichment
  27. 2026-07-15 03:41 UTCGHSA enrichment
  28. 2026-07-14 23:38 UTCGHSA enrichment
  29. 2026-07-14 19:35 UTCGHSA enrichment
  30. 2026-07-14 18:05 UTCCISA KEV update
  31. 2026-07-14 15:29 UTCGHSA enrichment
  32. 2026-07-14 11:25 UTCGHSA enrichment
  33. 2026-07-14 07:22 UTCGHSA enrichment
  34. 2026-07-14 03:19 UTCGHSA enrichment
  35. 2026-07-13 23:17 UTCGHSA enrichment
  36. 2026-07-13 19:14 UTCGHSA enrichment
  37. 2026-07-13 17:07 UTCCISA KEV update
  38. 2026-07-13 15:11 UTCGHSA enrichment
  39. 2026-07-13 11:08 UTCGHSA enrichment
  40. 2026-07-13 07:05 UTCGHSA enrichment
  41. 2026-07-13 03:02 UTCGHSA enrichment
  42. 2026-07-12 22:59 UTCGHSA enrichment
  43. 2026-07-12 18:56 UTCGHSA enrichment
  44. 2026-07-12 14:52 UTCGHSA enrichment
  45. 2026-07-12 10:48 UTCGHSA enrichment
  46. 2026-07-12 06:45 UTCGHSA enrichment
  47. 2026-07-12 02:41 UTCGHSA enrichment
  48. 2026-07-11 22:38 UTCGHSA enrichment
  49. 2026-07-11 18:35 UTCGHSA enrichment
  50. 2026-07-11 14:32 UTCGHSA enrichment
  51. 2026-07-11 10:29 UTCGHSA enrichment
  52. 2026-07-11 06:26 UTCGHSA enrichment
  53. 2026-07-11 02:23 UTCGHSA enrichment
  54. 2026-07-10 22:20 UTCGHSA enrichment
  55. 2026-07-10 18:16 UTCGHSA enrichment
  56. 2026-07-10 17:52 UTCCISA KEV update
  57. 2026-07-10 14:13 UTCGHSA enrichment
  58. 2026-07-10 10:09 UTCGHSA enrichment
  59. 2026-07-10 06:05 UTCGHSA enrichment
  60. 2026-07-10 02:01 UTCGHSA enrichment
  61. 2026-07-09 21:58 UTCGHSA enrichment
  62. 2026-07-09 19:09 UTCEPSS rescore
  63. 2026-07-09 17:55 UTCGHSA enrichment
  64. 2026-07-09 13:52 UTCGHSA enrichment
  65. 2026-07-09 09:49 UTCGHSA enrichment
  66. 2026-07-09 05:46 UTCGHSA enrichment
  67. 2026-07-09 01:42 UTCGHSA enrichment
  68. 2026-07-08 21:40 UTCGHSA enrichment
  69. 2026-07-08 17:36 UTCGHSA enrichment
  70. 2026-07-08 13:33 UTCGHSA enrichment
  71. 2026-07-08 09:29 UTCGHSA enrichment
  72. 2026-07-08 05:26 UTCGHSA enrichment
  73. 2026-07-08 01:23 UTCGHSA enrichment
  74. 2026-07-07 21:20 UTCGHSA enrichment
  75. 2026-07-07 19:01 UTCCISA KEV update

Publicly available exploits

(7 references)

Working exploit code is in the public domain (5 GitHub PoCs) (1 Exploit-DB entry). Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly — public PoCs typically lead to mass-exploitation within 24-72 hours.

  • GitHub PoCf4dee-backup/CVE-2025-31161
    First seen Sep 10, 2025

    PoC CVE-2025-31161 - Authentication Bypass CrushFTP

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCibrahmsql/CVE-2025-31161
    First seen Jun 15, 2025

    CrushFTP 11.3.1 - Authentication Bypass

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoC0xgh057r3c0n/CVE-2025-31161
    First seen May 23, 2025

    🛡️ CVE-2025-31161 - CrushFTP User Creation Authentication Bypass Exploit

    Open source ↗
  • Exploit-DBEDB-52295
    First seen May 18, 2025

    CrushFTP 11.3.1 - Authentication Bypass

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCTX-One/CVE-2025-31161
    First seen Apr 21, 2025

    CrushFTP CVE-2025-31161 Exploit Tool 🔓

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCImmersive-Labs-Sec/CVE-2025-31161
    First seen Apr 8, 2025

    Proof of Concept for CVE-2025-31161 / CVE-2025-2825

    Open source ↗
  • Nucleihttp/cves/2025/CVE-2025-31161.yaml
    First seen Jan 1, 2025

    CrushFTP - Authentication Bypass

    Open source ↗

Frequently asked(6)

What is CVE-2025-31161?
CVE-2025-31161 is a critical vulnerability published on April 3, 2025. CrushFTP 10 before 10.8.4 and 11 before 11.3.1 allows authentication bypass and takeover of the crushadmin account (unless a DMZ proxy instance is used), as exploited in the wild in March and April 2025, aka "Unauthenticated HTTP(S) port access." A race condition exists in the AWS4-HMAC (compatible…
When was CVE-2025-31161 disclosed?
CVE-2025-31161 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on April 3, 2025, with the most recent update on October 31, 2025. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2025-31161 actively exploited?
Yes. CISA added CVE-2025-31161 to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on April 7, 2025, affecting CrushFTP CrushFTP. KEV listing indicates confirmed exploitation in the wild; this CVE warrants immediate patching attention.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-31161?
CVE-2025-31161 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 (NVD).
Which products are affected by CVE-2025-31161?
CVE-2025-31161 affects CrushFTP CrushFTP. The full affected-products list, including version ranges and fixed versions, is shown in the Affected Packages section of this page.
How do I remediate CVE-2025-31161?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2025-31161, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

Dependency Blast Radius

Explore the affected products and dependency analysis for CVE-2025-31161

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