CVE-2025-27423

HIGHNVD 7.17.1
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

This high-severity CVE scores 7.1 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 22% (97th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from NVD CVSS v3
Sources: EPSS, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 3 sources updated this weekElevated

Also known asEUVD-2025-6012 (ENISA EUVD)Source: ENISA EUVD

7.1EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 22%CVSS: 7.1Exploit: No code on recordExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

Vim is an open source, command line text editor. Vim is distributed with the tar.vim plugin, that allows easy editing and viewing of (compressed or uncompressed) tar files. Starting with 9.1.0858, the tar.vim plugin uses the ":read" ex command line to append below the cursor position, however the is not sanitized and is taken literally from the tar archive. This allows to execute shell commands via special crafted tar archives. Whether this really happens, depends on the shell being used ('shell' option, which is set using $SHELL). The issue has been fixed as of Vim patch v9.1.1164

CVSS v3
7.1
EG Score
7.1HIGHmedium confidence
EG Risk
48
EG Risk 48/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity71% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 7.1 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
22%
EPSS %ILE
97th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (7.1): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 7.1 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
7.1 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.NVD CVSS v3 · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
EG Likelihood
22% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-02). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

March 3, 2025

Last Modified

August 18, 2025

Advisory Details (4)

Auto-updated Oct 27, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github_commit, github.
Web page

NetApp Product Security

https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250502-0002/
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

potential code execution with tar.vim and special crafted tar files in Vim < 9.1.1164 · Advisory · vim/vim · GitHub

https://github.com/vim/vim/security/advisories/GHSA-wfmf-8626-q3r3
GitHub commit

commit 334a13bff78a (vim/vim)

Fix landed in vim/vim commit 334a13bff78a — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/334a13bff78aa0ad206bc436885f63e3a0bab399
GitHub commit

commit 129a8446d23c (vim/vim)

Fix landed in vim/vim commit 129a8446d23c — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/129a8446d23cd9cb4445fcfea259cba5e0487d29

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2025-27423(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Affected Packages

(4 across 4 ecosystems)
Alpine:v3.22(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
vim—
  • 9.1.0858 up to 9.1.1164-r0: fixed in 9.1.1164-r0
—
Alpine:v3.23(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
vim—
  • 9.1.0858 up to 9.1.1164-r0: fixed in 9.1.1164-r0
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
vim—
  • every version up to 2:9.1.1230-1: fixed in 2:9.1.1230-1
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
vim—
  • every version up to 2:9.1.1230-1: fixed in 2:9.1.1230-1
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 9× in last 7d / 37× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 95 of 183 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 5 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 88 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-02 23:23 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-11-02 23:23 UTCVendor advisory
  3. 2026-11-01 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  4. 2026-10-31 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  5. 2026-10-30 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  6. 2026-10-29 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  7. 2026-10-28 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  8. 2026-10-27 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  9. 2026-10-27 11:04 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-10-26 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  11. 2026-10-25 16:38 UTCEG score recompute
  12. 2026-10-25 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  13. 2026-10-24 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  14. 2026-10-23 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  15. 2026-10-22 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  16. 2026-10-21 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  17. 2026-10-20 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  18. 2026-10-19 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  19. 2026-10-18 18:54 UTCEG score recompute
  20. 2026-10-18 18:54 UTCVendor advisory
  21. 2026-10-18 05:41 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-10-17 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  23. 2026-10-16 16:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  24. 2026-10-15 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  25. 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
Show 70 more
  1. 2026-10-13 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  2. 2026-10-12 17:14 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-10-11 20:46 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-10-11 18:57 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-11 15:34 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  7. 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  8. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  9. 2026-10-08 17:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  10. 2026-10-07 23:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  11. 2026-10-06 15:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  12. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  13. 2026-10-03 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  14. 2026-10-02 21:25 UTCOSV refresh
  15. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  16. 2026-09-30 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  17. 2026-09-29 15:19 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  18. 2026-09-28 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  19. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  20. 2026-09-26 00:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  21. 2026-09-24 14:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  22. 2026-09-23 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  23. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  24. 2026-09-16 14:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  25. 2026-09-16 05:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  26. 2026-09-13 18:54 UTCOSV refresh
  27. 2026-09-12 15:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  28. 2026-09-11 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  29. 2026-09-11 09:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  30. 2026-09-10 09:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  31. 2026-09-08 21:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  32. 2026-09-07 16:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  33. 2026-09-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  34. 2026-09-04 05:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  35. 2026-09-02 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  36. 2026-09-01 13:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  37. 2026-08-30 19:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  38. 2026-08-30 01:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  39. 2026-08-28 21:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  40. 2026-08-27 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  41. 2026-08-26 14:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  42. 2026-08-25 20:10 UTCOSV refresh
  43. 2026-08-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  44. 2026-08-24 14:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  45. 2026-08-23 00:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  46. 2026-08-21 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  47. 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  48. 2026-08-18 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  49. 2026-08-16 14:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  50. 2026-08-16 02:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  51. 2026-08-15 01:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  52. 2026-08-13 21:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  53. 2026-08-12 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  54. 2026-08-10 23:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  55. 2026-08-09 12:07 UTCOSV refresh
  56. 2026-08-07 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  57. 2026-08-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  58. 2026-08-05 19:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  59. 2026-08-04 15:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  60. 2026-08-04 10:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 22% · 97th percentile
  61. 2026-08-02 02:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  62. 2026-08-01 04:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  63. 2026-07-30 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  64. 2026-07-28 15:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  65. 2026-07-26 14:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  66. 2026-07-25 14:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  67. 2026-07-24 14:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  68. 2026-07-24 13:11 UTCOSV refresh
  69. 2026-07-23 02:52 UTCEG score recompute
  70. 2026-07-22 14:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile

Related CVEs(same product + same CWE)

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-27423?
CVE-2025-27423 is a high-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on March 3, 2025. Vim is an open source, command line text editor. Vim is distributed with the tar.vim plugin, that allows easy editing and viewing of (compressed or uncompressed) tar files. Starting with 9.1.0858, the tar.vim plugin uses the ":read" ex command line to append below the cursor position, however the…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2025-27423 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2025-27423 was published on March 3, 2025. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of August 18, 2025; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-27423 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-27423 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 22% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (97th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-27423?
CVE-2025-27423 has a CVSS v3 base score of 7.1 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-27423?
A fix for CVE-2025-27423 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2025-27423 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

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